Chapter 16 Practice Test

How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America? a. The division of time into four zones allowed businesses to communicate by telegraph for the first time. b. Large banks were now able to locate in western railroad towns. c. Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods. d. The adoption of a standard railroad gauge made private and federal land grants more available. e. The expansion of trains increased the efficiency of small businesses.

c. Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods.

Chinese immigrants to the West: a. were exclusively women working as domestics. b. concentrated primarily in the Pacific Northwest, where lumber and fishing jobs were plentiful. c. worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities. d. grew to several million in number by the 1890s, due to the absence of federal immigration quotas. e. were exclusively single men, particularly after the Civil War.

c. worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities.

The nineteenth-century labor movement argued that: a. capital should be concentrated among the laborers. b. concentrated capital was not the enemy but that corrupt politicians were. c. strikes and walkouts were exclusively a male preserve. d. extremes of wealth and poverty threatened democracy. e. meaningful freedom could exist in conditions of economic inequality, but only if the government did not oppress workers.

d. extremes of wealth and poverty threatened democracy.

Which of the following properly assesses the significance of wage labor in industrializing America during the Gilded Age? a. The introduction of freelancing and independent contract work made wage labor increasingly irrelevant. b. More and more Americans viewed wage labor as a temporary stop on the path to independence. c. Unfree working conditions in Gilded Age industries largely made traditional wage labor a thing of the past. d. Workers understood wage labor to be the key advantage of American industries over European competitors. e. More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

e. More and more Americans experienced wage labor as a permanent condition on the edge of poverty.

Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE? a. The theory argued that failure to advance in society indicated a lack of character. b. The theory borrowed language from Charles Darwin. c. The theory argued that evolution was as natural a process in human society as in nature and that government must not interfere. d. The theory argued that freedom required frank acceptance of inequality. e. The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

e. The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.

What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians? a. To prepare them for reservation life. b. To prepare them to enlist in the U.S. military. c. To convert them to Christianity so that they would become missionaries on the reservations. d. To train them in the professional skills necessary to return to the reservations as doctors and teachers. e. To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.

e. To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.

The Dawes Act was an extension of the treaty system practiced by the American government since the Revolutionary War. true or false

false

Voter participation during the Gilded Age was never over 60 percent. true or false

false

Lochner v. New York voided a state law establishing ten hours per day, or sixty per week, as the maximum hours of work for bakers, claiming that it infringed on individual freedom. true or false

true

The Knights of Labor raised the question of whether meaningful freedom could exist in a situation of extreme economic inequality. true or false

true