combined, Chapter 36 Patients with Special Challenges, Chapter 35 --> Geriatric Emergencies, Chapter 34: Pediatric Emergencies Practice Questions, Chapter 34 --> Pediatric Emergencies, EMT Chapter33, EMT Chapter 33- Obstetrics & Neonatal Care eBook p...

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A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: Select one: A. croup. B. asthma. C. bronchitis. D. epiglottitis

A

Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because: Select one: A. their chest walls are thinner. B. the size of their lungs amplifies the sounds. C. the chest cavity is small in proportion to the rest of the body. D. children typically have upper airway problems.

A

Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. anxiety. B. hypoxia. C. brain injury. D. drugs.

A

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. sunken fontanelles. B. headache and fever. C. a stiff or painful neck. D. altered mental status.

A

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Select one: A. neonatal period. B. toddler period. C. start of infancy. D. premature phase.

A

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Select one: A. at the feet. B. at the head. C. in the ambulance. D. en route to the hospital.

A

Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct? The infant is unable to turn his or her head and focus. The infant should be aroused easily from a sleeping state. At this age, the infant typically sleeps for up to 8 hours a day. A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger.

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

A. Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction.

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

A. Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy?

A. Seizure disorder

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

A. all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

A. disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: Select one: A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. B. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

B

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. infection. B. hyperglycemia. C. electrolyte imbalances. D. poisonings or ingestion.

B

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Select one: A. extreme restlessness. B. drooling or congestion. C. skin that is cool and dry. D. acute respiratory distress.

B

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: Select one: A. determine if the child's vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. C. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

B

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: Select one: A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. D. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

B

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: Select one: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. C. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. D. rely solely on the parent for information.

B

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: Select one: A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. B. have a female EMT remain with her if possible. C. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury. D. immediately report your suspicions to the parents.

B

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients? Select one: A. Drug and alcohol ingestion B. Hypertension C. Seizure D. Hypoglycemia

B

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: Select one: A. deliver 5 rescue breaths. B. palpate for a carotid pulse. C. categorize him as deceased. D. categorize him as immediate.

B

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

B. Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

B. avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

B. rupture of a central vein.

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:

B. secretions can build up in and around the tube.

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

B. try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.

Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children?

Blood pressure

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? Select one: A. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds B. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min C. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg D. Pulse rate greater than 120/min

C

A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: Select one: A. cerebral edema. B. hypoglycemia. C. abdominal distention. D. chest pain

C

Pale skin in a child indicates that the: Select one: A. child is in severe decompensated shock. B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. child's core body temperature is elevated. Next

C

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially? Select one: A. What time did the ingestion occur? B. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? C. Why did your child ingest the poison? D. Do you know what substance was ingested?

C

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Select one: A. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene B. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution C. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver D. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury

C

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Select one: A. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. C. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night. D. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

C

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Select one: A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. C. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

C

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

C. As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

C. Using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

C. prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

C. tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? A. The tracheal rings of a child are more rigid than an adult's. B. A child's tongue is proportionately smaller than an adult's. C. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. D. The child's epiglottis is less floppy and smaller than an adult's.

Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults.

Which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?

Conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy.

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Select one: A. excessive tearing. B. moist oral mucosa. C. bulging fontanelles. D. absent urine output.

D

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. hot items on a stovetop. B. scalding water in a bathtub. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. D. entrapment in a structural fire.

D

When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. signs of illness, including medication, humidifiers, and thermometers. B. the general condition of the house. C. the site where the infant was discovered. D. the temperature of the room.

D

A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight.

D. 30% or more

Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?

D. Patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

D. a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is correct?

Hearing aids cannot restore hearing to normal levels.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the exact extent and prevalence of elder abuse is unknown?

Human resource agencies fail to investigate.

For which of the following conditions would you MOST likely encounter a ventricular peritoneum shunt?

Hydrocephalus

Which of the following statements regarding suicide in the older patient is correct?

Older patients tend to use more lethal means than younger patients.

Which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?

Patients with a gastrostomy tube may still be at risk for aspiration.

Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?

The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.

Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct?

They can usually identify painful areas when questioned.

Osteoporosis is defined as:

a decrease in bone mass or density

Characteristic anatomic features of Down syndrome include:

a round head with a flat occiput.

You receive a call for a sick person. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 75-year-old male, lying unresponsive in his bed. His respirations are slow and irregular and his pulse is slow and weak. His daughter tells you that he fell the day before, but refused to allow her to call 9-1-1. His past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, deep vein thrombosis, heavy alcohol use, and liver cirrhosis. His medications include blood thinners and vitamins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

a subdural hematoma.

When assessing an older patient who has multiple bruises in various stages of healing, the EMT should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

accuse a caregiver of physical abuse.

A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should suspect:

an aortic aneurysm

Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include:

an ineffective cough

EMTs are dispatched for a patient whose central venous catheter is malfunctioning. When they arrive and assess the patient, they find bleeding from the tubing attached to the line. The EMTs should:

apply direct pressure to the tubing and transport.

You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma on the back of his head. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. His pulse is slow and bounding. You should:

assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center.

If suctioning of the tracheostomy tube is necessary, the EMT should:

attempt to use the patient's suction device first because it is probably already sized correctly.

An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:

be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement.

body

Syncope in the older patient is:

caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Vagal nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with:

chronic seizure disorders.

As a person ages, the heart may enlarge as a result of:

chronically increased after load

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):

colostomy

You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. You should:

determine the patient's baseline mental status.

Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient this way but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:

direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.

When caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should:

establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plan to help.

Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of:

failure of the respiratory system.

Good general communication techniques with the elderly include:

frequently asking the patient if he or she understands

A service dog is easily identified by its:

harness.

EMS personnel would MOST likely be called to the residence of a patient receiving home health care when the home care provider:

has recognized a change in the patient's health status.

The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:

help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.

In contrast to delirium, dementia:

is usually considered irreversible.

The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child:

may not be possible if the child's condition is critical.

In contrast to conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is caused by:

nerve damage.

You respond to a residence for a 9-year-old female with Down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:

open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct.

EMTs are dispatched for a patient in cardiac arrest. When they arrive, they find that the patient is pulseless and apneic and is wearing an external defibrillator vest. In this situation, the EMTs should:

perform CPR and leave the vest in place.

After using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:

perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs.

Autism is defined as a:

pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction.

To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: A. place bulky padding behind his or her occiput. B. place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders. C. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. D. hyperextend the neck to ensure adequate alignment.

place a towel or folded sheet behind the shoulders.

A productive cough, fever, and chills in an 80-year-old patient with a compromised immune system should make you MOST suspicious for:

pneumonia

The use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called:

polypharmacy

Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are:

proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly.

When performing your secondary assessment on an older patient who has been injured, it is important to:

recall that it will take a less severe mechanism of injury to cause significant injuries.

In contrast to an automated implanted cardioverter/defibrillator, an internal cardiac pacemaker:

regulates the patient's heart rate if it falls below a preset value.

You are dispatched to a residence for an 80-year-old female who fell. When you arrive, you find the patient conscious, lying in a recumbent position on the floor in her living room. In addition to providing the appropriate treatment, you should ask the patient if:

she became dizzy or fainted before falling.

Common associated conditions in patients with spina bifida include all of the following, EXCEPT:

spastic limb movement.

An important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves:

speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient.

When caring for a geriatric patient with a traumatic injury, it is important to consider that:

the injury may have been preceded by a medical condition.

In contrast to a living will, a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order becomes valid when:

the patient develops cardiac arrest

When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that:

they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure.

You receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month-old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infant's mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed four times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should:

transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you.

The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to:

use a length-based resuscitation tape measure.

The tip of a central venous catheter rests in the:

vena cava.