CTI-120 Cybersecurity chapters 1-6 quizzes
Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification?
watermarking
Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied.
IPsec, CHAP, and PKI
What does the acronym IoE represent?
Internet of Everything
Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms?
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), and Secure Shell (SSH)
What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform?
authorization
What are three access control security services?
authorization, accounting, and authentication
What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication?
backdoor
Which type of cipher is able to encrypt a fixed-length block of plaintext into a 128-bit block of ciphertext at any one time?
block
What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data?
privacy
What three design principles help to ensure high availability?
provide for reliable crossover, eliminate single points of failure, and detect failures as they occur
What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates?
x.509
What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature?
Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document.
What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Cross-site scripting
What type of attack uses many systems to flood the resources of a target, thus making the target unavailable?
DDoS
What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms?
DSA, ECDSA, and RSA
What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange?
ECC
A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use?
HMAC
A user has completed a six month project to identify all data locations and catalog the location. The next step is to classify the data and produce some criteria on data sensitivity. Which two steps can the user take to classify the data?
Identify sensitivity of the data. Establish the owner of the data.
What is a strength of using a hashing function?
It is a one-way function and not reversible.
What is an example of an Internet data domain?
What are two common hash functions?
MD5 and SHA
What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?
NAS
What are three types of sensitive information?
PII, classified, and business
What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user?
SQL injection
a fingerprint scan
Something you are
An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?
The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
What are two methods that ensure confidentiality?
authentication and encryption
What does the term BYOD represent?
bring your own device
Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found?
brute force
What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes?
confidentiality
social steganography
creating a message that say one thing but means something else to a specific audience
What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes?
cryptology
Which two methods help to ensure data integrity?
data consistency checks and hashing
What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy?
defines legal consequences of violations, gives security staff the backing of management, and sets rules for expected behavior
A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented?
deterrent
A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person?
digital signature
A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack?
digital signature
Steganalysis
discovering that hidden information exists within a graphic file
Pick three types of records that cyber criminals would be interested in stealing from organizations.
education, employment, and medical
A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing?
entity integrity
Which three processes are examples of logical access controls?
firewalls to monitor traffic, intrusion detection system (IDS) to watch for suspicious network activity, and biometrics to validate physical characteristics
What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule?
format, size, and range
What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube?
goals
What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause?
hactivist
Steganography
hiding data within an audio file
What are three examples of administrative access controls?
hiring practices, policies and procedures, and background checks
What are the three states of data?
in-process, at rest, and in-transit
What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain?
integrity, availability, and confidentiality
Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys?
key length and key space
A user is redesigning a network for a small company and wants to ensure security at a reasonable price. The user deploys a new application-aware firewall with intrusion detection capabilities on the ISP connection. The user installs a second firewall to separate the company network from the public network. Additionally, the user installs an IPS on the internal network of the company. What approach is the user implementing?
layered
obfuscation
making a message confusing so it is harder to understand
What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version?
masking
What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?
modification
What does a rootkit modify?
operating system
A user was hired as the new security officer. One of the first projects was to take inventory of the company assets and create a comprehensive database. Which three pieces of information would the user want to capture in an asset database?
operating systems, workstations, and hardware network devices
What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?
phishing
A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website?
poor input validation
A security breach has happened at a major corporation. The incident team has responded and executed their incident response plan. During which phase are lessons learned applied?
post-incident
A team has been asked to create an incident response plan for security incidents. In what phase of an incident response plan does the team get management approval of the plan?
preparation
A user is evaluating the network infrastructure of a company. The user noted many redundant systems and devices in place, but no overall evaluation of the network. In a report, the user emphasized the methods and configurations needed as a whole to make the network fault tolerant. What is the type of design the user is stressing?
resilient
What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting?
reverse lookup tables, rainbow tables, and lookup tables
Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same?
salting
What name is given to a amateur hacker?
script kiddie
A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC?
secret key and message digest
Thwarting cyber criminals includes which of the following?
sharing cyber Intelligence information and establishing early warning systems
Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website?
smishing
What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?
sneaker net
For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity?
something you are, something you know, and something you have
a password
something you know
What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?
spear phishing
A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software?
spyware
What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file?
steganography
What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time?
stream
Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls?
swipe cards, locks, and video cameras
What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data?
symmetric
What is the purpose of CSPRNG?
to generate salt
A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting?
A salt should not be reused. A salt should be unique for each password. A salt must be unique.
Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?
AES
What is the workforce framework category that includes highly specialized review and evaluation of incoming cybersecurity information to determine if it is useful for intelligence?
Analyze
What are two common indicators of spam mail?
The email has no subject line. The email has misspelled words or punctuation errors or both.
Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol?
The key is transmitted in clear text. The key is static and repeats on a congested network.
A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction?
The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear.
What are two ways to protect a computer from malware?
Use antivirus software. Keep software up to date.
What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?
VPN
What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
Worms self-replicate but viruses do not.
What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer?
a buffer overflow
What is the meaning of the term logic bomb?
a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code
A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this?
a type of ransomware
What does the term vulnerability mean?
a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack
What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups?
adware
What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?
algorithm
What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?
asymmetric
A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded?
Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded.
Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key?
Diffie-Hellman
An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this?
bluesnarfing
Security Key Fob
something you have
What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
transposition
What two methods help to ensure system availability?
up-to-date operating systems and equipment maintenance
What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target?
urgency and intimidation
What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?
version control