Chapter 13 Anatomy 2

This muscle was tested when Darius followed the doctor's finger with his eyes. When Darius looked to the sides, this nerve was assessed because it innervates muscles that allow an individual to look to the side.

Abducens

This nerve was tested by monitoring Darius's speech and observing him when he shrugged his shoulders and turned his head. It innervates structures associated with speech, as well as the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.

Accessory

Which of the following receptors is responsible for detecting stimuli of a special sense?

Photoreceptor

Patient X is having a heart attack (myocardial infarction) and has pain on the left side of their chest and shooting down their left arm. This is because of

Referred pain

This nerve is a mixed nerve. The sensory component was tested when Darius's face was touched and there was no difference in sensation on his forehead, cheek, and jawline on either side of his face. This nerve innervates the masseter muscles, and the motor function was tested when Darius clenched his teeth.

Trigeminal

Which CN # is the facial nerve?

VII

Some cranial nerves transport sensory information to the brain, as well as motor commands from the brain. These nerves are known as mixed nerves. One very important mixed nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It is the only nerve to innervate organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Which nerve is this?

Vagus

Damage of proprioceptors or sensory neurons that communicate with the cerebellum will cause which of the following? -All the answer choices are correct -There may be a lack of coordination while walking -One may not know where their body part or limbs are relative to space -Can affect balance

all the answer choices are correct

What specific spinal nerve branch controls the movement of rectus abdominis, a skeletal muscle on the anterior surface of the body?

anterior ramus

Which of the following houses motor neurons?

anterior root of spinal nerve

The ______ nervous system is under involuntary, or automatic, control.

autonomic

The posterior cord of the brachial plexus divides into which two nerves?

axillary and radial nerves

The _____ plexus is a network of nerves located near the arm pit.

brachial

Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb?

brachial plexus

What is situated inferior to the conus medullaris of the spinal cord?

cauda equina

Which nervous system is responsible for the integration of sensory information?

central nervous system

During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the:

cervical plexus

The receptors for smell and taste are ______

chemoreceptors

Which of the following does NOT belong to the brachial plexus?

phrenic nerve

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?

posterior

Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve carries sensory information only?

posterior (dorsal) root

Which muscle or muscle group is served by the femoral nerve?

quadriceps femoris group

DIAGRAMS ON PEARSON

question 2 question 14 question 41 question 42

The branch of the anterior ramus that contains autonomic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system is called ______

ramus communicans

Pain in the right side of the neck and shoulder associated with liver and gallbladder pathology is an example of _______

referred pain

Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as:

referred pain

Which is the largest / longest nerve in the body?

sciatic nerve

The posterior root ganglion contains the following kind of information:

sensory

The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the:

visceral motor division (or autonomic nervous system, ANS)

What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons?

interneurons

Inflammation of what nerve results in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)?

median nerve

What is CN I (cranial nerve 1)?

olfactory nerve

Sensory receptors that adapt to stimuli after a certain period of time are:

rapidly adapting receptors

The longest and largest nerve in the body belongs to the sacral plexus and is known as the:

sciatic nerve

Which is not a major nerve coming from the brachial plexus?

sciatic nerve

The _______ nervous system allows us to voluntarily control our body 19s movements.

somatic

The anterior root and posterior root fuse to form a(n):

spinal nerve

The ANS related to homeostasis activities surrounding physical work and visceral responses of emotions is:

sympathetic

A test known as two-point discrimination threshold measures:

the relative size of receptive fields

Your wrap your hands around a warm cup of hot chocolate. This sensation is detected by a:

thermoreceptor

An inability to swallow indicates a problem with the:

trigeminal nerve (V) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

What cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and the motor roles for the corneal blink reflex?

trigeminal nerve (V) as sensory facial nerve (VII) as motor

The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following EXCEPT: -glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) -trochlear nerve (IV) -facial nerve (VII) -trigeminal nerve (V)

trochlear nerve (IV)

Striking the "funny" bone is actually stimulation (or injury) to the:

ulnar nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve VIII?

vestibulocochlear nerve

Loss of balance and equilibrium can indicate damage to the:

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement?

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Which number on the graph respresents when voltage gated K+ channels open

3

Location of primary cortex

A

This nerve is important in controlling several facial muscles. When Darius smiled, frowned, and puffed out his cheeks with no problems it indicated that this nerve was functioning properly.

Facial

Which of the following is mismatched when the nerve is damaged?

Femoral nerve-knee pain

What is not a function of the reticular formation

Memory

Which mechanoreceptor is found in the epidermis

Merkle cell

Which does NOT relate to upper motor neuron disorder

Paralysis/Paresis

Which CN # is the trigeminal nerve?

V

Some cranial nerves are only sensory in function. Their function is to relay sensory information to the brain for interpretation. What are the sensory cranial nerves?

Vestibulocochlear Optic Olfactory

The vagus nerve is represented by Roman numeral:

X

The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in:

a large-diameter, myelinated axon

The phrenic nerve is enervated by spinal branches from

c3-c5

Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex?

crossed-extension reflex

What best describes the location of white matter?

deep in the brain and superficial in the spinal cord

CSF is former by ____ and reabsorbed through arachnoid granulation into ____

Choroid plexuses, Duran sinuses

What 2 factors determine the speed of nerve impulse transmission

Diameter of axon and myelination

Another mixed cranial nerve also plays a role in the chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes to regulate heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. This nerve also helps with swallowing and the gag reflex. Which nerve is this?

Glossopharyngeal

What reflex causes muscle relaxation?

Golgi tendon reflex

Suppose a patient comes in with an upper motor neuron disorder. Which of the following might be a plausible clinical presentation?

Increase in stretch reflexes may occur.

A simple stretch reflex (like the patellar knee jerk reflex) is

Monosynaptic

This nerve was tested twice. It controls the pupil reflex in response to light (constriction) and is important in moving 4 of 6 eye muscles. When Darius followed the doctor's fingers with his eyes, rather than his head, the function of this nerve was tested.

Oculomotor

Some cranial nerves do not transport sensory information and only carry motor commands from the brain to muscles and other structures. These nerves are known as motor nerves. What are the motor cranial nerves?

Oculomotor Abducens Accessory Trochlear Hypoglossal

This nerve was tested when Darius was asked to identify the number of fingers the doctor held up. Damage to this nerve will result in visual disturbances.

Optic

In the crossed-extension reflex, if the right leg flexes, then the left leg:

extends

Photoreceptors are found only in the:

eye

A bundle of axons within a nerve is called a ______

fascicle

Determine the polysynaptic reflex from this list of examples.

flexion (withdrawal) reflex

Which of the following are groups of neuronal cell bodies that are located within the ANS?

ganglia

Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve?

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

The inability to produce a gag reflex could indicate a problem with the:

glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) vagus nerve (X)

The ______ nerve originates from the medulla and travels below the tongue.

hypoglossal

Which part of the CNS regulates the autonomic nervous system and provides a link to the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

The stretch of a full urinary bladder is detected by a(n):

interoceptor

Which mechanoreceptor detects deep pressure?

lamellated corpuscle

Which cranial nerve detects smell?

olfactory nerve (I)