Chain of Infection
Rickettsiae
smaller than bacteria;causes typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
The route of Transmission
Method by which the pathogen is transmitted to a new host; Direct contact, Air, Insects
Virus
Microorganisms that cannot be seen;not destroyed by antibiotics
Fungi pathogens
Molds and yeasts;treated with anti-fungal sprays and creams
Pathogen Identification
Identify pathogens and finding cures;Job of C.D.C.
Medical asepsis
-antiseptic(people only), inhibit growth of bacteria in people -disinfectant(objects), chemicals and boiling -Sterilizing(objects), autoclave
Point of epidemiology
1.Find ways infection can be transmitted. 2.Find ways chain can be broken.
Pathogenic microorganisms
1.Fungi 2.Protozoa 3.Virus 4.Rickettsiae 5.Bacteria
Ways of interrupting chain of infection
1.Pathogen Identification 2.Asepsis & Hygiene 3.Control Portals of Exit 4.Prevent a route of Transmission 5.Protect Portal of Entry 6.Recognition of Susceptible Host
6 parts of chain of infection
1.The infections agent 2.The reservoir host 3.The portal of exit 4.The route of Transmission 5.The portal of entry 6.Susceptible host
Protozoa
Ameobic dysentery
The infections agent
Any disease causing agent(pathogen)
Pathogen
Any disease causing microorganism.
Bacteria
First seen by Antoni van Leeuwenhook in 1693; classified by shape and if anaerobic or aerobic
Protect Portal of Entry
Health proffesionals must make sure that ports of entry are not subject to pathogens (nose,mouth, eyes,urinary tracts,open wounds,etc.)
Control Portals of Exit
Healthcare personnel must practice standard precautions
Microorganism
Organism too small to be seen by naked eye
Asepsis & Hygiene
Potential host & carriers must practice asepsis & maintain personal hygiene
Prevent a route of Transmission
Prevent direct or indirect contact by: 1.Proper handwashing 2.Disinfection & Sterilization techniques 3.Isolation of infected patients 4.Not working when contagious
The portal of exit
Route of escape, how it escapes hosts body
The portal of entry
Route through which the pathogen enters its new host; Respiration, ingestion,Urinary/Reproductive tracts, breaks in skin
Types of White blood cells and jobs
T cells-identifier cells; finds and identifies pathogens B cells-creates antibodies Monocyte- takes pathogens out
Asepsis
The absence of infection;medical, practice and techniques to protect individual from disease, and surgical, sterile techniques to handle equipment, maintain sterile fields, etc.
The reservoir host
The organism in which the infectious microbes reside; Carrier host may not show signs, but still capable of transmitting
Susceptible host
The organism that accepts the pathogen; dependent on host's immune system/resistance
Epidemiology
The tracing /understanding/study of health related events in society.
Recognition of Susceptible Host
Those with low immune system/resistance; cancer patients, AIDs patients, etc.
Shapes of bacteria
cocci-spherical baccillus-rod Spirilla-corkscrew Staphylococci-round and grouped(boils)
Interrupting chain of infection
essential part of patient care & self-protection
Nosocomial infections
infections acquired while receiving a treatment in a healthcare center