chapter 9
A chiropractor manipulates joints, specifically the vertebral joints, to correct subluxations. What is another way to state this?
A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations.
Which of the following statements about the vertebral column is INCORRECT?
A herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks through the nucleus pulposus and protrudes into the vertebral canal.
Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident?
A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged
Which of the following statements about these joints is INCORRECT?
All the bones of the skull articulate with one another only through synarthroses.
Which of the following statements about the elbow and knee is true?
Both the elbow and knee are hinge joints.
What type of joint is the knee?
It is a diarthrosis. It is a hinge joint. It is a synovial joint.
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a diarthrosis?
It may be located between the bones of the cranium.
What is the trade off for joints with greater movement?
Joints with greater movement have less stability.
What is a synostosis?
None of the listed responses is correct.
Which of the following statements concerning knee injuries is FALSE?
One of the most rapidly healing knee injuries is a torn ligament.
Which of the following statements about synovial fluid is/are true?
Synovial fluid provides a medium for nutrient distribution in the joint. Synovial fluid contains proteoglycans. Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant within the joint.
Which of the following statements about the hip joint is INCORRECT?
The ligamentum teres tenses every time the hip joint experiences motion.
Surrounding the orbits of the skull are the four paranasal sinuses. What are these structures?
The paranasal sinuses are air-filled chambers lined with mucus-producing epithelium that open into the nasal cavities.
Which of the following is a NOT a likely explanation for the increased occurrence of hip fractures in the elderly?
The proximal epiphysis of the femur has a preponderance of spongy bone, which is weaker than compact bone.
Which of the following occurs as part of osteoarthritis?
There is increased friction. Cartilage breaks down. Cartilage develops shredded surface.
what is a diarthrosis?
a freely movable joint
Tom was experiencing pain, numbness, and weakness after he lifted a heavy box. Which of the following is the most likely injury that occurred?
a herniated intervertebral disc
What is a meniscus?
a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial joint
A bursa is __________ that decreases friction within a synovial joint.
a sac of synovial fluid
An immovable joint is called __________.
a synarthrosis
What is a suture an example of?
a synarthrosis
A movement away from the midline of the body is called
abduction
What is the term for the movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body?
abduction
spreading your toes apart is
abduction
The calcaneus bone is the site of attachment of the calcaneal tendon. The calcaneal tendon is also known as the
achilles tendon
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the scapula at the
acromioclavicular joint
What is the function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in the knee?
all are correct to limit anterior movement of the femur to limit posterior movement of the femur to maintain the alignment of femoral and tibial condyles
A slightly movable joint is a(n)
amphiarthrosis
A slightly movable joint is called __________.
an amphiarthrosis
A symphysis is an example of __________.
an amphiarthrosis
A syndesmosis is an example of __________.
an amphiarthrosis
The joint between the atlas and the occipital bone is an example of __________ joint.
an ellipsoid
Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint?
anterior cruciate ligament
Which structure of the intervertebral disc attaches to the bodies of adjacent vertebra?
anulus fibrosus
The clinical term for joint inflammation is
arthritis
Arthritis always involves damage to the ________ cartilages, but the specific cause can vary.
articular
Bones that participate in a synovial joint have ________ cartilage at the end of each bone.
articular
The location where two bones meet is called a joint or a(n)
articulation.
Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a rotator cuff injury?
baseball pitchers
Where are gliding joints located?
between the sternum and the clavicle between the facet of a rib and a thoracic vertebra articulation between the superior and inferior articulating surfaces of a vertebra All of the listed responses are correct.
Bursae are found in all of the following areas except
blood vessels
The surface of articular cartilage is
both slick and smooth.
rib pairs 8-10 are also called verge-
bronchondral ribs
The head of the radius articulates to the _________ of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna articulates with the _________ of the humerus.
capitulum/ trochlea
Which of the following bones does NOT articulate with ulna?
carpal bones
The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint.
condylar
A condition of abnormal muscle development that distorts bones in joints of the foot, making the foot appear club-like is called
congenital talipes equinovarus
A synovial joint is an example of a(n)
diarthrosis
The hip joint is a __________.
diarthrosis
A freely movable joint is a(n)
diarthrosis.
A ________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position.
dislocation
A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as
eversion
Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension?
extreme bending of the head backwards
rib pairs 8-12 are called
false ribs
The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the
fat pads
Usually found outside the capsule, ________ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.
fat pads
Which of the following bones does NOT articulate with the femur
fibula
The hip and shoulder are multiaxial joints that permit what types of movement?
flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
flexion and extension.
rib pairs 11-12 are called
floating ribs
Which of the following types of movement are permitted at a synovial joint?
gliding eversion retraction flexion
intervertebral articulations are
gliding joints that permit small movements
Monaxial joints are known as ________ joints.
hinge
The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
hinge
The __________ articulates with the __________ like a ball-and-socket.
humerus, scapula
You are standing in the anatomical position. You extend one leg behind you. What is that motion called?
hyperextension
Which one of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
immobilization
Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid?
increases osmotic pressure within joint
Which one of the following joints is INCORRECTLY linked with its components?
interphalangeal—metacarpal to phalanx
Abduction and adduction are movements that _________.
involve only the appendicular skeleton
Which 3 bones are fused together to form the pelvic bone?
ischium, ilium, pubis
An elderly woman enters the doctor's office to undergo a bone density scan to monitor the effects of a prescribed medication on her osteoporosis. She takes off her sweater and the nurse notices that her thoracic curvature is posteriorly exaggerated. What condition may the woman have that would exhibit this "humpback" appearance?
kyphosis
In some individuals, body fat accumulates almost exclusively in the belly region. Because of the enlarged belly, the individual has a swayback appearance. The clinical term for this distortion of the vertebral curvature is called __________.
lordosis
Which vertebrae have the thickest vertebral body?
lumbar
The correct term to identify a dislocated joint is __________.
luxation
During a particularly stressful point in her life, a student suddenly developed a disorder called temporomandibular joint syndrome. As a result she frequently experiences pain and grinds her teeth during sleep. Which two bone markings are directly involved in this disorder?
mandibular fossa and condylar process
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
mechanical support
In a triaxial articulation,
movement can occur in all three axes.
Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes".
occipital bone and atlas
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?
opening the mouth
To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
opposition
Which of these joints is a synarthrosis?
parietal - parietal
Runner's knee results from improper tracking of the patella across the patellar surface. Which structure anchors the patella distally across the patellar surface?
patellar ligment
While skateboarding, a young person suffered a fracture of the nose that resulted in a deviated septum. Which of the following bones or bone markings is most likely attended to during corrective surgery following this accident?
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
The opposite of dorsiflexion is __________.
plantar flexion
Ankle extension is also called
plantar flexion.
Which of the following joint movements is INCORRECTLY described?
plantar flexion—flexion of the ankle to elevate the sole of the foot
The opposite of supination is __________.
pronation
A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by
protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
Which of the following rib descriptions is FALSE?
rib pairs 1-8 are called vertebrosternal ribs
An example of a synchondrosis is the articulation of the
ribs with the sternum.
A pivot joint permits __________.
rotation only
The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum at the ________ joint.
sacroiliac
The carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a __________.
saddle joint
The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.
shoulder
When you run your finger along a person's spine, what part of the vertebrae are you feeling?
spinous process
The movement of the forearm while twisting a doorknob is
supination and pronation.
A suture is an example of a(n)
synarthrosis
an immovable joint is
synarthrosis.
A ligamentous connection such as an antebrachial interosseous membrane is called a
syndesmosis.
Which of these joint types is INCORRECTLY described?
synovial—located only between bones of the skull
The highly mobile joint that allows you to chew and talk is called the
temporomandibular joint
Which of the following joints does NOT allow rotational movement?
the articulation at the sacro-iliac joint
Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because
the knee contains seven major ligaments.
Which of the following joints permits the greatest range of motion in the body?
the shoulder
The elbow joint is extremely stable because
the ulna and humerus interlock.
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?
turning the hand palm upward
When standing in the anatomical position the
ulna is medial to to radius
your hand is pronated when
your palm faces backward
