Diabetes Pharm PrepU

A client, being evaluated for diabetes, asks how a blood glucose test is used to diagnosis this disease. What is the nurse's best response? A. "A fasting blood sugar result of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or more on two separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes." B. "A fasting blood sugar result of 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) or more on two separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes." C. "A fasting blood sugar result of 100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) or more and an A1C of more than 6 on two separate occasions are diagnostic of diabetes." D. "Two consecutive glycosylated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1C) results of 6 or more are diagnostic of diabetes."

A. "A fasting blood sugar result of 126 mg/dL (6.99 mmol/L) or more on two separate occasions is diagnostic of diabetes."

A client with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose? A. "The different onsets and peaks of the two types provide better overall glucose control." B. "NPH prevents regular insulin from being broken down in the body, allowing the use of a lower dose." C. "The combination negates the risk of adverse effects that would likely accompany a single, larger dose.." D. "NPH stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin, while regular insulin provides your body's short term needs."

A. "The different onsets and peaks of the two types provide better overall glucose control."

A 54-year-old male client is diagnosed with chronic renal failure and hyperglycemia. He asks if he can be prescribed sulfonylurea because it works well for his friend. If he were to be given sulfonylurea, this client's renal impairment may lead to what effect? A. Accumulation and hypoglycemia B. Accumulation and hyperglycemic reactions C. Decreased absorption of the sulfonylurea D. Hypersensitivity to sulfonylurea

A. Accumulation and hypoglycemia

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed a meglitinide. What instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the patient? A. Avoid drug administration in the case of a skipped meal. B. Take the drug one hour before the meal. C.Report respiratory distress or muscular aches. D. Use commercial weight-loss products with the drug.

A. Avoid drug administration in the case of a skipped meal.

What should be the nurse's initial response when a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy? A. Perform a blood sugar analysis. B. Have the client drink a 4-ounce glass of orange juice. C. Administer 1 ampule of 50% dextrose intravenously (IV). D.Administer 10 units of regular insulin subcutaneously (sub-Q).

A. Perform a blood sugar analysis.

Which condition must be met in order for glyburide treatment to be effective? A. The client must have functioning pancreatic beta cells. B. The client must have hemoglobin A1C of ≤7%. C. The client must not have hyperglycemia. D. The client must be able to self-administer the medication.

A. The client must have functioning pancreatic beta cells.

A client's current condition requires rapid reduction of blood sugar levels. Which type of insulin will have the most rapid onset of action? A. insulin lispro B. isophane (NPH) C. isophane (NPH) D. Humulin R (Yes that answer choice was really on there twice)

A. insulin lispro

A nurse is providing client education to a 13-year-old girl who was just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client will alert the nurse that special instructions regarding insulin are necessary? A. "I walk two blocks to school every day." B. "I am on the middle school track team." C. "We live in a two-story house." D. "My mother is going to give me my insulin."

B. "I am on the middle school track team."

A nurse is caring for a 48-year-old woman who has been hospitalized after injecting the wrong type of insulin. Which sign of hypoglycemia will the nurse be careful to observe for? A. Dry skin B. Blurred vision C. Fruity breath D. Flushing of the face

B. Blurred vision

The nurse is preparing to administer a mixture of 12 units regular insulin and 45 units NPH insulin to a client with a blood sugar of 378 mg/dL. After the nurse draws the medication into the syringe, what is the nurse's next action? A. Administer the insulin to the client. B. Check the dosage with another nurse. C. Check the client's blood sugar again. D. Ensure a meal tray is available.

B. Check the dosage with another nurse.

A client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has begun taking metformin. This drug will help the client achieve adequate blood sugar control through which mechanisms? (Select all that apply) A. Binding excess glucose to adipose tissue B. Decreasing glucose production by the liver C. Improving insulin sensitivity D. Decreasing glucose absorption in the GI tract E. Increasing urinary excretion of glucose

B. Decreasing glucose production by the liver C. Improving insulin sensitivity D. Decreasing glucose absorption in the GI tract

A client prescribed metformin is scheduled to undergo diagnostic testing with the administration of parenteral radiographic contrast media containing iodine. What fact should direct the nurse's plan of care for this client? A. The client will be prescribed an extra dose of metformin due to address the contrast material's effect on the body. B. Metformin should be discontinued at least 48 hours before and after diagnostic tests that use contrast medias. C. The client needs to be encouraged to drink 1 to 2 L of water to flush the contrast media out the kidneys. D. The metformin will be temporarily substituted for with insulin, to address the risk of potential kidney failure.

B. Metformin should be discontinued at least 48 hours before and after diagnostic tests that use contrast medias.

The home care nurse is caring for an older adult client who has type 1 diabetes. The client has visual impairment and cannot read the numbers on the syringe when preparing insulin for administration nor afford the cost of prefilled auto syringes. What strategy might the nurse use to help this client comply with insulin needs between visits? A. Change the client to oral antidiabetics. B. Prepare a week's supply of syringes and refrigerate. C. Have the client use a magnifying glass. D. Ask a neighbor to come over every day to prepare the medication.

B. Prepare a week's supply of syringes and refrigerate.

A 59-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. When the client returns to the clinic, he reports that he has lost 8 pounds in a month. How should the nurse respond? A. "We should really report this to your health care provider. The metformin dosage will need to be decreased." B. "We should really report this to your health care provider. The provider will likely change medications." C. "Please continue taking the medication and monitoring your weight. This is an expected outcome of this drug therapy." D. "You should discontinue this medication immediately. I will contact your health care provider."

C. "Please continue taking the medication and monitoring your weight. This is an expected outcome of this drug therapy."

A patient receives 25 units of NPH insulin at 7 AM. At what time of day should the nurse advise the patient to be most alert for a potential hypoglycemic reaction? A. After breakfast B. Before lunch C. Late afternoon D. Bedtime

C. Late afternoon

The nurse walks into the room of a client with type 1 diabetes and finds the client pale and diaphoretic. The client reports a headache and being hungry. Immediately, the client is unable to talk. What is the nurse's immediate intervention for this client? A. Administer regular insulin subcutaneously. B. Give 8 oz orange juice. C. Place glucose gel between the gums and cheek. D. Raise the head of the bed.

C. Place glucose gel between the gums and cheek.

A client was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several months ago and has presented for a scheduled follow-up appointment. Which stated behavior most clearly indicates that the client has established effective health maintenance? A. The client exercises two to three times per week. B. The client tells the nurse that he/she has gone on a diet. C. The client frequently checks his/her blood glucose levels. D. The client can describe the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

C. The client frequently checks his/her blood glucose levels.

A hospital client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is prescribed Humulin R on a sliding scale. Based on the client's blood glucose reading, the nurse administered 8 units of insulin at 07:45. The nurse should consequently check the client's blood glucose level at what time to monitor peak effectiveness of the medication? A. 08:15 B. between 08:45 and 09:45 C. between 09:45 and 10:45 D. between 11:15 and 11:45

C. between 09:45 and 10:45

What outcome would best indicate the nurse's teaching of a client newly-diagnosed with diabetes was effective and that drug therapy is appropriate? A. The client can explain how to take the medication. B. The client demonstrates the correct procedure for monitoring blood sugar. C. The client follows an appropriate diet. D. Blood glucose level is stable with no diabetic complications

D. Blood glucose level is stable with no diabetic complications

The nurse in the emergency department receives a conscious client following a motor vehicle accident who has no known history of diabetes but whose blood glucose level is 325 mg/dL. What rationale does the nurse provide explaining this elevated blood glucose level? A. The client's accident was caused by undiagnosed hyperglycemia B. The client may have sustained pancreatic trauma. C. The client most likely ate a meal just before the accident D. The client's stress reaction likely caused an increase in blood sugar.

D. The client's stress reaction likely caused an increase in blood sugar.