Chapter 6

Synthetic cathinone

Artificial form of a drug found naturally in the khat plant

Cocaethlene

Compound formed in the body when cocaine is taken with alcohol

Stimulant psychosis

Condition that includes paranoid delusions and disorientation resembling the symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia

High dose

Condition whose symptoms include a psychotic state, paranoid delusions, and a risk of overdose death

Behavioral Effect

Condition whose symptoms include a sense of elation, increased sociability, and increased resistance to fatigue

Formication syndrome

Condition with symptoms of itching and feeling as if insects were crawling under skin

Anhedonia

Inability to experience normal pleasure

Anorectic Effect

Loss of appetite or suppression of eating

Meth mouth

Phenomenon characterized by deterioration and loss of teeth

State-dependent learning

Phenomenon where knowledge gained under the influence is best recalled when in the same condition

Freebasing

Practice of heating cocaine and inhaling the vapors

Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway

Region of the brain thought to mediate reward

Extinction phase

Stage whereby the craving response is extinguished to environment cues

Crack

Type of cocaine produced by mixing cocaine salt with baking soda and water

Once use of the drug has stopped, when will a long-term user of cocaine likely begin to show normal levels of dopamine activity in the brain? a. 21 days b. 30 days c. 60 days d. 7 days

a. 21 days

Why do researchers believe that people experience an emotional "crash" following a period of heavy use of amphetamines? a. Neurotransmitters are destroyed. b. Monoamines are reabsorbed. c. Enzymes are deactivated. d. Cathinones are synthesized.

a. Neurotransmitters are destroyed.

________ learning occurs when a person's recall of material studied while high is best if the person is high when taking the test. a. State-dependent b. Sympathomimetic c. Sensory-adjacent d. Situational

a. State-dependent

Which of the following best describes the experience of taking amphetamines intravenously? a. a strong "high" then a quick decline b. a slow buildup, peak "high," then slow decline c. an immediate sustained energetic "high" d. a mellow "high" that builds slowly

a. a strong "high" then a quick decline

After taking crystal nonstop for several days, Tamara crashed. What did she likely experience in the days after she woke up? a. depression b. narcolepsy c. psychosis d. formication

a. depression

Illicit use of Ritalin among college students mirrors use of the drug among children because they tend to use it to ________. a. enhance studying b. elevate mood c. improve athletics d. prevent depression

a. enhance studying

A common term for smoking cocaine is ________. a. freebasing b. speedballing c. huffing d. snorting

a. freebasing

A drug test for stimulant usage checks for which of the following in urine? a. metabolites b. enzymes c. residues d. neurotransmitters

a. metabolites

Which of the following was NOT a common use of the coca leaf during ancient times? a. recreation b. spirituality c. productivity d. healing

a. recreation

A person who develops acute tolerance for cocaine at a party will lose that tolerance following no further use of the drug for what timeframe? a. 60 minutes b. 18 hours c. 72 hours d. 36 hours

b. 18 hours

When was the coca plant introduced to Europe? a. 1600s b. 1800s c. 1700s d. 1500s

b. 1800s

When did science first indicate that children with hyperactivity could be calmed using stimulant drugs? a. 1984 b. 1937 c. 1962 d. 2001

b. 1937

Based on reports of related health emergencies, when did the popularity of bath salts reach its highest point? a. 2009 b. 2011 c. 2015 d. 2004

b. 2011

The natural version of the substance used in bath salts is common to what region? a. Asia b. Africa c. South America d. Central America

b. Africa

DeMarco's fourth-grade son Marlon was recently prescribed Concerta. How will this likely affect Marlon in school? a. He will get depressed by midday. b. He will finish desk work on time. c. He will be drowsy in the morning. d. He will be prone to pick fights.

b. He will finish desk work on time.

Jimmy's friends and family are concerned about him. Although he was able to quit smoking crack a month ago, he seems unable to enjoy things that he used to love doing. What is Jimmy experiencing? a. psychosis b. anhedonia c. schizophrenia d. anorexia

b. anhedonia

Which of Freud's recommended applications for cocaine has been verified by research? a. as an antidepressant b. as an anesthetic c. as an aphrodisiac d. as a syphilis cure

b. as an anesthetic

Tommy, a heavy cocaine user, has begun to experience what he describes as an intense, itchy "crawly" feeling under his skin. Which of the following is Tommy experiencing? a. paranoia b. formication c. withdrawal d. sternutation

b. formication

Snorting cocaine became popular in the 1970s due to ________. a. growing knowledge of the dangers of freebasing b. its reputation as a cultural status symbol c. manufacturers' removal of cocaine from Coca-Cola d. the reduced legal penalties for possession

b. its reputation as a cultural status symbol

Carolyn asked her doctor to prescribe an amphetamine so she could lose weight before her wedding. The doctor refused due to the potential risk of ________. a. extreme weight loss b. physical dependence c. episodes of psychosis d. damage to the liver

b. physical dependence

Which of the following is a common result of heavy amphetamine use? a. heart failure b. violence c. overdose d. lung cancer

b. violence

Donte snorted ten lines of cocaine during a party with friends on a Saturday night. About how much did he ingest in total? a. 300 milligrams b. 50 milligrams c. 150 milligrams d. 750 milligrams

c. 150 milligrams

When was the use of cocaine first regulated by the U.S. government? a. 1879 b. 1947 c. 1914 d. 1938

c. 1914

How long were amphetamines formally used as medicine before problems with its use were recognized? a. 80 years b. 20 years c. 40 years d. 100 years

c. 40 years

In 1994, Vanessa was sentenced to five years in prison for possession of crack cocaine. If she had the minimum amount required to trigger the five-year sentence, how much of the substance was Vanessa carrying? a. 500 grams b. 50 grams c. 5 grams d. 500 milligrams

c. 5 grams

Someone who snorts a moderate dose of cocaine at a party would likely ingest how much of the substance? a. 100 milligrams b. 10 milligrams c. 50 milligrams d. 25 milligrams

c. 50 milligrams

Based on a recent survey, what is the average prevalence of cocaine use among high school seniors? a. about 4% b. about 1% c. about 2% d. about 5%

c. about 2%

The fact that cocaine users never experience the same amount of pleasure from the first line of a session as from subsequent lines is defined as ________ tolerance. a. reverse b. protracted c. acute d. chronic

c. acute

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT primarily affected by stimulant drugs? a. dopamine b. norepinephrine c. adenosine d. serotonin

c. adenosine

Which of the following characteristics is common across the various stimulant drugs? a. onset b. duration c. effects d. manufacture

c. effects

Glenn is looking to get the quickest rush possible from a stimulant. How should he ingest it? a. inject it b. snort it c. smoke it d. swallow it

c. smoke it

Wanda's sweaty palms and dilated pupils indicate that the crack she smoked has activated which of the following? a. the parasympathetic branch of her peripheral nervous system b. the parasympathetic branch of her autonomic nervous system c. the sympathetic branch of her autonomic nervous system d. the sympathetic branch of her peripheral nervous system

c. the sympathetic branch of her autonomic nervous system

Physiological effect

condition whose symptoms are the same as those seen in emotional arousal and appetite-suppression

Where did the resurgence of meth use begin in the 1990s? a. Texas b. New York c. Florida d. California

d. California

Alberto lives in a Midwestern city and is a regular user of meth. Where does Alberto's supply likely come from? a. kitchen lab b. Vietnam c. Columbia d. Mexico

d. Mexico

If a person wanted to experience the mildest effects from cocaine, how would they ingest it? a. inject a liquid b. smoke a rock c. snort a powder d. chew a leaf

d. chew a leaf

What serves to extend the dangers of methamphetamine use in communities today? a. retail access to pseudoephedrine b. growing use among teenagers c. coordinated organized crime sales d. disposal of biohazard by-products

d. disposal of biohazard by-products

Which of the following is categorized as a behavioral effect of stimulant use? a. elevated respiration b. elevated heart rate c. elevated blood pressure d. elevated demeanor

d. elevated demeanor

Which of the following potential side effects of prescribing amphetamines for ADHD would cause the most concern from a development perspective? a. weight gain b. hormone changes c. poor appetite d. growth delay

d. growth delay

Jason ingested a very high dose of bath salts at a dance club and was rushed to the hospital in an ambulance. What did Jason likely experience? a. low heart rate b. coma c. vomiting d. hallucinations

d. hallucinations

Which of the following commonly develops in a person who takes high doses of stimulant drugs? a. schizophrenia b. phobia c. narcissism d. psychosis

d. psychosis

Which of the following correctly lists amphetamine ingestion methods from shortest to longest onset of effects? a. snorting, smoking, swallowing, injecting b. injecting, snorting, smoking, swallowing c. swallowing, snorting, smoking, injecting d. smoking, injecting, snorting, swallowing

d. smoking, injecting, snorting, swallowing