English 4B Unit 6

Expository Essay

(informational) purpose is to explain; may be formal or informal

Which sentence is a concession (agreement) for the opposing view?

7^ In fact, statistics show that this idea and trend are true.

Entertainment can be found in physical activities or sports. _____, ping-pong or tennis can be a two-player physical activity with competition.

For example

Most people who have a degree get paid higher wages than those who don't. _____, I have several relatives without a college degree who have lower-paying jobs even though they have much experience in their fields of work.

For instance

Susan thought about going swimming after school. _____, she decided to run laps down at the track field.

Instead

non sequitur

Latin for "it does not follow;" when a conclusion does not follow the reasoning

What would be a good argument against having a required parenting class?

The information about children's needs and abuse could be inserted into another required course like psychology.

___________ deciding to go to college, a student should ___________ decide which talents and interests he has.

When; first

Argumentative Essay

a formal persuasive text that includes evidence and counterarguments

The Federalist Papers included arguments for the Constitution including counterarguments _____ the position of keeping the Articles of Confederation.

against

This quote is an example of _______. From a deficiency in this particular, one of two evils must ensue; either the people must be subjected to continual plunder, as a substitute for a more eligible mode of supplying the public wants, or the government must sink into a fatal atrophy, and, in a short course of time, perish.

all of these (a false dilemma; using a fear of loss to persuade; using strong words)

The _____ or supporting paragraphs contain information to support the idea in the thesis statement.

body

After writing a draft of an essay, the writer may find out that the thesis statement needs to be _____.

changed

Rhetorical Analysis

explains how a nonfiction text uses words, phrases, images, and organization to persuade the reader

A _____ statement should summarize all of the ideas in the essay.

thesis

exigencies

urgent needs

Elijah and Marquise both wrote stories about superheroes, _____ Elijah's superhero has a different origin because he comes from the future.

yet

_____ dogs can be expensive to take care of, there are many benefits to having a dog as a pet.

Although

Learning to type by touch is a necessary skill for many reasons. One such reason is to type faster. _____ is to be accurate.

Another

The U.S. Constitution replaced the Articles, yet the Anti-Federalists were responsible for the inclusion of the _____.

Bill of Rights

Stan has been playing with his sister who had a cold. Now, Stan is experiencing fatigue, a fever, and a runny nose. _____, he's caught a cold from her.

Consequently

In my neighborhood, the park is east and down the street from my house. _____ the park is a big iron sign that says "Forest Park."

In front of

How does the writer make counterarguments to refute the opposing viewpoint that students do not want or need parenting classes now?

She uses statistics that show children are still being born to all ages and are being abused.

_____, there is crime fiction where I am fascinated how the forensic scientist discovers microscopic evidence from clues.

Then

How does the organizational design of this essay best fit the author's purpose?

Unsure

false dilemma

an "either/or" type of argument offering two choices when there are other options

ethos

an appeal that uses a recommendation from someone who has credibility or success

logos

an appeal that uses logic, reasoning, and evidence to persuade

pathos

an appeal that uses situations or powerful words that cause an audience to react with different emotions based on their values

counterargument

an idea that refutes an opposing argument

Parts of an Essay

an introduction, supporting paragraphs, and conclusion

atrophy

decrease, waste away

Topical

different subjects, reasons, or examples explained; usually one for each separate paragraph

Since the essay uses only third-person point of view and no slang or highly emotional diction, it is ______.

formal

concession

giving credit to the opposing argument

A conclusion, the _____ paragraph of an essay, may add more information, yet should reflect the idea of the thesis in different words.

last

Analytical Essay

literary interpretive/critical analysis essay: shows a unique point of view about the meaning of a text

A good conclusion should be ____ to the reader, so it should be eloquent.

memorable

revenue

money

Hamilton gives an example of the Ottoman Empire whose leaders pillage its citizens whenever the need arises.

rob and raid

pillage

rob, raid

Cause/effect

shows situations and their effects

The Federalists were a group of men who _____ the Constitution as the new law of the land.

supported

premise

the beginning statement of an argument

This excerpt has _______ organization.

topical (?) (not chronological or descriptive)

Which organization does this argumentative essay use?

topical - each paragraph has a different topic

From time to time a country may incur exigencies.

urgent needs

Hamilton calls the Articles of Confederation feeble in its intention to repose (keep) in it the power to tax individuals.

weak

Which text evidence most expresses a reason to replace course requirements with new courses?

3^ As society changes, things that used to be taught at home are not, and schools feel obligated to teach these necessary skills.

In this excerpt, Hamilton's argument lacks _______.

N/A

Hamilton wrote that there was other jurisdiction that the central government needed money for.

areas of power or administration

jurisdiction

areas of power or administration

In 2018, the national debt of the United States was _____.

around $21 trillion

Nonfiction

includes autobiographies, historical texts, news reports, academic textbooks or journals, and essays

Persuasive Essay

the purpose is to persuade toward a point of view or action; usually less formal than an argument

Compare/contrast

the similarities and differences of similar things

To play a guitar, first learn where the musical notes are on the strings, _____ practice simple chords.

then

When considering an audience to persuade, the writer needs to ______.

think about how they might feel and what they might say

Chronological

time order or in order of steps for a process

annihilation

complete destruction

Which statement from the text gives a call to action?

41^ Parents, teachers, counselors, and administrators should find the appropriate "parenting course" to be required in today's high school curriculum!

Mystery novels are my favorite kind of stories. The detective stories are exciting because I can follow the clues along with the characters in the story. _____, when Sherlock is considering the culprit, yet doesn't say who it is yet, he adds up all of the evidence for me to try to figure it out.

A case in point is

Which quotation best summarizes the content of this excerpt and can stand as a thesis statement?

A complete power, therefore, to procure a regular and adequate supply of it (money), as far as the resources of the community will permit, may be regarded as an indispensable ingredient in every constitution.

Classification or grouping

a list of items grouped together as types, varieties, kinds, divisions, or choices

Problem/solution(s)

a problem pointed out and one or more solutions given

anecdote

a short, interesting story concerning a real person

Descriptive

details explaining how something is or looks

The introduction is the _____ paragraph of an essay and contains the main idea of the essay.

first

disbursements

payments of money from a fund

plunder

steal from

Hamilton said the government should use propriety concerning money matters.

correctness

rebuttal

counterarguments to make the opposition team's claims less valid in a debate

Generalization

details followed by the ideas presented that support it; can be reversed by giving the different ideas first, then making a conclusion about them

Hamilton says the U.S. government would atrophy if it did not have its own regular supply of money.

disintegrate

Which are credible sources of information to support the thesis statement for a formal essay?

expert opinions from highly qualified people; anecdotes that are good examples; quotes from reputable texts or organizations; testimony or information from an interview

Which emotion does this pathos example cause in the audience to persuade?Furthermore, child abuse affects society because a large percentage of these children grow up committing crimes, getting addicted to drugs, and sometimes abusing other children.

fear

false analogy

a statement that infers that because two things or ideas are similar, they are similar in other ways

straw man

a tactic of misdirection or the attempt to confuse the opponent by refuting an argument that the opponent did not propose

The smell of the ocean air has a freshness to it. The white sand glistens for miles down the shore, _____ the palm trees line up in a row like soldiers paying homage to the sea.

and

Hamilton says if the law of the land does not approve the Constitution, then the United States will "approach annihilation."

complete destruction

With Facebook® and personal blogs, a person has similar opportunities to share; _____, Facebook has more interactive options.

however

rhetorical appeals

modes of persuasion that use logos, ethos, and pathos

Every nation has pecuniary needs to be able to survive.

monetary

The Union—the central or federal government—needed revenue for the military.

money

Definition and examples

most often used in vocabulary studies or illustrations

Fiction

novels, short stories, plays, and poems that are not true or factual

The appeal expressed in the previous question is called a(n) ______ appeal because it causes fear.

pathos

According to this Lesson and the excerpt, the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was having trouble _____.

paying back its debts to the states, individuals, and France

The federal government needed to make disbursements for debts it incurred.

payments

What tone and mood is the essay most expressing?

positive

The Anti-Federalists believed that the Constitution would give the central (federal) government too much _____ over the states and the rights of people.

power

propriety

respectable standards or correctness

Spatial

shows the physical relationships of objects

eloquence

skilled, powerful, and elegant persuasive speech or writing

Using the Ottoman Empire as an example of pillaging is not the best example because its government (as expressed in paragraph 4) was a _______.

sovereign or kingdom, not a democracy

logical fallacies

statements based on faulty or incorrect reasoning

Hamilton argues for a regular supply of money instead of unregulated taxation, which would plunder citizens.

steal from

Who is the writer's audience, as specifically addressed in the essay?

students, parents, high school counselors, and administrators

Which fact would most help the argument about high school students needing this class?

the percentage or numbers of high school students having children

Advantages/disadvantages

the pros and cons, or good and bad