Concepts of the Automotive Industry

Is the automobile industry about cars? (true or false)

False

Where was gasoline sold in 1886?

Gasoline was sold in drug stores and it was used as a leather cleaner.

What was the first fuel used in self-propelled machines?

Gunpower

Peugeot

He began producing cars in France; Peugeot and Panhard and Levassor made cars under Daimler and Peugeot license. Peugeot was the first mass producer of automobiles. The French public were buying cars and this triggered the first wave of mass motorization in Europe Peugeot developed a quadricycle (4-wheel bike) very similar to the Daimler quad.

What innovative idea did de Roches invent?

He invented the idea of compressing the flue mixture in an internal combustion engine. He invented the principle of the 4 stroke engine. Important to know that he never made a functioning engine but he came up with the concept of compressing the gas/fuel mixture and the concept of the 4 stroke engine.

What does ICE mean?

ICE means Internal Combustion Engine

Four fundamental concepts of the automobile industry the first is a technological challenge.

In Europe car makers are consistently trying to improve vehicles for example improving seats for comfort, or improving the engines for better gas mileage

Electric cars

In the late 19th century the most popular form of automobiles were electric cars

What is the technological dimension?

In the technological dimension cars include solutions to technological challenges and technical innovation for example blind spot monitoring devices are useful for highspeed highways however this device would not be helpful in the city of Mexico when there is always someone in your blind spot.

Emile Levassor

Invented the auto to its current form. Levassor's automobile architecture became the standard design for all cars through the next centry and into the 21st century. Other inventions include: 1. radiator mounted in the front of the vehicle 2. First crankshaft I linking the engine with gearing 3. first clutch 4. first transmission (gear stick situated between the seats to operate the gear box)

What is the name of the first fourth wheel practical motorcar?

Is is called the Daimler and Maybach Motor Carriage in 1886.

Who designed and used a timed vibrator to ignite a fuel mixture?

Karl Benz

Where does kerosene come from?

Kerosene comes from oil that is boiled and one of by-products left after the process is kerosene is gas. At this time in history there wasn't a need or use for gas. However, only 40% of the oil was converted to kerosene and 60% gas was dumped in rivers and lakes because there wasn't a use for gas.

Technology knowledge

Knowing how an engine works requires the knowledge of combustion, engine pressure, volatility which is applied to auto mobility however, this knowledge was not wide spread compared to the amount for knowledge that scientists technology until the 1860's. The only thing people know at the time was the principle of gravity.

What did Lenoir develop?

Lenoir developed the first petrol engine; 2 stroke and one cylinder. Used coal gas to run the engine.

What is the Red Flag Act?

Locomotive Acts were developed in England because at the time trains to move both people and goods. Unfortunately, steam powered cars were seen as a threat to the railroads; The rail owners wanted to keep people from using their own personal transportation. According to the Red Flag Act 1865 steam powered cars could only travel 4 miles per hour in the country side and 2 miles per hour in the city. Not only was speed limited but someone had to walking in front of the steam car waving a red flag. Waving a red flag was a warning to horse drawn carriages and to let women know there was a steam powered vehicles approaching ( this was a social dimension)

Who invented the carburetor?

Maybach invented the carburetor. He also attached a carburetor into a smaller engine.

George Baldwin Selden

New York Patent lawyer - designed is own, smaller version of the internal combustion engine for use in a small vehicle. Filed for a patent in 1870, Sheldon had the concpet but he ever bulity the car. Selden's patent was granted in 1895 For sometime, Selden claimed royalties from other American motor companies becuase he patented the "Road Engine" in America. What did this mean for Seldon? Other manufacturers had to pay Sledon a royalty for every car they produced. Henry Ford eventuall refused to pay Selden, breadking Shelden's patent

Why was Otto (1860's to 1870's) a very important person?

Otto made improvements on Lenoir's engine. Otto was aware of the concept of compressed fuel ( compressing the fuel in the cylinder before using a spark). Otto and Langan Engine 1864 - developed an engine that is more powerful than steam; they produced a 3hp engine in 1860. However there were a couple of problems with the first engine (it was too big)

What type of engine did Otto produce?

Otto produced the 4 stroke engine as a stationary engine; stationary engines were used in factories at the time therefore, Otto sold stationary engines to many businesses.

Who was the first driver of the gas powered motorcycle (1885)?

Paul Daimler

What are people asking about during this time?

People are asking which car is best How was that done? With car races

Trevithinck (1801-1803)

Pioneered the development of a high pressured engine in England however could not run on roads because England did not have roads at the time.

Oliver Evans

Pioneered the development of high pressured steam engine in the US. He also obtained exclusive rights to operate steam powered vehicles on public roads in the US (took him 17 years.

System Pandard (1891)

Responsible for putting the engine in the front of the car Used 4 wheel instead of three for more passenger space Transfered the previous architecture from the pre-existing architecture ( the 4 wheel carriage to a 4 wheel auto) the new architecture. Back wheel larger than the front wheels. No steering wheel ( hadn't been invented), transmission only forward gear. Remember this is a social dimension: This vehicle had two seas that could carry another person. People began to realized the new purpose of PEM. People began travelling for pleasure.

What is a soporific?

Soporific was used as a muscle inhibitor; gas was used as an anesthetic however because people could not move a muscle (muscle inhibitor) the gas prevented people from speaking.

What is unique about the Bordino Steam Carriage?

The Bordino steam carriage has 2 cylinders instead of 1; the more cylinders the more power.

What is the automobile industry about?

The auto industry is about PEM (Personal Electro/Mechanical Mobility) hence the industry provides mobility; without a source of mobility individuals have restricted access to resources. If you have a bike your mobility is limited to your surrounding area however if you have a compact car you are able to travel further resulting in access to more resources.

What countries are in the triad?

The countries that are in the triad are Europe, America and Japan

What is the cultural dimension?

The cultural dimension is that cars are designed according to perceived or real cultural conditions for example in some places the use of a adaptive cruise control is useless. Cruise control is helpful is some areas in the world however it would not be helpful in Japan.

What is the environmental dimension?

The environmental dimension cars reflect environmental considerations for example tail pipe emissions.

When was the first electric car invented?

The first electric car was invented in Europe in 1834.

When did Daimler/Maybach develop the first petrol powered land vehicle?

The first petrol powered engine was a motorcycle and it was developed in 1866.

What is the geographical dimension?

The geographical dimension cars reflect the geographic conditions for example where you live will determine the type of car one might purchase. SUV or a small compact car

Who developed the lead acid battery?

The lead acid battery was developed by Gason Plante. (France 1834-1889)

The economic dimension?

The more money you earn, one can purchase a fancier car.

What is the name of the world's first gasoline land vehicle with more than 2 wheels?

The name of the vehicle was called Benz Patent Motowagen. this car completed a 1 km trip. Is historically important because Benz patent for the motor car is the birth certificate.

What is the political dimension?

The political dimension is when cars are used as political tools and to promote political philosophies for example if is mandatory for people to have a drivers license to drive a car, also people are required by law to have insurance on the vehicle they drive.

What is the social dimension?

The social dimension is that cars are adapted for changing social conditions for example you might decide to purchase a mini van when you have children.

What year did Daimler/Maybach develop a petrol powered engine?

They developed a petrol powered engine in 1886 and it was put in a stage coach ( this was the invention of the world's first motor coach.

Who are Barsani and Matteucci? (BAM)

They invented the first spark ignition engine in England in 1853.

Another concept is cars are a means for mobility while conserving resources.

This concept is very important in Japan because resources are limited.

The most significant social development of the modern industry happen in Western democracies.

This is known as a political dimension.

What is the Pyreolophore?

This was critically important for the development of engines; designed a fuel injection system.

What did Thomas Turnball invent in 1851?

Turnball developed a self-propelled vechicle which was known as a 3 -wheeled wonder in New Brunswick - St. Johns.

What is important about the grandfather clock (Daimler/Maybach)?

Using the concept of a grandfather clock ( because of all intricate and complex parts)

What did Lenoir introduce?

Was the first person to introduce the idea of mixing fuel with air and putting it on fire (Introduction of coal gas). The first spark ignition internal combustion engines was called atmospheric engines. Atmospheric engine did not compress gas the fuel was put into the cylinder and then it was ignited.

Psychological factor

With the introduction of bicycles an awareness and needs was recognized for PEM. Individuals realized that mechanical transportation could be achieved by one who owns a bicycle. Previously people did not travel long distances - bicycles are a mechanical device when used a person could travel a long distance.

What does the word care mean in Celitic?

cirrus

La Jamais Conte

developed the first road vehicle to go over 60 miles per hour, also a battery powered car

What is the difference between an engine and a motor?

1. Engine runs on combusion 2. A motor uses electricity

Electrobat (1887)

Beginning of the first taxis ( commercially successful)

The final concept is that cars are used for utilitarian purposes.

Cars are just used for practical purpose this is a global concept.

Important facts about Levassor

Levassor owned a wood compnay that made the machinery to make furniture ( at this time in history autos were made from wood for example the frame) Levassor's new structural design was called "System Panhard" named after the Panhard et Levassor compnay rather than the actual inventor Emile Levassor

Who are The Niepce Brothers (France) 1807

The Niepce brothers (1807) invented the concept of fuel injection. They used lydopodium mixed with coal dust which become fuel that could be injected into a cylinder.

What were the consequences of the Red Flag Act?

The act limited the development of automobiles in personal transportation in order to protect the railroads resulting in limited brands of cars being produced in England. This delay gave the Germans, French, and Americans an advantage. The British did not develop automotive technology because there was not incentive. Remember England was the center of the world's industry at the time except for cars.

What is the important point to remember about DeRochas?

The important point is DeRochas came up with the principle of the 4 stroke internal combustion engine. and Otto developed the engine using Otto's theory. (patent rules)

Renault (1899 - 1999)

one of the most successful car compnaies

Steinway and Sons

(1891) in New York Daimler and Steinway (contract) this is known as the first international agreement in the auto industry. However, there were problems: it was very expensive to import engines and Europe and the cars were too complex to make.

World's First car race

(1894) the purpose was to test the technology of the time. P+L and Peugeot organized the world's first race to see if the cars worked. The race was between Paris andRouen there were 102 entrants and 21 qualified for the 78-mile race. As a result of the races people would invest in the winners of the race. At this time automobile BRANDS was established named for the inventor for example Benz.

There are 3 important points to remember

1. Benz motorwagen transformed human society because the auto gave people PEM ad changed the world for individuals 2. Gutenberg printing press: provided people with ideas and concepts in print that could be discussed. 3. Magna Carte: an agreement between English parliament and the King of England. The King gave power to parliament to make changes through their elected representatives.

What are the first two factors in the early development of transportation?

1. French roads 2. German engineering

What are some important points about Panhard and Levassor (1886)?

1. Levassor was the most important person in the automotive industry because he suggested that the engine should be moved to the front of the auto because it would be easier to install and also the engine would be easier to manufacture. Levassor is considered to be the architect of the modern automobile because he moved the engine to the front.

Short answer questions

1. What were the 3 main requirements of the Red Flag Act? 2. Explain the reasons why the Red Flag Act was enacted? 3. What is the modern consequence of the Red Flag ? 4. Why is there not a patent o the Otto Engine?

Who is Karl Benz?

1. is considered to be the father of the modern automobile 2. He also developed the world's first vehicle with more than 2 wheels.

De Dion-Bouton

1. motor trike 2. first sexy ad in the auto industry 3. The world's biggest carmaker (1899) known as the "The First People's Car"

Who is Bertha Benz ?

1. she was an engineer 2. she was the first person and the first woman to drive a long distance in a gasoline powered vehicle (65 miles).

When was the Industrial Revolution?

1830 - 1870

Why was France the center of the automotive industry?

3 reasons 1. France had engineering schools. 2. France had a road system because they were constantly at war with other countries. Franc also had the support from the government in the form of taxes to pay for the roads.

Renault Voiturette

3 speed gear box connect to a crankshaft

What is the definition of an automobile?

A method of transport with 4 wheels, a steering wheel and an internal combustion engine with the possibility of carrying passengers - sitting facing forward.

What was the first mechanically powered vehicle?

A small boat

Another concept is that cars are a tool for making money.

Americans all about making a profit

Benz

Benz Velo (1893) 4 wheel car instead of 3 wheels this care known as a runabout (this auto had the engine in the rear ) Benz Victoria (1893) Touring 4 wheels Benz became the first to have 2 models for a car and was the largest manufacturer of automobiles in the 19th Century

Who invented the automobile?

Benz and Daimler

What is interesting about Kerosene?

Between 1861-1870 kerosene was used for lighting it is known as illuminating gas (kerosene lamp was very popular)

Why are bicycles important?

Bicycles were made before cars; bicycle technology helped with the development of cars. Bikes used for personal transportation gave everyone the idea of personal mobility. Soon people were using bikes for pleasure and recreation. People began using bikes for pleasure not only for work this cultural change gave people the personal freedom and affordability.

Maybach's "Staahlradwagen" and Peugeot's "motorized quadricycle"

Both were shown in the 1889 Paris Exhibition. Neither inventor sold anything becuase the main attraction wass the Eiffel Tower. What was the purpose of the expo's? To show public new and innovative ideas

Which inventor used kerosene for fuel?

Brayton (American) used kerosene as fuel. The engine was called the Ready Engine (2-stroke engine). This engine was an atmospheric engine.

What was important about the carriage industry?

Carriage industry provided the structure for automobiles because of their architecture; bicycles provided the technology for automobiles

Who invented the first 2-stroke engine?

Clerk (1876) he put this engine in a railway engine

Quadra-cycle Peugeot 1890

Commerical cars sold with Daimler Engines

Who invented the first land base automobile for military purposes?

Cugnot

Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG)

DMG was a public compnay called Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft and the purpose of the company to sell gasoline engines.

Significant date at the Paris Exposition in 1889

Daimler and Benz both attended the Paris Exposition where people could view all of the new innovative technology of the time. However in 1889 there was very little interest because in 1889 the Effial Tower opened; people were more interested in seeing the structure (considered to be the tallest structure of the time).

What is an important point about about Daimler-Maybach and patent fees?

Daimler and Maybach were looking for a way to avoid paying Otto a patent fee so they hired a lawyer and the lawyer discovered that DeRachas developed the concept of the 4-stroke engine. As a result, it would be impossible for Otto to get a patent because Otto needed both the illustration and the engine.

Point to remember

Daimler engine built like a grandfather clock had a contract with Levassor and Levassor transferred the agreemtn to Peugeot ( remember Peugeot manufactured bicyles)

Why did Daimler and Maybach develop a partnership?

Daimler partnered with Maybach. Maybach was convinced that a 4-stroke engine was a viable option. Maybachis idea was using a lighter design there could be an increase in speed. All work between Daimler and Maybach was done in secret.

What are some important facts about Otto and Daimler?

Daimler was working for Otto as his chief engineer. Daimler thought he might be able to make the 13 foot engine smaller. However Otto was not interested in making the engine smaller. Daimler was certain that he could produce a smaller engine with the same horsepower, a smaller engine could be used for transportation. (patent fees; check your notes) Daimler quit

Who developed the hot-tube?

Daimler-Maybach developed the hot-tube was used to ignite the gas\oil mixture. This early device that fit into the head of an internal combustion engine. It was used to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by means of a flame heating part of the tube.

Orukter: Amphiboles

Developed both an aquatic and land vehicle. This was used for commercial purposes to clean out canals in Eastern US - waterways needed to be free of mud and dirt.

Peugeot

Developed his own car with his own name - very popular brand.

Dunlop (1897)

Developed pneumatic tires. The purpose of the pneumatice tire was to reduce damage to the fragile battery plates.

Who was the first automobile agent?

Emile Roger was the first automobile agent hired by Benz to sell cars.