Drugs & Society Test 2 S'21

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During which decades did the U.S. prison population increase the most?

1980s-1990s

On average, currently, the number of patients who have been treated for an addiction by a health-care provider and who have recovered from their addiction (e.g., not using the addictive agent during the 6th month following treatment) is ____.

20%

An antagonist is

A drug which binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor

Which is true about current drug laws in the United States?

A person may be charged with "intent to distribute" if the possessor has large amounts of drug, drug paraphernalia, packaging material, large amounts of money, or communications from customers

Which of the following is true about the crime of drug possession?

A person may be charged with drug possession if they have a bong or syringe, even if the paraphernalia has never been used

A synaptic vesicle is:

A tiny sac which holds a neurotransmitter in preparation for release into a nerve synapse

How many dreams is an individual likely to have during the night (regardless of how many are recalled the next day)?

About 5 dreams during a regular night of sleep.

According to the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which of the following is in order of overall harm, from most harmful to least harmful?

Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, LSD

Dr. Kinsey is studying the effect of marijuana on cognition. He wants to see the relationship between marijuana and the ability to solve math problems. One hundred and fifty male volunteer participants come to the laboratory. Half of them smoke a joint. The other half smoke a clove cigarette. Participants don't know which they are smoking. Twenty minutes later, they are brought into a room and take a math test. Which of the following is correct?

All of the above are false (too lazy to put other answers)

Which group tends to have the highest rate of drug use?

American Indian/Alaskan Native

The statement "Marijuana has not been proven to cause neurological damage, therefore it is completely safe" is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?

Appeal to ignorance

Which is not one of the ways amphetamine increase levels of dopamine in the synapse?

Binds directly to postsynaptic receptors

Which is false about drug laws and race?

Blacks account for about 14% of those in state prison for drug crimes

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which cocaine exerts its effects

Blocks reuptake of acetylcholine

The best way to separate fact from fiction regarding information about a drug that has been reported in the popular press is to

Check out the primary source

Which of the following drugs is not a schedule 1 drug?

Cocaine

Which is true about the demographics of drug use in the United States?

Compared to other races, people of Asian descent report the lowest rates of illicit drug use

Dr. Tyler is studying the effect of Ritalin on test scores. He gives 50 college seniors Ritalin for one year and measures their test scores over the course of the year. What is missing from Dr. Tyler's experimental design?

Control groups

Which of the following is the generic name of the drug?

Diazepam

Which of the following is an endogenous substance?

Endorphin

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with harm reduction policies?

Enforcing mandatory minimum sentences

A _________ is a term used to describe an argument that doesn't address the facts and instead focuses on irrelevant and unrelated matters

Fallacy of relevance

"Drug trafficking" refers to driving while intoxicated.

False

A user can only become addicted to cocaine if it is smoked, not if it is snorted.

False

About 25% of the world's adult population reports having used an illegal drug at least once in the past year.

False

After prohibition ended, organized crime's involvement in drugs diminished enormously.

False

An agonist binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor.

False

Blacks are much more likely than whites to use methamphetamine.

False

Cocaine increases the activity of GABA in the brain.

False

Drug mules are used to carry the coca leaves down the Andes mountains.

False

Drunk drivers are more likely to use peripheral vision.

False

Gram for gram, cocaine is considered to be one of the least expensive illicit drugs in the world.

False

If 2 drugs are taken concurrently and both are metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system, large amounts of drug A will increase the metabolism of drug B.

False

If you inject the same dosage of two drugs, one of which is highly bound to plasma proteins and the other which is unbound, the drug that is bound to plasma proteins will have more of an effect on the body than the unbound drug.

False

It is more expensive to treat drug users than to incarcerate them.

False

Members of the Native American Church are legally able to use any and all drugs in their religious ceremonies

False

Mescaline is the major psychoactive substance in psilocybin mushrooms

False

One advantage to getting information about drugs from the Internet is that it is certain to be peer reviewed.

False

Receptors are most commonly located on the axon of a neuron.

False

Since scientists are always objective, their observations are free from bias.

False

Sublingual drugs are administered with a hypodermic needle and injected under the skin.

False

The Controlled Substances Act raised the blood alcohol content standard for a DUI from 0.01% to 0.08%.

False

The FDA drug approval process typically takes about 5-7 years.

False

The FDA had no authority over drugs until the passage of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970.

False

The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made it illegal to be addicted to marijuana.

False

The capillaries of the brain and spinal cord are leakier than the capillaries of the liver.

False

The more punitive a country's drug laws, the less drug use there is in that country.

False

The non-medical use of prescription drugs is now the most commonly used illicit drug in America.

False

True or false, a night's sleep under the influence of a prescribed sleeping pill helps to block events such as sleep-walking and eating while seemingly asleep?

False

True or false, barbiturates are the preferred active ingredient, currently, in prescribed sleeping pills?

False

True or false, deprivation of REM sleep (dream sleep) has little effect on the health of the deprived ?

False

True or false, psychoanalysis, as championed by Sigmund Freud, is the only treatment that is effective in treating alcoholism?

False

True or false, rapid eye movements signal the period when an individual is probably not dreaming and is common when one sleeps?

False

When taken with cocaine, alcohol forms a new compound in the body that essentially inactivates cocaine's actions.

False

Withdrawal from cocaine lasts for 2-3 months and is potentially life threatening.

False

Which of the following is most directly involved with decisions, judgment, and reasoning?

Frontal Lobe

Which of the following does not relate to pharmacokinetics?

How well a drug binds to a receptor

What is the "observer effect?"

If participants know they're being observed, they may alter their behavior

Which of the following is true of cocaine?

Increases the amount of dopamine in the synapse

Which route of administration gets a drug to the brain fastest?

Inhalation

Mendax Pharmaceuticals is trying out their new antidepressant. One group of participants took the new drug, another group received a placebo, and a third had a weekly meeting with a therapist. Midway through the trial, the therapist had to drop out, and was replaced by a new therapist. Because of this, the experiment may not be ____

Internally valid

Which of the following religious believe adherents should abstain from alcohol?

Islam, Southern Baptists, and The Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)

Which of the following increases neurogenesis?

Learning and Physical exercise

Which of the following has the lowest number of deaths attributed to its use?

Marijuana

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in the brain?

Pontocerebellar pathway that helps control sleep and appetite

Which fallacy of reasoning is demonstrated in this example? "Many people claim that Mendax Pharmaceutical's new drug isn't effective, but the CEO of the company just gave $100,000 to charity."

Red Herring

Which is true about the Controlled Substances Act?

Repealed, replaced, and consolidated all previous federal drug laws

Which of the following does not have serotonin as its major mechanism of action?

Salvia

Which is true about the brains of chronic cocaine users?

Show a loss of tissue in the prefrontal cortex

Which is false about drugs derived from natural sources?

THC is more chemically complex than marijuana

Who decides whether a drug should be scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act?

The Department of Health and Human services and The FDA

Which of the following is true about the "Therapeutic Index" (TI)

The TI is a measure of the lethal dose in 50% of subjects over the effective dose in 50% of subjects

Which of the following is FALSE?

The hypothalamus is part of the brain stem and is responsible for breathing, heart rate, and other vegetative processes

Which is true about ionotropic receptors?

The receptor molecule itself is also an ion channel

"I had a bad reaction to the Pill, so birth control pills should be taken off the market" is an example of a hasty generalization.

True

A forfeiture laws states that the government can confiscate anything in one's possession at the time of a drug arrest.

True

Cocaine blocks sodium channels in pain pathways.

True

Drug penalties are harsher if they occur within 1000 feet of a school or college.

True

High school girls use alcohol and inhalants at a higher rate than do high school boys.

True

If a heroin addict takes the same dose of heroin, by the same route of administration every day, but one day takes the same amount in a new environment, he or she can die of an overdose.

True

If you lend a drug-dealing friend your cell phone, and he uses it to make a drug deal, you may be charged with drug conspiracy.

True

If you were to block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter, it would increase that neurotransmitter's effects at the postsynaptic neuron.

True

In some counties of the United States, it is illegal to possess alcohol.

True

In the United States, more people drink alcohol than use all illicit drugs combined.

True

It is a hasty generalization when people trust in their own personal experiences more than data and evidence.

True

MDMA may permanently damage serotonin neurons

True

Most songs that contain references to alcohol or drug use portrayed positive consequences more than negative consequences.

True

Naturally occurring drugs, such as marijuana or peyote, cannot be patented.

True

On its own, cocaine is not particularly well absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally, because it constricts the blood vessels of the mouth and is broken down in the acidic stomach.

True

Students with drug charges are prohibited from receiving federal aid and student loans for colleges and universities.

True

The United States has more prisoners per capita than any other industrialized nation on earth.

True

The blood brain barrier keeps most large, water-soluble substances out of the brain.

True

The dose response curve measures the magnitude of a drug's effects as a function of the dose given.

True

The likelihood of a fatal crash is about 8 times higher for a driver with a BAC over 0.1% than for a sober driver.

True

The liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of drugs.

True

True or false, a function of sleep appears to be an aid to the consolidation of memory?

True

True or false, short acting benzodiazepines are designed to allow periods of REM sleep during a night of sleep?

True

Uruguay was the first country in the world to legalize and regulate the production, supply, and recreational use of cannabis.

True

Which of the following may not occur if you are convicted of a drug offense?

University diploma is invalidated

Which of the following factors do not influence the penalties for drug trafficking?

Whether the person has a proven biological predisposition for addiction


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