Chapter 6 Evolve

The blood test that measures the amount of nitrogenous waste in the circulatory system is abbreviated:

BUN

The renal corpuscle is the:

Bowman capsule and the glomerulus

Urethr/o is the combining form for the tube that conducts urine from the kidneys to the bladder. (True or False)

False

A contrast medium is NOT used in which of the following?

KUB

_____, or nephrosis, is an abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney.

Nephrotic syndrome

The abbreviation for the examination of a urine specimen is:

UA

An infection anywhere in the urinary system is described as a(n):

UTI

Mr. James's medical report indicates he is having some edema. From this you know that he has ___.

accumulation of fluid in tissue

Sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes is called:

acute renal failure

Proteinuria is the same as:

albuminuria

Diabetes insipidus is a deficiency of:

antidiuretic hormone

The term in Mrs. O'Malley's medical report that indicates she is having no urination at all is ___.

anuria

A UTI is an infection located:

anywhere in urinary tract infection

Vesicoureteral reflux is:

backflow of urine to the ureter

Which of the following is not a combining form for the cup-shaped area in the central part of the kidney that helps collect urine and aid its passage through the renal pelvis into the ureter?

caly/o

The combining form for cup-shaped structures found in the small basin in the central part of the kidney is ___.

calyc/o

The plural of calyx is:

calyces

A cup-shaped area in the central part of the kidney called a ___ helps collect urine and aids its passage through the renal pelvis, which narrows into the ureter.

calyx

What is a hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or cavity to withdraw or instill fluids?

catheter

Mrs. Allen undergoes dialysis to diffuse and clean her blood through a machine that cycles a solution in and out of her peritoneal cavity at night, using her own peritoneum as a filter to clean her blood. In the morning she can detach her peritoneal catheter from the machine. The best description for Mrs. Allen's treatment is ___.

continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)

The outer portion of the kidney is the:

cortex

The plural of cortex is:

cortices

The test that measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood is called:

creatinine clearance

Vesic/o and __________ both refer to the urinary bladder.

cyst/o

The abbreviation DM stands for ___, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high glucose levels due to either inadequate insulin, resistance to insulin, or a combination of the two.

diabetes mellitus

Ms. White's medical report includes the term "urinary incontinence." From this you know that Ms. White is having ___.

difficulty controlling the bladder in holding urine

An increased volume of urine:

diuresis

Mrs. Waters arrives at the clinic complaining of painful urination, or ___.

dysuria

The term ___ in your patient's medical report indicates that she is having some accumulation of fluid in her tissues.

edema

A five-year-old patient's medical report indicates she experiences involuntary urination, a condition referred to as ___.

enuresis

The medical term for bed-wetting is:

enuresis

The prefix in the term polydipsia refers to:

excessive

Azoturia is:

excessive nitrogenous compounds in the urine

Azotemia is:

excessive urea in the blood

All of the following are terms for expelling urine through the urethra EXCEPT:

excretion

The combining form for the capillaries inside of Bowman capsule is:

glomerul/o

The process of filtering the blood to form urine begins in the:

glomeruli

An inflammation of the capillaries within the renal corpuscle is called:

glomerulonephritis

An inflammation of the capillaries within the renal corpuscle is:

glomerulonephritis

A ___ is one of many tiny balls of renal capillaries that cluster at the entrance to each nephron and is the site for the beginning of the process of filtering the blood to form urine.

glomerulus

Lab test results indicate that Ms. Diaz has an abnormal presence of glucose in her urine, a symptom referred to as ___.

glycosuria

What is the term for a type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine and then returning it to the patient's circulation?

hemodialysis

Terms that end in -cele usually refer to a(n) _______ of an organ or body part.

herniation

The ureter and the renal vein leave the kidney through the:

hilum

A healthy balance of the amount and content of extracellular fluids within the body is:

homeostasis

Renal _____ is high blood pressure secondary to kidney disease.

hypertension

Mrs. Fry's surgeon will install an ___, which is a channel, pipe, or tube that will guide urine from her ureters to her ileum to be excreted through the large intestine.

ileal conduit

Radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done with a contrast medium is:

intravenous pyelography

Ren/o and nephr/o are combining forms for the:

kidney

Which of the following is parenchymal tissue of the urinary system?

kidney

Mr. Jackson will undergo ___ a noninvasive procedure that uses shock waves to crush kidney stones.

lithotripsy

An instrument used to crush a calculus in the urinary bladder is a(n):

lithotrite

A urinometer is an instrument to ___________ the specific gravity of urine.

measure

Which of the following terms describes an incision of the urinary meatus?

meatotomy

The opening to the urethra is the urinary:

meatus

The term for an opening is:

meatus

The inner portion of the kidney is the:

medulla

A term for voiding or expelling urine from the urethra is:

micturition

Which of the following is a malignant tumor?

nephroblastoma

Which of the following is a type of kidney cancer mainly affecting children?

nephroblastoma

The surgeon makes a surgical incision to remove a stone from the patient's kidney, a procedure called ____.

nephrolithotomy

Your patient has a hardening of the arteries of the kidneys. His medical record identifies this as renal sclerosis, a condition which you know is also called ___.

nephrosclerosis

This fiberoptic instrument is used to disintegrate and remove renal calculi:

nephroscope

What is the term for the removal of a kidney stone through a pre-existing opening?

nephrostolithotomy

An opening made in the kidney so that a catheter can be inserted is called:

nephrostomy

Mr. Godwin's physician has scheduled him for ___, which is a radiographic examination of the kidneys.

nephrotomography

Mrs. Quinton's medical report indicates that she has anuria, which is ___.

no urination

Scanty urination is called:

oliguria

What type of biopsy is done through an incision?

open

Physical examination of the urine includes all of the following except:

pH

An inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many renal cysts is called:

polycystic kidney disease

An inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many renal cysts:

polycystic kidney disease

The medical term for excessive thirst is:

polydipsia

The combining form for the renal pelvis is:

pyel/o

Which of the following is a benign tumor?

renal adenoma

Severe pain associated with stones lodged in a ureter is:

renal colic

The most common benign solid renal tumor is:

renal oncocytoma

Which of the following is the most common benign solid renal tumor, composed of abnormal epithelial cells that cluster together in the nephron?

renal oncocytoma

Pyel/o means:

renal pelvis

Urine is collected in the ___________, then travels through the ____________ to the _______________ and is excreted through the ____________.

renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

The urine test that reflects the concentration of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine is called:

specific gravity

The nephronic loop is a synonym for:

the loop of Henle

The ___ is a triangular area of the bladder.

trigone

The ___ is the triangular part of the bladder between the ureters' entrance and the urethral outlet.

trigone

The term for an inflammation of the triangular area of the bladder between the ureters' entrance and the urethral outlet is:

trigonitis

What is a nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver and excreted in the urine?

urea

The ___ is a tube that drains urine from the kidney into the urinary bladder.

ureter

The combining form for the tube that conducts urine from the kidneys to the bladder is:

ureter/o

The combining form for the tube that conducts urine out of the body is:

urethr/o

The tube through which urine exits the bladder is called the ___.

urethra

The medical term for a narrowing of the urethra is:

urethral stenosis

The intense sensation of needing to urinate is known as:

urgency

A patient's medical report includes the term ___. From this you know that he is having difficulty controlling the bladder in holding urine.

urinary incontinence

The term ___ in Mr. Crow's medical report describes his inability to urinate or release urine

urinary retention

The term for stones in the urinary tract is:

urolithiasis

A(n) _____ specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and study of urinary disorders in both sexes.

urologist

The study of the urinary system is called ___.

urology

Which of the following terms describes an incision of the urinary bladder?

vesicotomy

Abnormal back flow of urine from the urinary bladder to the ureter is called ___, and is usually caused by an obstruction, infection, or congenital defect.

vesicoureteral reflux

The hilum is an area in the kidney:

where the ureter exits