Chapter 35: Gastrointestinal Function

Which statement regarding pepsin is true?

It is secreted as an inactive proenzyme *Chief cells produce pepsinogen (inactive form of pepsin), in which HCl activates it into pepsin

Which is associated with contraction of the gallbladder?

[Chole]cystokinin *Stimulation results in an outpouring of bile, important in fat digestion and absorption

Absorption of glucose and amino acids across the intestinal epithelium occurs by...?

sodium-dependent carriers

Pancreatic secretions are high in....?

bicarbonate ions

The structure and secretions of the salivary gland most closely resemble those of the...?

exocrine pancreas

Failure of normal partitioning between the foregut and midgut can lead to a congenital condition known as....?

intestinal atresia

Brush-border enzymes are produced by ________ cells.

intestinal epithelial

The sympathetic nerve endings in the GI tract secrete....?

norepinephrine

[sata] Which are major pairs of salivary glands?

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

The propulsive movement of the GI tract is called?

peristalsis

The portion of the stomach that controls gastric emptying is the...?

pylorus

The primary stimulus for pancreatic secretion is...?

secretin

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the...?

small intestines

Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach would...?

stimulate motility

Most of the parasympathetic innervation of the GI tract is supplied by the....?

vagus nerve *vagus nerve provides extensive supply to the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and the first half of the large intestines

The action of bile is to...?

emulsify fats

Carbohydrates are absorbed in the form of...?

monosaccharides

Which can be absorbed through the intestinal epithelia without further digestion?

Glucose *Absorbed through intestinal epithelia by a sodium-dependent cotransporter

Which enzyme assists with protein digestion?

chymotrypsin

Chief cell secretes?

pepsinogen

How much fluid is secreted from the intestinal glands daily?

2L

Older individuals may experience which change in the mouth?

Increased exposure of dentin