Ethics

After agreeing to a treatment, the clinician was not available to treat the pt for a long time, and no other provision ad been made to accommodate the pt. This is considered an act of: Abandonment Implied contract Intentional tort Supervised neglect

Abandonment

Which act BEST describes negligence when associated with dental procedures? An intentional tort An unintentional tort Assault Battery

An unintentional tort

A pediatric dental hygienist is treating a young patient of record. The patient has been cooperative for every visit before today's visit. The hygienist is running behind and asks her assistant to help restrain the child. Neither the hygienist nor the assistant updated the informed consent paperwork before initiating restraint procedures. Which type of tort has the dental hygienist committed? Abuse Assault Defamation Negligence

Assault

A patient presents for a new patient dental hygiene appointment. You review the medical history, discuss the treatment plan, and obtain informed consent. As you prepare to expose the radiographs, the patient stops you to inform you that they are HIV + with symptoms of AIDS. Because of embarrassment, they did not want it included in their official medical history. Which ethical principle is involved in the dental hygienist's trying to protect the patient's will? Confidentiality? Autonomy Justice Standard of care Veracity

Autonomy

After seeing the dentist for a comprehensive examination, a patient presents to your schedule for SRP. You discuss the patient's periodontal diagnosis, treatment plan and alternatives at length and secure a signature on the informed consent before treatment. Which ethical principles for guiding oral health care were involved in obtaining informed consent? Autonomy Confidentiality Nonmaleficence Veracity

Autonomy

The clinician discusses at length the patient's periodontal diagnosis, treatment plan, and alternatives to treatment with the patient and secures a signature on the informed consent. Which ethics guiding oral health care was involved in obtaining informed consent? Autonomy Confidentiality Non-maleficence Veracity

Autonomy

When discussing treatment choices and proposal of a dental hygiene care plan, communicating relevant information, and allowing the patient to participate actively in achieving and maintaining optimal oral health is an example of what principle? Accountability Autonomy Informed consent Professionalism

Autonomy

While examining your patient, the dentist discusses the need for the patient to replace some missing teeth due to physiological movement which is occurring with teeth in the opposing arch. The dentist gives the patient information on a removable partial and a fixed bridge but does not mention implants. After dismissing the patient, you ask the dentist if the patient had some oral or physical health condition where implants could not be utilized, and the dentist responds that he did not think the patient could afford the implant procedure. Identify which ethical principle this dentist has violated from the given options. Autonomy Beneficence Justice Veracity

Autonomy

You have just completed treating your regular 3-month recall patient and ask them what time frame they would like to look at for their next 3-month periodontal recall. They inform you that they have recently lost their insurance and will be unable to come more than every 6 months. Which two ethical principles conflict with this situation? Autonomy and beneficence Beneficence and veracity Non-maleficence and autonomy Veracity and autonomy

Autonomy and beneficence

A dental hygienist is working on a patient with heavy, tenacious calculus. While working on Quadrant #1, the clinician's Gracey's 13/14 tip breaks off and becomes lodged in the deep periodontal pocket. The clinician attempts for several minutes to retrieve the tip but decides she is running behind and does not have any additional time to spend retrieving the broken tip. She does not tell the patient nor the dentist what has happened. Two weeks later, the patient returned to the dental practice with a large palatal abscess opposite tooth #2. A radiograph reveals a radiopacity that is later identified as the broken Gracey tip. Which statements would be considered to be evidence of the clinician being subject to a malpractice suit? The clinician is protected by the dentist's malpractice insurance and is not liable The clinician utilized the wrong instrument on an area that should have been debrided with an ultrasonic Th

The clinician was guilty of violating the Four D's of a tort Law

A patient routinely refuses to undergo the recommended diagnostic dental X-rays. He agrees to sign a disclaimer stating his refusal. What are the legal implications in this case? The dental office is responsible The dental professional cannot be found negligent for an undiagnosed dental disease The dental professional will most likely be found negligent for an undiagnosed dental disease The patient cannot sue the dental professional

The dental professional cannot be found negligent for an undiagnosed dental disease Keyword: refusal

Which is not one of the essential elements to prove negligence and win a malpractice suit? A dentist/patient relationship existed The dentist failed to exercise the level and skill of the average qualified dentist The patient suffered an injury The patient's suit did not involve criminal charges

The patient's suit did not involve criminal charges

The ethical principle of autonomy is described as: The foundation of all health care; do no harm The principle is concerned with providing individual with what is owed, due, or deserved. The principle is concerned with providing individuals with what is owed, due, or deserved. The principle that embraces respect for persons

The principle that embraces respect for persons

For a malpractice suit to be effective, which factors must be fulfilled? The consent was signed The pt did not follow through on their responsibilities The standard of care was met There was an act of omission

There was an act of omission

All medical notations relating to the patient belong inside the chart for only authorized personnel to see. True False

True

Expressed consent is an agreement to treatment or a procedure that is given verbally or in writing. T/F?

True

Failure to provide services after a contract agreement is created between two or more parties is called abandonment. T/F?

True

HIPAA was designed to improve the efficiency of the healthcare industry and ensure that pt-identifiable information remains confidential. T/F?

True

Pts are required to sign the written policy that describes how the office will be compliant with HIPAA. T/F?

True

The ethical theory that states that the greatest good for the greatest number of individuals is the right action is Utilitarianism. T/F?

True

The most important component to avoiding complications is maintaining accurate and complete records. T/F?

True

Treating a pt in a way that minimizes harm is the ethical principle of nonmaleficence T/F?

True

Values provide guidance to determine right versus wrong and good versus bad. T/F?

True

While placing occlusal sealants on a pediatric patient, the dental hygienist inadvertently gets acid etch on her gloves. She's unaware that this has occurred and continues with the procedure. Working alone, she has to retract the patient's cheek to access the tooth. While waiting for a dentist to examine and release the patient, a reddened area appears on her cheek, and she complains of a severe burning sensation. The reddened area continues to become more inflamed and painful. It is determined that the hygienist unknowingly exposed the skin surface to acid etch while performing the procedure. Which violation has the dental hygienist committed among the options given? Assault Battery Intentional tort Unintentional tort

Unintentional tort

Which term describes the judgement of conduct based on right and wrong Ethics Morals Mores Values

Values

A dental hygienist has just returned to practice after taking time off for the birth of her child. She realizes her license has expired but thinks she can reinstate it quickly. The office asks her to start work the following week. She begins her new job without a current license to practice dental hygiene. Which of the principle codes of ethics did she violate? Justice Malpractice Negligence Veracity

Veracity

A healthcare provider is responsible for providing truthful and adequate info to allow treatment decisions. This is referred to as:

Veracity

A new dentist has recently purchased the practice where you work and has decided that examination fees would only be charged to patients with insurance to cover the examination costs. This violates which ethical principles? Autonomy Beneficence Justice Veracity

Veracity

The dentist you work for has been treatment planning the removal of all amalgam restorations because amalgam is "toxic". Which ethical principle is the dentist violating in the given scenario? Beneficence Non-maleficence Standard of Care Veracity

Veracity

Which dental hygiene code of ethics core values identifies a clinician as truthful and honest with a pt? Beneficence Justice Nonmaleficence Veracity

Veracity

Which ethical principle is created on a trust relationship between a clinician and a pt? Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Veracity

Veracity

While examining your patient, the dentist informs the patient that she needs to have all her old amalgams replaced with white composite restorations as amalgam has been revealed to be toxic to a person's systemic health. Which ethical principle is this in violation of? Beneficence Justice Non-maleficence Veracity

Veracity

Which information would NOT be included in an informed consent: Alternative treatment options Benefits of the procedure Cost of the procedure Risks associated with the procedure

cost of the procedure

identify the BEST description for "standard of care" evidence-based practice Social behaviors that are good for society as a whole The conduct that is demanded of a person to avoid liability for negligence the level of care skill, and treatment that a reasonably prudent healthcare professional provides

the level of care skill, and treatment that a reasonably prudent healthcare professional provides

An unintentional tort typically includes situations of malpractice where the clinician was careless but did not intend to harm the patient. T.F?

true

Which concept applies to a situation where a dh does NOT perform a procedure included in the contract with a pt? Breach of contract Criminal law Negligence Technical battery

Breach of contract

If a patient becomes unconscious and needs emergency CPR, the clinician: Can perform emergency protocols without consent Needs to wait for the approval of a family member Needs to wait for the approval of the dentist Should wait for an ambulance to arrive

Can perform emergency protocols without consent

Malpractice belongs to which category of law? Civil law contract law Criminal law

Civil law

Which of these scenarios is an aspect of veracity for ethical decision-making? Allowing a dental assistant to perform supra gingival scaling with the ultrasonic scaler Allowing a patient to defer bitewing radiographs Considering the benefits and disadvantages of each treatment option Performing extensive services on a patient with insurance

Considering the benefits and disadvantages of each treatment option

When an individual commits a wrongful act against the society it is considered an offense of: Civil law Contract law Criminal law Tort law

Criminal law

if a dental hygienist starts practicing at a dental office before receiving the proper license, it violates: civil law contract law criminal law injustice law

Criminal law

You were just hired at an office as part of the hygiene staff. You have learned that the dentist is having the expanded functions dental assistant (EFDA) begin helping by seeing some recare patients due to the backlog in the hygiene schedule. Dental regulations permit the assistant to polish and scale supragingivally in your practice. Due to regulations, she was scheduled to treat only pediatric patients. However, you begin to notice patients of all ages, debris and periodontal classifications being placed into her schedule. You overhear her presenting herself to patients as one of the hygiene staff. Which option is relevant to this case scenario? Battery Civil offense Criminal offense Negligence

Criminal offense keyword: EFDA

Any corrections on a paper chart should be done by:

Crossing out the error using a single line and initials

In a case where a dentist is accused of not meeting the standard of care, who is typically called upon to provide expert testimony about that standard? A specialist in the field The dental equipment manufacturer The judge's dentist The patient's general physician

A specialist in the field

A tort is best described as A crime against society A premeditated crime that causes harm and death to a person A wrongful act and a civil crime that does not involve a contract Res ipsa loquitur

A wrongful act and a civil crime that does not involve a contract

Identify the BEST appropriate definition of tort law from the options given: Deals with civil wrongs committed against a person or a person's property; wrongful conduct Deals with criminal laws such as offenses of moral turpitude Deals with laws that are compensational Deals with laws that are not punishable by incarceration

Deals with civil wrongs committed against a person or a person's property; wrongful conduct

Saying something that may damage a pt's reputation is: Battery Defamation Supervised neglect Tech assault

Defamation

Which is NOT included in the six-step decision making model for resolutions for ethical dilemmas? Collect information Determine the role of the clinician Make the decision State the option

Determine the role of the clinician

What are the "Four D's" that a person needs to prove in a malpractice case against a clinician? Defacto, Damage, Duty, Default Deposition, Discharge, Damage, Duty Duty, Damage, Default, Dereliction Duty, Deviation, Damage, Direct cause

Duty, Deviation, Damage, Direct cause

Certain medications or medical conditions are required to be noted on the outside of the pt chart as a way to be easily spotted and not overlooked by the practitioner. T/F?

False

Health histories are not legal documents that can be used in court; however, the document should still be accurate and legible as it is a component of the pt's chart. T/F?

False

It is preferable to scribble out an entry that was made in error so that it cannot be seen when reviewing a chart and mistakenly be interpreted as an accurate record in the patient chart. True False

False

Patient financial information should be included in each chart for easy access to fees of pending treatment and fees still owed by the patient. True False

False

treating a pt with fairness, regardless of all factors is the ethical principle or veracity. T/F?

False

When formulating options while trying to solve an ethical dilemma, the decision maker should use limited information in order to avoid being overwhelmed by too many opinions from various sources when trying to formulate alternatives and options. T/F?

False. Gather info from ALL sources

it is not reasonable or recommended to provide the prognosis of treatment when giving informed consent bc it is impossible to know the outcome of each individual's treatment. T/F?

False. Informed consent must include the procedure, complications, and alternative choices. It also must include prognosis, benefits and risks, and results of not treating the condition.

the pt legally owns their pt dental records that are housed in a dental office. T/F?

False. The dentist owns the records. Pts may request a copy.

The ethical principle of societal trust means that the clinician does not disclose personal health information entrusted to them by the pt T/F?

False. This defines confidentiality

Civil law is defined as crime against society. T.F?

False. This defines criminal law

An example of slander is writing notes in a pt's chart that judge his or her personal character. T/F?

False. This defines defamation

Which type of supervision occurs when a dentist authorizes the dental hygienist to perform a procedure while they are not in the building? Direct supervision Expressed supervision General supervision Managed supervision

General supervision

Your 16-year-old patient presents with a lesion resembling lesions associated with the Human Papilloma Virus. Upon questioning the patient, the patient asks that no one, especially her parents, be notified of your suspicions and recommendations for biopsy. Which is the CORRECT course of action for this situation? Dental hygiene clinicians must respect the patient's right to autonomy and decision making HIPAA Laws prevent sharing of health information HIPAA Privacy Rule allows a parent of minors to have access to medical and dental records Information should be shared with the dentist for them to make any decisions on the correct course of action

HIPAA Privacy Rule allows a parent of minors to have access to medical and dental records

Which is the CORRECT six-step decision-making model for ethical dilemmas to follow?

Identify the problem collect information, state the options, apply the ethical principle, make the decision, and implement the decision.

In the six-step decision-making model, which step in the process is considered the most critical? Collecting information Identifying the ethical dilemma Making the decision Stating the options

Identifying the ethical dilemma

An agreement to a treatment by the pt in absence of any action is: Expressed consent Implied consent Verbal consent Written consent

Implied consent

Against the clinician's advice, the pt has declined the procedures because she could not afford them at the moment. This is called: informed consent Informed refusal Neglect consent Uninformed consent

Informed refusal

If the patient has known drug allergies, where should that be noted? As a pop-up on when the dental staff opens the chart Inside of the chart with no marking on the outside cover Inside the chart but with a color tape outside of the chart It depends on the region Outside of the patient chart

Inside of the chart with no marking on the outside cover

A 17-year-old older sister of your scheduled 3:00 PM appointment has brought her 7-year-old sibling for her 6-month recall appointment. The 17-year-old notes that their mother will be there soon and it's OK to proceed with the appointment. While performing an initial examination, the dental hygiene clinician notes that all four first molars are completely erupted and need sealants to be placed. The clinician feels she can complete the prophylactic appointment and the time allotted for the 7-year-old. Once the mother arrives, the clinician informs her of the procedures which have been completed. The mother is extremely upset as she is concerned about BPA/parabens-containing products and verbally refused sealants at the previous recare appointment. What kind of act would it be if sealants were applied to a patient without parental consent? Intentional tort/battery Intentional tort/negligence Malpractice/standard of c

Intentional tort/battery

If a dental office fairly treats every pt, the office is practicing: Beneficence Justice Non-maleficence Paternalism

Justice

When a dh treats a pt who depends on govt funding for dental care the same way she treats a pt who is paying through private insurance, she is practicing: Autonomy Beneficence Confidentiality justice

Justice

A newly hired dental hygienist utilizes the ultrasonic scaler only on a patient. What are the grounds for civil prosecution against a hygienist who did not provide a standard of care? Abuse that results in physical harm Assault and battery/attempt to injure the patient Malpractice Technical assault

Malpractice

If a dental hygienist provides care that falls below the standard of care, they can be accused of: Expertise Malpractice Superior performance Trendsetting

Malpractice

A dental hygienist is hired at a busy corporate practice where they must anesthetize all dental patients for SRP hygiene appointments. During one busy day, the dental hygienist works on a full schedule of patients and is prepared to see their next patient for right-side SRP. During the anesthetic injection, the patient notes that he heard a loud pop followed by severe pain, swelling, ringing in his ear, and tearing in his right eye. He requests that treatment be suspended for another day. Several days later, the hygienist is summoned for malpractice based on res ipsa loquitur. Choose the BEST description for the legal term of this scenario, given the options below: Breach of contract Intentional tort Lack of standard of care Negligence

Negligence

A dental hygienist takes a new job as the provider of dental hygiene care at a large assisted living nursing facility. The patients in the current wing where she performs her initial assessment have negligent signs of physical impairment and can fully function with personal care functions. The patients that she has performed an initial screen and who have been seen by the previous dental hygienist for a dental prophylaxis within the last few weeks have severe gingivitis, periodontal probe readings of 8+ mm, and current status of diseased oral state. What ethical principle should be considered for the patient seen by the previous dental hygienist?? Abandonment Assault Intentional tort Negligence

Negligence

Which concept is related to unintentional torts? Battery Defamation Misrepresentation Negligence

Negligence

A dh who does not attend continued education classes to keep their skills current violates which ethical principle? Beneficence Non-maleficence Trust Veracity

Non-maleficence

The description "We accept our fundamental obligation to provide services in a manner that protects all clients and minimizes harm to them, and others involved in their tx" is most consistent with which professional value?

Non-maleficence

Your patient has refused x-rays for the past ten 6-month recalls (5 years). You are uncomfortable allowing the patient to be seen without current radiographs, as he has mentioned severe sensitivity, pain, and bleeding of his gingiva. Which ethical principle is most relevant to this scenario? Autonomy Beneficence Non-maleficence Veracity

Non-maleficence

Which ethical principle is violated when a dentist allows his dh to perform duties outside her scope of practice? Autonomy Justice Nonmaleficence Veracity

Nonmaleficence

which is the founding principle of all health professions, which declares that a health care provider's first obligation to the pt is to do no harm? Beneficence Maleficence Nonmaleficence Veracity

Nonmaleficence

A dentist decided to stop treating a patient due to non-payment. The dentist immediately stopped treatment without any communication. In the context of dental ethics, what could this action be considered? Ethical consultation Informed refusal Patient abandonment Professional discretion

Patient abandonment

Which option below would NOT be considered to be a common tort? Abuse Defamation Malpractice Public nuisance

Public nuisance

Which is an element of capacity regarding decision making with informed consent? Confidentiality Fidelity Reasoning Resolve conflicts

Reasoning

Which process identifies the agreement between two states to recognize an existing dental hygiene license from one state and the approval from the other state to allow the practitioner to become licensed there without further examinations or requirements? Authorization Endorsement Ratification Reciprocity

Reciprocity

What should be done when signs of physical abuse are present in a patient you treat? It is not the responsibility of the clinician to raise any concerns Make notes and wait until the same signs appear at the next appointment Offer help Report the case

Report the case

Which concept protects the patient against harm, neglect, and financial loss? Implied consent Informed consent Risk management

Risk management

What is the term used to describe verbal defamation of character Disparagement Libel Slander Smear

Slander

A dental hygienist has been arrested for driving under the influence and has made the local news and social media pages of their transgressions. Which core value established by the professional association has this dental hygienist violated? Confidentiality Societal trust Standards of professional responsibility Trust

Societal trust

During the placement of occlusal sealants, the dental hygienist notes that the expiration date on the material was 2 years prior to the current date. She decides to use the material anyway and hopes that the material will work. Identify what is deficient in this scenario. Discovery Rule Intentional tort Standard of care Unintentional tort

Standard of care

Which option is NOT considered a subtopic of non-maleficence? Patient abandonment Post-exposure to bloodborne pathogens Statute of limitations Use of auxiliary personnel

Statute of limitations