Exam 1

The _________________ approach to the study of psychology emphasizes unconcious thought and conflicts.

Psychodynamic

During what stage of sleep are we most likely to experience a vivid dream?

REM sleep

What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?

Thalamus

Properly conducted experiments allow researchers to draw conclusions about cause and effect.

True

Rafael has a cold and has plugged sinuses. These symptoms are most likely to affect

his enjoyment of the food at the university cafeteria.

The difference between insomnia and sleep apnea is that ______________.

insomnia is often characterized by sleeplessness, whereas sleep apnea is characterized by breathing difficulties

Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is

loudness

Dr. Smith is interested in how colors impact social interactions. He goes to a local mall and watches people walking by and notes their clothing colors and group size. This is an example of a/an _______________

naturalistic observation.

The False Belief Task can be used to assess_________.

theory of mind.

major brain regions and their function.

(specifically where higher level thinking and self-regulation occurs): 4 Lobes and 2 Hemispheres, Lateralization is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other. Most dramatic changes of the brain occur in the first 2 years of life. Brain flexibility and resilience - the brain has a huge ability to adapt and create new pathways (neural plasticity) Frontal Lobe - (front) Executive motor functions. Parietal Lobe - The parietal lobes can be divided into two functional regions. One involves sensation and perception and the other is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily with the visual system. The first function integrates sensory information to form a single perception (cognition). Occipital Lobe - Vision Temporal Lobe - Speech, Verbal

Compared to non-binge drinkers, binge drinking college students are

10 times more likely to drink and drive. 11 times more likely to miss class. twice as likely to engage in unprotected sex. All of the above.

Last night, Suzanne's 7 year-old son he began screaming and shaking in his sleep. She went to him and found that he was sweaty and out of breath. What did her son probably experience?

A night terror

Which part of a neuron is a long, tail-like extension that carries messages out to other cells?

Axon

A researcher finds that marital satisfaction is highest in people with higher education levels. Which of the following is correct?

Education is positively correlated with marital satisfaction.

A double-blind experiment is one in which the experimenter knows who belongs to each group and all subject groups involve a blind person.

False

Asking participants to give their informed consent prior to participating in a study is no longer required under ethical guidelines.

False

If two twins behave in the same way- there must be a genetic contribution (a gene) that accounts for that similarity.

False

The amount of time asleep (in general) and in REM sleep (specifically) increases as we age.

False

The occipital lobe is critical for controlling breathing and heart rate.

False

Theory is really just another term for opinion.

False

Difference between experimental and correlational study

In an experimental study, you are changing a variable to see how it changes the dependent variable. In a correlational study, you observing the relationship between two variables, without being able to change either of them.

It is 3 A.M. and Jack is in the kitchen standing at the refrigerator. His wife walks in and asks him what he thinks he's doing. Jack does not respond, but begins to take out items to make a sandwich. What might Jack be exhibiting?

Sleepwalking

Which of the following is a group of several interconnected brain structures involved in emotion and memory?

The limbic system

Which of the following is accurate?

The two hemispheres of the brain communicate via the corpus callosum.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To speed up the neural transmission

_____________ processing is conceptually driven and influenced by our beliefs and expectations.

Top-down

An experiment with a longitudinal design follows a group of subjects and assesses them repeated over time.

True

Caffiene is the worlds most used psychoactive drug.

True

Psychology is

a science. interested in behavior. is interested in mental processes. All of the above.

The minimum detection sensitivity of our sensory abilities and systems is demonstrated in our __________ thresholds.

absolute

You arrive home after a long day at work and realize you dont' recall driving home. This is likely an example of ___________________

automatic processing.

A functional MRI (fMRI) measures

changes in a patient's blood oxygen level

A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is roughly 24 hours long is called a(n) _____________ rhythm.

circadian

Which pair of sensory cell and sense is correct?

cones, vision

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ___________.

dendrites

A disorder involving the semicircular canals in the inner ear would be most likely to impact our

equilibrium.

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy. Now Jack can speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain's _____________, which allowed the structure and function of Jack's brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

plasticity

The name given to the sense of our body position is

proprioception

Robert is participating in a research project. He thinks he has figured out what the research is studying and he adjusts his answers to help the researcher out. This is an example of ____________

research participant bias.

Clay has played professional soccer for seven years and is easily able to tune out the sound of the crowd and all other irrelevant sensory information during the game. Bruce is a rookie and is often distracted by what his opponents are saying and the mood of the crowd. Clay and Bruce are showing differing levels of

selective attention.

The process of selecting one sensory channel and ignoring or minimizing others is called

selective perception.

The ability to detect physical energy through our sensory systems is known as

sensation.