Civil war

What effect did the system of sharecropping have on the South after the Civil War? (1) It kept formerly enslaved persons economically dependent. (2) It brought investment capital to the South. (3) It encouraged Northerners to migrate south. (4) It provided for a fairer distribution of farm profits.

(1) It kept formerly enslaved persons economically dependent.

Before the start of the Civil War, many Southern political leaders supported (1) States rights (2) higher tariff rates (3) voting rights for women (4) repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act

(1) States rights

Which constitutional principle was the main focus of the North-South conflicts that led to the Civil War? (1) States rights (2) due process of law (3) separation of powers (4) presidential veto power

(1) States rights

"Uncle Tom's Cabin Stirs Controversy" "Kansas Rocked by Bloody Conflict" "John Brown's Raid Angers South" Which statement about the United States in the 1850s is best supported by these headlines? (1) The nation had grown increasingly divided over the future of slavery. (2) Americans had lost confidence in the plan for Reconstruction. (3) Northern and Southern voters were united in support of popular sovereignty. (4) Support for the abolitionist movement decreased during this period.

(1) The nation had grown increasingly divided over the future of slavery.

What was a major result of the Civil War? (1) The power of the Federal Government was expanded. (2) States rights were reinforced by constitutional amendments. (3) Southern investment capital was used to bring about early industrialization of the region. (4) Most freed blacks became landowning farmers.

(1) The power of the Federal Government was expanded.

As the Civil War ended, which action was supported by President Abraham Lincoln and the Radical Republicans? (1) abolishing the institution of slavery by a constitutional amendment (2) passing Black Codes to guarantee equality for formerly enslaved persons (3) putting Confederate leaders on trial for war crimes (4) ending the military occupation of the South immediately 273 A

(1) abolishing the institution of slavery by a constitutional amendment

In the early 1800s, which factor was most important in the development of Northern manufacturing centers? (1) abundance of water power (2) availability of slave labor in the North (3) development of gold mines (4) access to passes through the Appalachian Mountains

(1) abundance of water power

After the Civil War, the adoption of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments led to (1) greater Federal supremacy over the states (2) the loss of equal rights for minorities (3) an expansion of the power of the states to tax interstate businesses (4) a narrowing of the role of the Federal Government

(1) greater Federal supremacy over the states

What was a major result of the United States Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1) it strengthened the determination of abolitionists to achieve their goals (2) it caused the immediate outbreak of the Civil War (3) it ended the importation of slaves into the United States (4) it increased the power of Congress to exclude slavery from the territories

(1) it strengthened the determination of abolitionists to achieve their goals

In the 1850s, the phrase "Bleeding Kansas" was used to describe clashes between (1) proslavery and antislavery groups (2) Spanish landowners and new American settlers (3) Chinese and Irish railroad workers (4) Native American Indians and white settlers

(1) proslavery and antislavery groups

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Untied States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. - 14th amendment, Section 1, United States Constitution This amendment was adopted in 1868 primarily to (1) protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons (2) make it easier for immigrants to become citizens (3) extend suffrage to settlers on the Great Plains (4) require the federal government to pay the costs of Reconstruction

(1) protect the rights of formerly enslaved persons

"Compromise Enables Maine and Missouri to Enter the Union" "California Joins the Union as Part of Compromise of 1850" "Kansas-Nebraska Act Establishes Popular Sovereignty in the Territories" Which issue is most closely associated with these headlines? (1) status of slavery in new states (2) negotiation of the Oregon Treaty (3) expansion of land for reservations (4) influence of political parties on economic development

(1) status of slavery in new states

The poll tax, the literacy test, and the actions of the Ku Klux Klan were all attempts to limit the effectiveness of (1) the 14th and 15th amendments (2) the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (3) civil rights legislation passed in all states after the Civil War (4) immigration laws such as the Gentleman's Agreement and the Chinese Exclusion Act

(1) the 14th and 15th amendments

A major result of the Reconstruction period was that (1) the former Confederate states were restored to full membership in the Union (2) most African Americans were able to take advantage of education at colleges and universities (3) the two-party political system became stronger in the South (4) sectional differences and the idea of States rights disappeared

(1) the former Confederate states were restored to full membership in the Union

What was a major result of the Reconstruction period? (1) the former Confederate states were restored to full membership in the Union (2) most African Americans were able to take advantage of education at colleges and universities (3) the two-party political system became stronger in the South (4) sectional differences and the idea of States rights disappeared

(1) the former Confederate states were restored to full membership in the Union

The Reconstruction Era ended when congressional Democrats agreed to the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, and the Republicans promised to what? (1) withdraw Federal troops from the South (2) give each freedman 40 acres and a mule (3) do away with the electoral college (4) repeal the 15th amendment

(1) withdraw Federal troops from the South

In the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction, Republicans agreed to (1) withdraw federal troops from the South (2) support the Black Codes (3) award the presidency to Democrat Samuel Tilden (4) accept the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford

(1) withdraw federal troops from the South

Which newspaper headline would have appeared during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War? (1) "Jim Crow Laws End" (2) "Former Slaves Made Citizens" (3) "Supreme Court Issues Dred Scott Decision" (4) "Emancipation Proclamation Issued"

(2) "Former Slaves Made Citizens"

What was a major reason that slavery expanded in the South in the first half of the 1800s? (1) Federal government regulations favored Southern exports. (2) New inventions led to an increase in cotton production. (3) Most early textile mills were built in the South. (4) The federal government encouraged the importation of enslaved persons.

(2) New inventions led to an increase in cotton production.

What was a major feature of the Reconstruction period? (1) A spirit of cooperation existed between the executive and legislative branches. (2) New legislation and constitutional amendments attempted to provide equal rights and opportunities for blacks. (3) New state governments in the South concentrated on ending corruption and enforcing Reconstruction plans. (4) The South rapidly developed into the nation's major industrial center.

(2) New legislation and constitutional amendments attempted to provide equal rights and opportunities for blacks.

Sec.2 . . . All freedmen, free negroes and mulattoes . . . over the age of eighteen years found . . . with no lawful employment or business . . . and all white persons . . . usually associating with freedmen, free negroes or mulattoes on terms of equality, . . . shall be deemed vagrants, and on conviction thereof shall be fined . . . and imprisoned at the discretion of the court.... -Mississippi Black Code This law was most likely passed during the (1) pre-Revolutionary War period (2) Reconstruction Era (3) Great Depression (4) civil rights movement of the 1960's

(2) Reconstruction Era

Which argument did President Abraham Lincoln use against the secession of the Southern States? (1) Slavery was not profitable. (2) The government was a union of people and not of states. (3) The Southern States did not permit their people to vote on secession. (4) As the Commander in Chief, he had the duty to defend the United States against foreign invasion

(2) The government was a union of people and not of states.

Which actions did Southern States take to keep African Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed in this amendment? (1) suspending habeas corpus and denying women the right to vote (2) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests (3) establishing religious and property-holding requirements for voting (4) passing Black Codes and establishing segregated schools

(2) collecting poll taxes and requiring literacy tests

Abraham Lincoln's 1858 warning that "a house divided against itself cannot stand" referred to sectional differences over the (1) treatment of Native American Indians (2) issue of slavery (3) funding for internal improvements (4) treaties with European nations

(2) issue of slavery

After the Civil War, the sharecropping system emerged in the South primarily as a way to (1) diversify agricultural production (2) provide a labor supply to plantation owners (3) give forty acres of land to freedmen (4) guarantee economic equality for African Americans

(2) provide a labor supply to plantation owners

The Compromise of 1877 brought an end to Radical Reconstruction by providing for the (1) resignation of President Rutherford (2) removal of federal troops from Southern states (3) establishment of a system of sharecropping (4) strict enforcement of the 14th amendment

(2) removal of federal troops from Southern states

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free." — Abraham Lincoln, 1858 According to this quotation, Abraham Lincoln believed that (1) slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately (2) sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union (3) the Southern states should be allowed to secede (4) to save the nation, the North should compromise with the South on slavery

(2) sectional differences threatened to destroy the Union

Which form of agriculture was created and became dominant in the South in the decades immediately following the Civil War? (1) homesteading (2) sharecropping (3) ranching (4) cooperative farming

(2) sharecropping

Which statement is a valid generalization about the experience of African Americans during the early Reconstruction period (1865-1870)? (1) They gained economic equality. (2) Their participation in government decreased. (3) They achieved legal rights through constitutional amendments. (4) Their political equality was opposed by most Radical Republicans.

(3) They achieved legal rights through constitutional amendments.

Which statement is accurate about state legislatures in the South following the period of Reconstruction? (1) They established bureaus to assist the freedmen. (2) They provided 40 acres of land and a mule to all former slaves. (3) They tried to deprive the freedmen of their legal rights. (4) They were generally dominated by former slaves.

(3) They tried to deprive the freedmen of their legal rights.

. . . With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. — Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865 This statement reveals President Lincoln's support for (1) a new peace treaty with Great Britain (2) universal male suffrage (3) a fair and generous peace (4) harsh punishment for Confederate leaders

(3) a fair and generous peace

Before the Civil War, the principle of popular sovereignty was proposed as a means of doing what? (1) allowing states to secede from the Union (2) permitting voters to nullify federal laws (3) deciding whether a new state would be a free state or free state (4) overturning unpopular decisions of the Supreme Court

(3) deciding whether a new state would be a free state or free state

What was a common purpose of the three amendments added to the United States Constitution between 1865 and 1870? (1) extending suffrage to Southern women (2) reforming the sharecropping system (3) granting rights to African Americans (4) protecting rights of Southerners accused of treason

(3) granting rights to African Americans

After the Civil War, the purpose of adding the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution was to (1) grant civil and political rights to Native American Indians (2) allow women to become full citizens (3) guarantee African Americans equal treatment under the law (4) extend constitutional rights to new territories

(3) guarantee African Americans equal treatment under the law

The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, resulted in (1) equal rights for women in the United States (2) expanded rights for Native American Indians on reservations (3) increased individual rights for African Americans (4) additional rights for Southern segregationists

(3) increased individual rights for African Americans

Which term refers to the idea that settlers had the right to decide whether slavery would be legal in their territory? (1) nullification (2) sectionalism (3) popular sovereignty (4) southern secession

(3) popular sovereignty

[The registrar] brought a big old book out there, and he gave me the sixteenth section of the constitution of Mississippi, . . . I could copy it like it was in the book, but after I got through copying it, he told me to give a reasonable interpretation and tell the meaning of the section I had copied. Well, I flunked out. Source: A History of the United States Since 1861 The main intent of the literacy test described in the passage was to (1) encourage reform of the political system (2) encourage Mississippi residents to learn about their state's legal system (3) prevent African Americans from exercising a basic right (4) enforce the provisions of the United States Constitution

(3) prevent African Americans from exercising a basic right

Following the Civil War, many Southern states enacted Black Codes to (1) provide free farmland for African Americans (2) guarantee equal civil rights for African Americans (3) restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons (4) support the creation of the Freedmen's Bureau

(3) restrict the rights of formerly enslaved persons

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. . . . I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. . . ." ¾ Abraham Lincoln, 1858 What was the primary cause of the "divided house" referred to in this speech? (1) expansionism (2) war with Mexico (3) slavery (4) the suffrage movement

(3) slavery

The basic constitutional issue resolved by the Civil War was the (1) expansion of the President's war powers (2) extension of the right to vote to all adults (3) supremacy of Federal authority over the states (4) civil liberties of citizens during wartime

(3) supremacy of Federal authority over the states

"You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to 'preserve, protect, and defend' it." -Abraham Lincoln, Inaugural Address, 1861 When President Abraham Lincoln made this statement, he indicated his commitment to (1) allow the Southern States to leave the Union (2) defend the institution of slavery throughout the United States (3) take strong action to maintain the Union (4) make fundamental changes in the United States Government

(3) take strong action to maintain the Union

Sharecropping was a system of farming most common in (1) New England after the Revolutionary War (2) the Middle Atlantic States before the Civil War (3) the Southern States after the Civil War (4) the Pacific Northwest before World War I

(3) the Southern States after the Civil War

". . . Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!" — Daniel Webster, 1830 The principle expressed in this statement was also reflected in (1) Thomas Jefferson's call for nullification of the Alien and Sedition Acts (2) Federalist Party threats during the War of 1812 (3) John Calhoun's defense of States rights (4) Abraham Lincoln's attitude toward Southern secession

(4) Abraham Lincoln's attitude toward Southern secession

Which Supreme Court decision created the need for a constitutional amendment that would grant citizenship to formerly enslaved persons? (1) Marbury v. Madison (2) McCulloch v. Maryland (3) Worcester v. Georgia (4) Dred Scott v. Sanford

(4) Dred Scott v. Sanford

What was the primary reason that slavery became more widespread in the South than in the North? (1) The abolitionist movement was based in the North. (2) The textile industry was controlled by southern merchants. (3) Opposition to slavery by the Anglican Church was stronger in the North. (4) Geographic factors contributed to the growth of the southern plantation system.

(4) Geographic factors contributed to the growth of the southern plantation system.

What was a major result of the Reconstruction Period? (1) The political and economic rights of women were expanded and strengthened. (2) The power of the states increased at the expense of the Federal Government. (3) Racial segregation in United States schools ended. (4) The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were added to the United States Constitution.

(4) The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments were added to the United States Constitution.

What was one major result of the North's victory in the Civil War? (1) The power of the Supreme Court was limited. (2) Slave owners were compensated for their losses. (3) The influence of corporations on government was reduced. (4) The supremacy of the national government was upheld.

(4) The supremacy of the national government was upheld.

During Reconstruction, the Black Codes passed by Southern states were attempts to (1) provide land to former slaves (2) punish former Confederate leaders (3) repeal the Jim Crow laws (4) deny equal rights to African Americans

(4) deny equal rights to African Americans

Before the Civil War, why did slavery expand further in the South rather than in the North? (1) the Constitution contained a clause that outlawed the importation of slaves into the Northern states (2) Congress passed a law forbidding slavery in the North (3) Northern states passed affirmative action legislation (4) geographic conditions in the South encouraged the development of large plantations

(4) geographic conditions in the South encouraged the development of large plantations

How did "Bleeding Kansas," the Dred Scott decision, and John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry have similar effects on the United States? (1) ended conflict over slavery in the territories (2) eased tensions between the North and the South (3) contributed to the formation of the Whig Party (4) made sectional compromise more difficult

(4) made sectional compromise more difficult

Following the Civil War, fewer immigrants settled in the South because (1) most of the new arrivals chose to settle on the Great Plains (2) freedmen had been given most of the available farmland in the South (3) jobs were more plentiful for immigrants on the West Coast (4) more factories that employed unskilled laborers were located in the North

(4) more factories that employed unskilled laborers were located in the North

What was the most important advantage the North had during the Civil War? (1) unified popular support for the war effort (2) superior military leadership (3) economic aid from Great Britain and France (4) more human resources and war material

(4) more human resources and war material

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln maintained that the war was being fought to (1) uphold national honor (2) prevent foreign involvement (3) free all slaves (4) preserve the Union

(4) preserve the Union

In his first inaugural address, President Abraham Lincoln stated his main goal for the nation was to (1) use the vote to resolve the conflict over slavery (2) free all slaves in the United States (3) uphold the Dred Scott decision (4) preserve the Union

(4) preserve the Union

"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges . . . of citizens . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law . . . ." The major purpose of these provisions of the 14th Amendment was to (1) limit the power of the federal government (2) expand the civil rights of women (3) maintain competition in business (4) protect the rights of African Americans

(4) protect the rights of African Americans

"No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges . . . of citizens . . . nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law . . . ." What was the major purpose of these provisions in the 14th Amendment? (1) limit the power of the federal government (2) expand the civil rights of women (3) maintain competition in business (4) protect the rights of African Americans

(4) protect the rights of African Americans

MISS ANTHONY: When I was brought before your honor for trial, I hoped for a broad and liberal interpretation of the Constitution and its recent amendments, that should declare all United States citizens under it protecting aegis [shield]-that should declare equality of rights the national guarantee to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. But failing to get this justice-failing, even, to get a trial by a jury not of my peers-I ask not leniency at your hands-but rather the full rigors of the law.... Source: United States v. Susan B. Anthony, 1873 The constitutional amendments referred to in this statement were ratified to (1) end the importation of slaves (2) increase federal revenue (3) institute national Prohibition (4) provide legal rights to African Americans

(4) provide legal rights to African Americans

The Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) was significant because it (1) allowed slavery in California (2) outlawed slavery in the Southern States (3) upheld the actions of the Underground Railroad (4) ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories

(4) ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories

The constitutional controversy that led directly to the start of the Civil War concerned the right of states to (1) control tariff rates (2) sign treaties with foreign nations (3) redraw congressional districts (4) secede from the Union

(4) secede from the Union

How did the Civil War affect the Northern economy? (1) causing a severe depression (2) increasing unemployment rates (3) decreasing demand for agricultural products (4) stimulating industrialization

(4) stimulating industrialization

The power relationship that changed most as a result of the Civil War was the increase in the power of what? (1) the individual over the state (2) the military over the civilian population (3) the Congress over the President (4) the Federal Government over the states

(4) the Federal Government over the states

The information provided by the map best supports the conclusion that (1) the South's transportation system was more efficient (2) most railroads were owned and operated by the United States government (3) the transcontinental railroad linked the West and the South (4) the North had transportation advantages by the start of the Civil War

(4) the North had transportation advantages by the start of the Civil War

Which event was the immediate cause of the secession of several Southern states from the Union in 1860? (1) the Dred Scott decision, which declared that all prior compromises on the extension of slavery into the territories were unconstitutional (2) the Missouri Compromise, which kept an even balance between the number of free and slave states (3) the raid on the Federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, which was led by the militant abolitionist John Brown (4) the election of President Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the spread of slavery into the territories

(4) the election of President Abraham Lincoln, who opposed the spread of slavery into the territories

During the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877), the 15th amendment was adopted to grant African Americans (1) educational opportunities (2) economic equality (3) freedom of speech (4) voting rights

(4) voting rights