CH. 5 Human Development

easy child

A(n) _________ child's temperament is happy and fun during daily routines

fetus

For developing ______, bone cells begin to form, organs continue to grow and mature, and rapid growth occurs

There is a shared preference for certain types of plays and certain types of toys

Why do children show a preference for same-sex-playmates?

Cis-gendered

__________ identity is when a person's gender identity is the same as their sex at birth

wisdom

is the ability to know what matters, to live well and to show good judgement

postconventional level

third level of reasoning in Kohlberg's theory, in which morality is based on a personal moral code

They have a model for future friendship and love relationships

A primary reason why infants must internalize the bonding relationship is so _________

nine years old

By what age do children become more aware of the impact of their reactions on other people and have the ability to inhibit their facial expressions of emotion in the presence of others?

three

Children begin to interact during play around age ______ years

undercontrolled

Children who are ____ are impulsive and prone to temper tantrums

inhibited

Children who are _____ are less likely to have social support and are more likely to avoid risk and harm, to be nonassertive, and are more likely to suffer from prolonged depression

other children

Children's social environment expands from attachment to primary caregiver to play with

adolescents

Erik Erikson considered the conflict of identity as the major personality development _______ go through

adolescent

Identity vs identity confusion is the psychosocial development stage that occurs during _________

girls and boys

In one study, researchers found that open and imaginative _____ tended to be more anxious and self-doubting in young adulthood, compared to open and imaginative _______

caring trust relationships

Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning occurs when an individual values which of the following?

Preconventional

Kohlberg's stage of moral development in which rewards and punishments dominate moral thinking

gender identity

Mona identifies as a female; this identification reflects Mona's

3-5

Neural migration occurs during ___ - _____ months of the fetal stage

strange situation

The _______ _______ procedure was designed to assess the quality of attachment between an infant and his or her primary caregiver

male than female

______ (male or female) fetuses are more active than ____ (male or female) fetuses

transgender

_______ identity occurs when one identifies with the opposite gender one was assigned at birth

emotianal

________ competence is the ability to control self expressions and know when it is appropriate certain self expressions

social referencing

__________ __________ is the ability to make use of social information from another person.

development

the process of how genotype becomes phenotype, and therefore, how we change and remain the same over the course of a lifetime is called human

at conception

Sex is determined

difficult child

A ________ child's temperament is unpredictable in their daily functions

securely attached

A child that is ________ will gradually explore new situations when a caregiver leaves, and will initiate contact when the caregiver returns

insecure disorganized

A child with ______ attachment shows odd, conflicted behaviors in the strange situations. These children may be frightened or scared

insecure-resistant

A child with _________ resistant attachment cannot be comforted by mother on reunion and shows difficulty in returning to play

Protect infants from predation and other threats to survival

According to John Bowlby, what is the major function of becoming emotionally attached to caregivers and emotionally distressing when separate from them?

16

As early as ____ weeks into pregnancy, the mother can feel the fetus moving

Seven months of age

At what age are babies able to discriminate fearful and happy faces?

Level 2

At what stage of moral reasoning is a child who says "you can't steal that life-saving medication because people will think poorly of you stealing"?

emotional

Attachment theory is a strong ______ connection to a child and their caregiver

4 and 7

Between the ages of ______, infants begin to show signs of anger in facial expression when their movements are restrained

easy child, difficult child, slow-to-warm-up child

Select all the general categories of temperament in children

nine

Separation anxiety typically occurs around ______ months of age

adolescence

Sexual identity formation occurs in

midly not extreme

Slow-to-warm children are _____ (midly/extremely) nervous or feel tense toward new situations

26

The fetus begins to respond to sound around __ weeks after conception

facial expressions

Through babies do not have the ability to talk, they do learn other ways to communicate their needs to caregivers. What is one such way?

peers

What are the group of people who share equal standing or status and usually at the same level in terms of age, and gender?

The importance of a mother providing warmth

What did Harry Harlow's study on infant monkeys demonstrate?

imprinting

What is the process by which non-human newborn animals come to recognize the first moving object they see as their primary caregiver?

children who waited were better able to distract themseles than children who could not wait

What was the conclusion of the research study where children were given a choice between getting one treat now or two treats in 15 mins?

13- 15 weeks after conception

When do taste preferences start?

The child does not exhbit distress when the mother leaves the room and does not go towards her when she returns

Which of the following behavior patterns, exhibited in the Ainsworth strange situation, is most likely that of an aviodantly attached child

Babies who received touch therapy gained significantly more weight than babies who did not

Which of the following best summarizes the research on touch therapy for proterm infants in hospital settings?

sexual orientation and gender identity are not related

Which of the following is true regarding sexual orientation and gender identity?