Chapter 8: Drugs and Central Nervous System Disorders

The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (parkinsonism) is highest in what age group?

a. age 30-40 > b. above age 60 c. infants d. teenagers

Which is a new class of anti-Parkinson agents that increase patient "on-time"?

a. anticholinergics b. dopamine agonists > c. catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors d. monoamine oxidase inhibitors

With what type of seizure may patients display blank stares, rotating eyes, and rapid blinking; not have generalized convulsions; and have up to 100 occurrences a day?

a. atonic seizure b. absence seizure c. status epilepticus d. grand mal seizure

What is the most common drug therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease?

a. bromocriptine b. dopamine c. levodopa d. benztropine

Which anticonvulsant does not appear to act via GABA receptors and is frequently used to treat neuropathic pain?

a. carbamazepine b. phenobarbital c. gabapentin d. lacosamide

What drug blocks glutamate receptors in patients who have Alzheimer's disease?

a. donepezil b. memantine c. rivastigmine d. galantamine

What are the two neurotransmitters in the brain that play the greatest role in seizures?

a. dopamine and serotonin b. GABA and glutamate c. glutamate and norepinephrine d. ACh and GABA

Bromocriptine, a drug used to treat Parkinson's Disease, is also used to:

a. dry up breast milk. b. treat depression. c. treat migraines. d. help with social phobia.

Which anti-Parkinson's agent is associated with the on-off phenomenon?

a. entracapone b. benztropine c. levodopa d. pramipexole

Which of the following is part of the profile for Alzheimer's disease?

a. fibromyalgia b. hyperactivity c. seizures d. depression

Which of the following anticonvulsants is correctly paired with the process it most likely affects?

a. gabapentin - GABA b. phenytoin - calcium channels c. divalproex - motor cortex d. diazepam - sodium channels

Which of the following Alzheimer's Disease drugs is commercially available as a transdermal patch under the brand name Exelon?

a. galantamine b. rivastigmine c. memantine d. donepezil

A generalized seizure

a. generally result from injury to the cerebral cortex. b. involves both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously. c. is localized in a specific hemisphere of the brain. d. may progress to a partial seizure.

Which of the following drugs has been shown to improve the cognitive function and social behavior of patients with Alzheimer's disease and is sold over the counter?

a. ginkgo biloba b. galantamine c. St. John's wort d. donepezil

Which drug listed below is not used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis?

a. interferon beta-1a b. natalizumab c. donepezil d. mitoxantrone

Parkinson's Disease:

a. is commonly managed using the drug levodopa. b. is a curable and reversable disease with appropriate antibiotic therapy. c. is also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease. d. All of the answers are correct e. Two of the answers are correct

Galantamine:

a. is rarely used because of deaths reported in some of the clinical trials b. Two of the answers are correct c. is marketed under the trade name Sinemet d. is derived from daffodil bulbs e. All of the answers are correct

Akinesia, a characteristic sign of Parkinson's disease, refers to

a. jerky and rigid movement. b. abnormally increased motor function. c. tremors while resting. d. an absence of movement.

Which of the following anticonvulsants is a controlled substance?

a. lamotrigine b. gabapentin c. fosphenytoin d. phenobarbital

Patients and providers must complete risk-benefit evaluations to manage epilepsy during pregnancy with which of the following drugs?

a. lamotrigine b. topiramate c. levetiracetam d. gabapentin

Which neurotransmitter is deficient in the nigrostriatal pathways of patients with Parkinson's disease?

a. levodopa b. acetylcholine c. dopamine d. GABA

What term describes one of two or more compounds that contain the same number of and type of atoms but have different molecular structures?

a. levorotatory b. dextrorotatory c. isomer d. enzyme

Which drug used to treat ADD/ADHD is not a controlled substance?

a. lisdexamfetamine b. dexmethylphenidate > c. atomoxetine d. dextroamphetamine-amphetamine

Carbamazepine has a black box warning for potentially fatal dermatological reactions for which of the following population groups?

a. male patients b. female patients c. Asian patients d. African American patients

Gabapentin:

a. may cause drowsiness. b. is intended to mimic the neurotransmitter GABA. c. Two of the answers are correct d. is marketed under the trade name Neurontin. e. All of the answers are correct

Interferon-beta-1b:

a. may cause flu-like symptoms b. All of the answers are correct c. may cause a photosensitivity reaction d. Two of the answers are correct e. is used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS)

Which of the following multiple sclerosis medications must be stored in the refrigerator but never frozen?

a. mitoxantrone b. glatiramer acetate c. natalizumab d. teriflunomide

Patients with myasthenia gravis experience weakness and fatigue due to

a. neurodegenerative disorder b. degenerative disorder of the brain. c. autoimmune damage to acetylcholine receptors. d. degeneration of the nerves.

Which two neurotransmitters are out of balance in Parkinson's disease?

a. norepinephrine and dopamine b. dopamine and acetylcholine c. acetylcholine and GABA d. serotonin an dopamine

Which of the following anticonvulsant drugs is a GABA enhancer?

a. pregabalin b. levetriacetam c. zonisamide d. valproic acid

Which of the following anticonvulsants is also used to treat manic episodes in bipolar mood disorders?

a. primidone b. valproic acid c. topiramate d. phenobarbital

What is a common side effect of pyridostigmine (Mestinon) for myasthenia gravis?

a. rash b. hypertension c. prolonged QT interval d. salivation

What drug is both a prophylaxis and treatment for influenza, and is also used to treat Parkinson's disease?

a. selegiline b. bromocriptine c. amantadine d. tolcapone

In the OROS, what is the term for the part of a tablet that passes through the stool?

a. shell tablet b. reuse tablet c. ghost tablet d. capsule tablet

Phenytoin:

a. should be diluted with normal saline. b. may be mixed outside of the pharmacy because of rapid percipitation of the drug. c. is marketed under the trade name Dilantin. d. Two of the answers are correct e. All of the answers are correct

Phenytoin:

a. should be discontinued upon the first sign of a rash b. Two of the answers are correct c. All of the answers are correct d. requires routine hepatic and hematologic tests e. is marketed under the trade name Dilantin

Drug therapy for multiple sclerosis seeks to

a. slow the progression of the disease. b. cure the disease. c. decrease the amount of seizure activity. d. relax the patient.

What class of drugs may be used to diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis?

a. sodium channel blockers b. dopamine antagonists c. GABA receptor antagonists > d. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

What term is used to describe continuous tonic-clonic seizures, lasting over 30 minutes, with high fever, and during which consciousness may not return?

a. status epilepticus b. tonic-clonic seizure c. absence seizure d. myoclonic seizure

A ______ seizure is characterized by sudden, massive, brief muscle jerks, or nonmassive, quick jerks of the arms, hands, legs or feet. Consciousness is not lost.

a. status epilepticus. b. tonic-clonic. c. myoclonic. d. atonic.

Methylphenidate, an agent used to treat children with ADD/ADHD, can best be characterized as a(n)

a. stimulant. b. dopamine blocker. c. nonstimulant. d. narcotic.

Dysphagia, a presenting sign of myasthenia gravis, refers to

a. the perception of two images of a single object. b. involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the voluntary muscles. c. difficulty swallowing. d. impairment of the power of voluntary movement

Patients who are taking rasgiline should be advised to avoid which of the following types of food?

a. those that contain tyramine b. fatty foods c. grapefruit d. those that contain vitamin K

The use of what anticonvulsant may result in physical or psychological dependence?

a. valproic acid b. primidone c. tiagabine d. pregabalin

Levodopa causes an "on-off phenomenon" which typically occurs:

a. when a patient drinks grapefruit juice b. years after therapy has been initiated c. within minutes of initial dosing d. when a patient chooses to use a generic medication in lieu of the brand name product

Which statement is true regarding drug therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

a. Only one drug has been approved to prolong patient survival. b. Drug therapy for ALS promotes the release of glutamine in the brain. c. Death is common among patients who take the drug therapy. d. Drug therapy for ALS releases serotonin in the brain.

What combination drug contains levodopa plus an inhibitor of peripheral levodopa metabolism?

a. Tasmar b. Trihexy c. Cogentin d. Sinemet

What is one of the major ways in which antiepileptic medications can interact with each other and with other drugs?

a. They can alter the renal distribution of other drugs. b. They can compete for transporters that affect drug access to the central nervous system. c. They can affect the absorption of other drugs. d. They can displace drugs from their binding sites on plasma proteins.

Atomoxetine:

a. Two of the answers are correct b. is classified as a stimulant medication c. All of the answers are correct d. is used to treat ADHD e. is marketed comercially under the trade name Strattera

A seizure:

a. Two of the answers are correct b. may occur in a patient with epilepsy c. is caused by disordered abnormal electrical discharges in the cerebral cortex d. All of the answers are correct e. may result in a change in behavior of the patient