Drugs & Society Test 2 S'21
During which decades did the U.S. prison population increase the most?
1980s-1990s
On average, currently, the number of patients who have been treated for an addiction by a health-care provider and who have recovered from their addiction (e.g., not using the addictive agent during the 6th month following treatment) is ____.
20%
An antagonist is
A drug which binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor
Which is true about current drug laws in the United States?
A person may be charged with "intent to distribute" if the possessor has large amounts of drug, drug paraphernalia, packaging material, large amounts of money, or communications from customers
Which of the following is true about the crime of drug possession?
A person may be charged with drug possession if they have a bong or syringe, even if the paraphernalia has never been used
A synaptic vesicle is:
A tiny sac which holds a neurotransmitter in preparation for release into a nerve synapse
How many dreams is an individual likely to have during the night (regardless of how many are recalled the next day)?
About 5 dreams during a regular night of sleep.
According to the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, which of the following is in order of overall harm, from most harmful to least harmful?
Alcohol, heroin, cocaine, marijuana, LSD
Dr. Kinsey is studying the effect of marijuana on cognition. He wants to see the relationship between marijuana and the ability to solve math problems. One hundred and fifty male volunteer participants come to the laboratory. Half of them smoke a joint. The other half smoke a clove cigarette. Participants don't know which they are smoking. Twenty minutes later, they are brought into a room and take a math test. Which of the following is correct?
All of the above are false (too lazy to put other answers)
Which group tends to have the highest rate of drug use?
American Indian/Alaskan Native
The statement "Marijuana has not been proven to cause neurological damage, therefore it is completely safe" is an example of which fallacy of reasoning?
Appeal to ignorance
Which is not one of the ways amphetamine increase levels of dopamine in the synapse?
Binds directly to postsynaptic receptors
Which is false about drug laws and race?
Blacks account for about 14% of those in state prison for drug crimes
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which cocaine exerts its effects
Blocks reuptake of acetylcholine
The best way to separate fact from fiction regarding information about a drug that has been reported in the popular press is to
Check out the primary source
Which of the following drugs is not a schedule 1 drug?
Cocaine
Which is true about the demographics of drug use in the United States?
Compared to other races, people of Asian descent report the lowest rates of illicit drug use
Dr. Tyler is studying the effect of Ritalin on test scores. He gives 50 college seniors Ritalin for one year and measures their test scores over the course of the year. What is missing from Dr. Tyler's experimental design?
Control groups
Which of the following is the generic name of the drug?
Diazepam
Which of the following is an endogenous substance?
Endorphin
Which of the following is NOT typically associated with harm reduction policies?
Enforcing mandatory minimum sentences
A _________ is a term used to describe an argument that doesn't address the facts and instead focuses on irrelevant and unrelated matters
Fallacy of relevance
"Drug trafficking" refers to driving while intoxicated.
False
A user can only become addicted to cocaine if it is smoked, not if it is snorted.
False
About 25% of the world's adult population reports having used an illegal drug at least once in the past year.
False
After prohibition ended, organized crime's involvement in drugs diminished enormously.
False
An agonist binds to a receptor without producing an effect except to block other substances from the receptor.
False
Blacks are much more likely than whites to use methamphetamine.
False
Cocaine increases the activity of GABA in the brain.
False
Drug mules are used to carry the coca leaves down the Andes mountains.
False
Drunk drivers are more likely to use peripheral vision.
False
Gram for gram, cocaine is considered to be one of the least expensive illicit drugs in the world.
False
If 2 drugs are taken concurrently and both are metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system, large amounts of drug A will increase the metabolism of drug B.
False
If you inject the same dosage of two drugs, one of which is highly bound to plasma proteins and the other which is unbound, the drug that is bound to plasma proteins will have more of an effect on the body than the unbound drug.
False
It is more expensive to treat drug users than to incarcerate them.
False
Members of the Native American Church are legally able to use any and all drugs in their religious ceremonies
False
Mescaline is the major psychoactive substance in psilocybin mushrooms
False
One advantage to getting information about drugs from the Internet is that it is certain to be peer reviewed.
False
Receptors are most commonly located on the axon of a neuron.
False
Since scientists are always objective, their observations are free from bias.
False
Sublingual drugs are administered with a hypodermic needle and injected under the skin.
False
The Controlled Substances Act raised the blood alcohol content standard for a DUI from 0.01% to 0.08%.
False
The FDA drug approval process typically takes about 5-7 years.
False
The FDA had no authority over drugs until the passage of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970.
False
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made it illegal to be addicted to marijuana.
False
The capillaries of the brain and spinal cord are leakier than the capillaries of the liver.
False
The more punitive a country's drug laws, the less drug use there is in that country.
False
The non-medical use of prescription drugs is now the most commonly used illicit drug in America.
False
True or false, a night's sleep under the influence of a prescribed sleeping pill helps to block events such as sleep-walking and eating while seemingly asleep?
False
True or false, barbiturates are the preferred active ingredient, currently, in prescribed sleeping pills?
False
True or false, deprivation of REM sleep (dream sleep) has little effect on the health of the deprived ?
False
True or false, psychoanalysis, as championed by Sigmund Freud, is the only treatment that is effective in treating alcoholism?
False
True or false, rapid eye movements signal the period when an individual is probably not dreaming and is common when one sleeps?
False
When taken with cocaine, alcohol forms a new compound in the body that essentially inactivates cocaine's actions.
False
Withdrawal from cocaine lasts for 2-3 months and is potentially life threatening.
False
Which of the following is most directly involved with decisions, judgment, and reasoning?
Frontal Lobe
Which of the following does not relate to pharmacokinetics?
How well a drug binds to a receptor
What is the "observer effect?"
If participants know they're being observed, they may alter their behavior
Which of the following is true of cocaine?
Increases the amount of dopamine in the synapse
Which route of administration gets a drug to the brain fastest?
Inhalation
Mendax Pharmaceuticals is trying out their new antidepressant. One group of participants took the new drug, another group received a placebo, and a third had a weekly meeting with a therapist. Midway through the trial, the therapist had to drop out, and was replaced by a new therapist. Because of this, the experiment may not be ____
Internally valid
Which of the following religious believe adherents should abstain from alcohol?
Islam, Southern Baptists, and The Church of Latter Day Saints (Mormons)
Which of the following increases neurogenesis?
Learning and Physical exercise
Which of the following has the lowest number of deaths attributed to its use?
Marijuana
Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main dopaminergic pathways in the brain?
Pontocerebellar pathway that helps control sleep and appetite
Which fallacy of reasoning is demonstrated in this example? "Many people claim that Mendax Pharmaceutical's new drug isn't effective, but the CEO of the company just gave $100,000 to charity."
Red Herring
Which is true about the Controlled Substances Act?
Repealed, replaced, and consolidated all previous federal drug laws
Which of the following does not have serotonin as its major mechanism of action?
Salvia
Which is true about the brains of chronic cocaine users?
Show a loss of tissue in the prefrontal cortex
Which is false about drugs derived from natural sources?
THC is more chemically complex than marijuana
Who decides whether a drug should be scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act?
The Department of Health and Human services and The FDA
Which of the following is true about the "Therapeutic Index" (TI)
The TI is a measure of the lethal dose in 50% of subjects over the effective dose in 50% of subjects
Which of the following is FALSE?
The hypothalamus is part of the brain stem and is responsible for breathing, heart rate, and other vegetative processes
Which is true about ionotropic receptors?
The receptor molecule itself is also an ion channel
"I had a bad reaction to the Pill, so birth control pills should be taken off the market" is an example of a hasty generalization.
True
A forfeiture laws states that the government can confiscate anything in one's possession at the time of a drug arrest.
True
Cocaine blocks sodium channels in pain pathways.
True
Drug penalties are harsher if they occur within 1000 feet of a school or college.
True
High school girls use alcohol and inhalants at a higher rate than do high school boys.
True
If a heroin addict takes the same dose of heroin, by the same route of administration every day, but one day takes the same amount in a new environment, he or she can die of an overdose.
True
If you lend a drug-dealing friend your cell phone, and he uses it to make a drug deal, you may be charged with drug conspiracy.
True
If you were to block the reuptake of a neurotransmitter, it would increase that neurotransmitter's effects at the postsynaptic neuron.
True
In some counties of the United States, it is illegal to possess alcohol.
True
In the United States, more people drink alcohol than use all illicit drugs combined.
True
It is a hasty generalization when people trust in their own personal experiences more than data and evidence.
True
MDMA may permanently damage serotonin neurons
True
Most songs that contain references to alcohol or drug use portrayed positive consequences more than negative consequences.
True
Naturally occurring drugs, such as marijuana or peyote, cannot be patented.
True
On its own, cocaine is not particularly well absorbed into the bloodstream when taken orally, because it constricts the blood vessels of the mouth and is broken down in the acidic stomach.
True
Students with drug charges are prohibited from receiving federal aid and student loans for colleges and universities.
True
The United States has more prisoners per capita than any other industrialized nation on earth.
True
The blood brain barrier keeps most large, water-soluble substances out of the brain.
True
The dose response curve measures the magnitude of a drug's effects as a function of the dose given.
True
The likelihood of a fatal crash is about 8 times higher for a driver with a BAC over 0.1% than for a sober driver.
True
The liver is the most important organ for the metabolism of drugs.
True
True or false, a function of sleep appears to be an aid to the consolidation of memory?
True
True or false, short acting benzodiazepines are designed to allow periods of REM sleep during a night of sleep?
True
Uruguay was the first country in the world to legalize and regulate the production, supply, and recreational use of cannabis.
True
Which of the following may not occur if you are convicted of a drug offense?
University diploma is invalidated
Which of the following factors do not influence the penalties for drug trafficking?
Whether the person has a proven biological predisposition for addiction