Chapter 9 Network Naming (DNS)

DNS Domain

Specific branch of the DNS name space. First-level DNS domains include .com, .gov, and .edu.

13

The DNS root for the entire internet consists of _____ powerful DNS server clusters scattered all over the world

AAAA record

The IPv6 DNS host record is referred to as a(n):

Primary and secondary zones

2 types of forward lookup zones are?

Reverse Lookup Zone

A DNS setting that resolves IP addresses to FQDNs. In other words, it does exactly the reverse of what DNS normally accomplishes using forward lookup zones.

secondary zone

A DNS zone containing a read-only copy of all resource records for the zone. Changes can't be made directly on a secondary DNS server, but because it contains an exact copy of the primary zone, it's considered authoritative for the zone.

Primary Zone

A DNS zone containing a read/write master copy of all resource records for the zone; this zone is authoritative for the zone.

TXT record

A _______ record is used to associate any arbitrary text with a hostname. This record type is only used in specific cases such as Domain Keys Identified Mail, used as a method to detect email spoofing.

DNS Root Servers

A bunch of powerful computers dispersed around the world. The highest in the hierarchy of DNS servers running the Internet.

DNS Resolver Cache

A cache used by Windows DNS clients to keep track of DNS information.

DNS tree

A hierarchy of DNS domains and individual computer names organized into a tree-like structure, the top of which is the root.

primary (master), secondary (slave)

A larger scale domain starts with a _______ DNS server and one or more _________ DNS servers.

Hierarchical is better. more flexible. Flat name can never use the same name and has issues when going used for large networks

A naming convention that gives each device only one name that must be unique. NetBIOS uses a flat name space. TCP/IP's DNS uses a hierarchical name space.

Hierarchical Name Space

A naming scheme where the full name of each object includes its position within the hierarchy. An example of a hierarchical name is www.totalseminars.com, which includes not only the host name, but also the domain name. DNS uses a hierarchical name space scheme for fully qualified domain names (FQDNs).

HOSTS file

A plaintext file configured on a client machine containing a list of IP addresses and their associated host names, which can be used for host name resolution as an alternative to DNS. More used back when internet was small.

Server Message Block (SMB)

A protocol used by Windows to share files and printers on a network. Independent and runs on TCP port 445

Pointer Record (PTR)

A record that points IP addresses to host names.

Canonical Name (CNAME) record

Acts like an alias. record that allows you to find a computer by usually a smaller more convenient name

DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

Adds security provisions to DNS so that computers can verify they have been directed to proper servers.

NS record

DNS record identifying a DNS server, usually a redundancy or something.

Both are port 53

DNS servers primarily use UDP port ______ (and sometimes TCP port ____ but not for queries or responses)

Cache-only DNS server

DNS servers that do not have any forward lookup zones. They resolve names of systems on the Internet for the network, but are not responsible for telling other DNS servers the names of any clients.

Authoritative DNS servers

DNS servers that hold the IP addresses and names of systems for a particular domain or domains in special storage areas called forward lookup zones.

no

Do routers forward broadcast messages to other networks?

NetBIOS/NetBEUI

Legacy Microsoft protocol; a predecessor to DNS. When a computer booted up, it broadcast its name (Figure 10-2) along with its MAC address. Other systems heard the message and stored the information in a cache. Any time a system was missing a NetBIOS name, the broadcasting started all over again.

NetBT (NetBIOS over TCP/IP)

Microsoft dropped NetBEUI protocol for what?

Server Message Block

NetBIOS only handles host names while _________ supported folder file sharing.

TCP ports 137 and 139 UDP ports 137 and 138

NetBIOS over TCP/IP uses what ports on TCP and UDP

.com, .org, .net, .edu, .gov, .mil, and .int

Original top level domain names were? there are 7

MX record, stands for mail eXchanger

Records within DNS servers that are used by SMTP servers to determine where to send mail.

Top level domain servers

Servers one level down from DNS root servers are called?

FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)

The complete DNS name of a system, from its host name to the top-level domain name.

Host names

The computer you're looking for on that network

Cached Lookup

The list kept by a DNS serve of IP addresses it has already resolved, so it have to re-resolve an FQDN it has already checked.

SRV record

The locator records within DNS that allows clients to locate an Active Directory domain controller or global catalog.

255 characters

The only limit is that a DNS name can have a maximum of _____________ characters.

Domain Name System (DNS)

The system administered by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names (ICANN) that assigns names to each site on the Internet.

ipconfig

The utility used to display TCP/IP addressing and domain name information in the Windows client operating systems.

True

True or False: NetBIOS was only suitable for small networks.

It provided no logical addressing like IP addresses, all of the broadcasting would have been unacceptable in a larger network

Two reasons NetBIOS couldn't expand into larger networks

DNS server

a computer or a group of computers that maintain a database to enable a computer to know the IP address of a URL

I can't but ICANN. Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

Who has the ability to create new TLD top level domains?

Authoritative Name Server

a DNS server that has a single zone that lists all the host names on the domain and their corresponding IP addresses.

root

at the top of the DNS tree is the _______?

DDNS (Dynamic Domain Name Service)

automatically updates DNS information often in real time.

Start of Authority (SOA) record

defines the general parameters for the DNS zone, including the identity of the AUTHORITATIVE server for the zone.

A record

individual hosts each get their own unique ________ record

top-level domain (TLD)

what do 2nd level DNS servers primarily handle?