Chapter 4 Quiz - Gender Inequality

In surveys of women employed in corporate and other settings, an average of what percentage have reported being sexually harassed? 10% 25% 37% 58% 75%

58%

Latinx women earn about what percentage of what white men earn? 47% 57% 67% 77% 87%

67%

What percentage of women between the ages of 35-44 is in the labor force? 43.3% 58.6% 67.5% 72.7% 81.9%

72.7%

A rape myth(s) that attempts to explain rape and sexual assault is/are: women enjoy being forced to have sex women ask for or deserve to be raped men should be sexually assertive or even aggressive a and b All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

A study of fifth graders in Connecticut by Janet Lever in 1978 found that boys' games had a greater number of rules than girls' games. had more specialized roles than girls' games. were typically more complex than girls' games. involved more individuals playing than girls' games. All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Biological explanations for gender roles include _______. evolutionary psychology prehistoric female's exclusive role as child bearers prehistoric male's superior strength and quickness males' higher levels of testosterone All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Rape is more common in societies where women have less economic power. where women have less political power. where women are poorer. a and b All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Sexual harassment consists of unwelcome sexual advances. requests for sexual favors. physical conduct of a sexual nature that is used as a condition of employment. physical conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with an individual's job performance. All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

What accounts for the gender gap in earnings? Socialization affects what jobs young men and women choose to pursue Men and women do not want to encounter difficulties they may experience if they take a job traditionally assigned to the other sex Sex-segregated jobs discriminate against applicants who are not the "right" sex for that job All of the above are true. None of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

"Herdache" is a category anthropologists use to refer to a woman who takes on a man's role. True False

False

Primary sex characteristics are the biological differences between females and males that emerge during puberty. True False

False

_____ is the belief that men and women should be equal. Equal rights Feminism Femininity Sexism Natural law

Feminism

__________ is/are the social and cultural differences a society assigns to people based on their biological sex. Gender Gender identity Gender role Masculinity and femininity Socialization

Gender

The anthropologist who studied almost 200 preindustrial societies and who created the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample is __________. Richard Leakey Ashley Montagu James D. Tabor Noam Chomsky George Murdock

George Murdock

Which of the following is NOT true for men, when compared to women? Men suffer a high rate of violent victimization. Men live longer than women. Men are injured more. Men miss out on the joy of parenting. All of the above are true for men.

Men live longer than women.

Which Indigenous Americans recognize four genders? Mahican Mayan Menominee Mohave Montauk

Mohave

Which of the following is NOT a critique of the evolutionary explanation of gender? There was greater gender variation in prehistoric times than the evolutionary explanation assumes. Biological differences which may have influenced gender roles in prehistoric times are largely irrelevant today. Human environments have been too diverse to allow a simple explanation based on biology. Sex characteristics are the same throughout all societies. Evolutionary arguments justify gender inequality by confining people to their expected gender roles.

Sex characteristics are the same throughout all societies.

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is NOT true? Women are more often the than men the targets of sexual harassment. Women are still depicted in our culture as sexual objects that exist for men's pleasure, which contributes to their being sexually harassed. Most women who are sexually harassed do not bring court action against those who harass them. The long-term psychological consequences of sexual harassment already comprise a vast body of research. The effects of sexual harassment are known as sexual harassment trauma syndrome.

The long-term psychological consequences of sexual harassment already comprise a vast body of research.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding women? They are more likely than men to be sexually assaulted. They are more likely than men to be victims of pornographic violence on the Internet and in videos, magazines, and other outlets. They are more likely to be victims of domestic violence, or violence between spouses and others with intimate relationships. They are more likely to be victims of violence of all kinds. They are more likely to be victims of crime precisely because they are women.

They are more likely to be victims of violence of all kinds.

According to the text, which of the following is NOT true of teachers at all levels? They tend to give boys higher marks for similar work performed by girls. They tend to praise boys more than girls for right answers. They tend to call on boys more often than girls. They tend to give boys more feedback about their assignments than girls. They tend to give boys more feedback about their schoolwork than girls.

They tend to give boys higher marks for similar work performed by girls.

Females have two X chromosomes. True False

True

In a study discussed in this chapter, less than half of respondents agree that it is better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. True False

True

In addition to the fear of being fired, many people do not report sexual harassment in the workplace due to the mental health effects known as sexual harassment trauma syndrome, a phenomenon similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. True False

True

Socialization into gender roles begins in infancy. True False

True

The major characters on children's television shows are male. True False

True

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that women around the world are differently impacted by COVID-19 than men? You Answered Most nurses around the world are women. As women are more likely than men to be primary caretakers, school closures around the world posed a greater burden on women. When family members become sick during a health crisis, women tend to become their caretakers. Women around the world are more likely than men to smoke and less likely to go to the doctor. Domestic violence rates rose during the pandemic.

Women around the world are more likely than men to smoke and less likely to go to the doctor.

Anthropological research finds a good deal of variation in gender roles for certain tasks, including _______. generating fires fetching water milking a and b a and c

a and c

Secondary sex characteristics develop during puberty. are present at birth. stem from hormonal differences. a and c b and c

a and c

Sociologists have concluded that gender-role socialization stems from practices by adults. children's own activities with adult involvement. children's own activities without adult involvement. a and b a and c

a and c

Women spend how much longer than men per week on housework? about 1 hour about 2-3 hours about 7 hours about 12 hours about 15 hours

about 7 hours

A person's sex refers to societal differences. cultural differences. anatomical differences. All of the above are true. None of the above are true.

anatomical differences.

What percentage of U.S. women will experience a rape or sexual assault, including attempts, at least once in their lives? at least one-sixth of U.S. women at least one-fifth of U.S. women at least one-fourth of U.S. women at least one-third of U.S. women at least one-half of U.S. women

at least one-third of U.S. women

The United Nations' "gender empowerment measure" gauges women's involvement in their nation's: social institutions economic life political life a and b b and c

b and c

To the extent that gender is shaped by ______, it is possible to change gender and to help bring about a society where both men and women have more opportunity to achieve their full potential. biological evolution culture society a and b b and c

b and c

Which of these describes the "glass escalator"? It represents an invisible barrier to men's advancement in the corporate world It applies especially in occupations primarily filled by women It represents the relative ease afforded men for promotion within the workplace a and b b and c

b and c

Recent anthropological evidence challenges the evolutionary argument that men's tendency to commit violence was biologically transmitted. supports the evolutionary argument that the more aggressive prehistoric male was more likely than less violent men to produce offspring (and thus carry these males' genetic violent tendencies. supports the evolutionary argument that men with higher levels of testosterone demonstrated increased violence. All of the above are true. None of the above are true.

challenges the evolutionary argument that men's tendency to commit violence was biologically transmitted.

Cultural expectations of girls and women, including gentleness and attractiveness is known as: gender gender identity gender role femininity feminism

femininity

Where is the United States ranked according to the "gender empowerment measure"? first eighteenth twenty-fifth forty-first fifty-second

forty-first

A previously used term for "intersexed" is: hematidrosis hemimetaboly hermaphrodites hermonites heteroclite

hermaphrodites

While women have narrowed the gender gap in earnings, today they still earn what percentage of men's average earnings? about 50% less than 70% less than 80% about 90% almost 100%

less than 80%

Female genital mutilation is thought to have affected how many girls and women worldwide? more than 1 million more than 10 million more than 25 million more than 50 million more than 100 million

more than 100 million

Worldwide, how many women die annually from complications during pregnancy or childbirth? more than 100,000 more than 300,000 more than 750,000 more than one million more than two million

more than 300,000

According to the General Social Survey, about what percent agree with the statement: It is much better for everyone involved if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family. one-tenth one-fifth one-fourth one-third one-half

one-third

"Patriarchy" is defined as: relating to the head of the family relating to fatherland relating to hereditary traits relating to male domination relating to fatherhood

relating to male domination

Comparable worth refers to: the idea that men and women working at similar jobs earn roughly equal income the idea that men and women should be paid roughly the same for similar jobs the idea that women's and men's jobs may be of roughly equal value and thus deserve the same pay, even though women's jobs typically pay less than men's jobs All of the above are true. None of the above are true.

the idea that women's and men's jobs may be of roughly equal value and thus deserve the same pay, even though women's jobs typically pay less than men's jobs

The contemporary women's rights movement began in: the early 1950s the late 1960s the mid 1970s the early 1980s the late 1990s

the late 1960s

Which of the following is NOT true when boys are compared to girls? Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with emotional disorders. to be diagnosed with learning disabilities. to be diagnosed with attention deficit disorder. to have lower intelligence. to commit suicide.

to have lower intelligence.