Exam 2 labs 6-10

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Your subject is a 30 year who is a receptionist, artist, and mom. She weighs 62.7 kg. You collected the following data from her during his Wingate test. The average wattage from her test was 483 Watts. What is her relative maximum anaerobic power?

10.2 Average wattage divided by weight in kg

Your subject is a 32 year old beat farmer named Dwight Shoot. He weighs 81.0 kg. you collected the following data from him during his Wingate w test. The average wattage from his test was 603 Watts. What is his relative maximal anaerobic power?

10.6 Average first 5 numbers and divide by weight in kg

Your subject is a 163 pound female subject who is 28.0 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.36 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.90, and her exercise VO2 was 1.6. If she wanted to be 22.4 % body fat, how many weeks would it take to get to this percent body fat if she wished to lose one pound per week?

11.8 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds they need to lose

Your subject is a 164 pound female subject who is 28 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.26 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.93, and her exercise VO2 was 1.9. What is her lean body mass (LBM) in pounds? (no units required)

118.1 fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass

Your subject is a 170 pound male subject who is 18.1 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.33 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.87, and her exercise VO2 was 1.8. What is her lean body mass (LBM) in pounds? (no units required)

139.2 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass

Your subject is a 166.9 pound male subject who is 73 inches tall, is 21.4 % body fat. You recently measured his VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. His resting VO2 was 0.37 L/min, exercising RER was 0.91, and exercise VO2 was 2.4. What is his BMI? (no units reguired)

22.1 BMI = kg/m2 Inches -> m = x 0.0254

Your subject is a 165 pound female subject who is 24.1 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.35 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.91, and her exercise VO2 was 2.4. if she wanted to lose a half pound of fat per week through exercise alone and planned to exercise 7 days per week, how many minutes per day would she have to exercise to achieve this weight loss? No units required

24.7 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds they need to lose 3. Divide by 2 since its 0.5lb per week 4. Divide by caloric equivalent to RER to find how many mins per day

Your subject is a a 26 year old male who weighs 68.3 kg. During a recent VO2max test you determined that his VOmax as 53.0 ml/kg.min, his max power was 252, and his HR max was 192. If you wanted to determine his accumulated oxygen deficit, what would be an appropriate power for his supramaximal part of his accumulated 02 deficit test? no units required

277.2 Max power x 1.2 (between 110% and 140%)

Your subject is a 177. pound female subject who is 34.7 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.30 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.90, and her exercise VO2 was 2.1. How many pounds would she need to lose if she wanted to be 22.2 % body fat?

28.4 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds she needs to lose

You collected this data from a college aged female who weighed 67.1 kg prior to doing her supramaximal test for determining her accumulated 02 deficit. What is this subject's required absolute VO2 for the supramaximal bout? (calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required)

3.99 1. (5.1 x kgs)/1000 2. Then add (bigger VO2-smaller VO2)/(bigger wattage-smaller wattage) x wattage from supramaximal test

Your subject is a a 21 year old male who weighs 72.9 kg. During a recent VO2max test you determined that his VO2max as 59.5 ml/kg.min, his max power was 289, and his HR max was 186. If you wanted to determine his accumulated oxygen deficit, what would be an appropriate power for his supramaximal part of his accumulated 02 deficit test? no units required

346.8 Multiply max power by 1.2 (1.1 - 1.4)

Your subject is a 170 pound female subject who is 29.7 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.29 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.87, and her exercise VO2 was 2.2. If she wanted to be 21.6 % body fat, how many weeks would it take to get to this percent body fat if she wished to lose a half pound per week?

35.1 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds they need to lose 3. Divide by 2 since its 0.5lb per week

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point P have a low value on this figure? 1. at that point force is low because velocity is low 2. at that point power is low because force is low; force decreases as velocity increases during concentric actions 3. none of these answers is true 4. at that point velocity is low so power is low; power = force × velocity 5. This is a force-velocity curve, and at that point velocity is high, so force is low

4. at that point velocity is low so power is low; power = force × velocity

Your subject, Angela Martin, is a 35 year old accountant at a paper company in Scranton, PA. She weighs 57.2 kg. You collected the following data from her during his Wingate test. The average wattage from her test was 431 Watts. What is her absolute anaerobic capacity?

431 Average of all numbers - usually given

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point Q have a high value on this figure? - Q is highest point on n shaped graph on right 1 the power is high because force is high 2. This is a force-velocity curve, and at that point velocity is low, so force is high 3. the power is high because velocity is high 4 none of these answers is true 5. power is high; intermediate velocity and force provides the best combination for producing power

5. power is high; intermediate velocity and force provides the best combination for producing power

Your subject is a 129 pound female subject who is 25.8 % body fat. You recently measured her VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. Her resting VO2 was 0.33 L/min, her exercising RER was 0.92, and her exercise VO2 was 2.0. How many pounds would she need to lose if she wanted to be 22.2 % body fat?

5.97 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds they need to lose

Your subject is a 32 year old beat farmer named Dwight Shroot. He weighs 80 kg. you collected the following data from him during his Wingate test. The average wattage from his test was 603 Watts. What is his fatigue index? avg watts 1st 5 sec = 909 avg watts 2nd 5 sec = 850 avg watts 3rd 5 sec = 750 avg watts 4th 5 sec = 650 avg watts 5th 5 sec = 500 avg watts 4th 5 sec = 474

52.1% Last 5s/first 5s x100

Your subject is an 27 year old female who weighs 187 lbs. You previously determined that her maximal voluntary contraction force was 32 lbs and her iEMG integral during the MVC was 0.000248. During lab today you had her hold a 14 pound weight isometrically for a few seconds and her integral during this lift was 0.000136. What is her normalized iMG activity for this lift?

54.8 (0.000136/0.000248)x100

You collected this data from a college aged male who weighed 82.0 kg prior to doing his supramaximal test for determining his accumulated 02 deficit. What is this subject's accumulated O2 deficit? (calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required)

62.11 1. (5.1 x kgs)/1000 2. Then add (bigger VO2-smaller VO2)/(bigger wattage-smaller wattage) x wattage from supramaximal test 3. Use that number and subtract each of the test VO2's and add them up 4. Convert O2 deficit into ml.kg so multiply by 1000 and divide by weight in kg

You collected this data from a college aged male who weighed 66.1 kg prior to doing his supramaximal test for determining his accumulated 02 deficit. What is this subject's accumulated 02 deficit? (calculate to 2 decimal places, no units required)

63.39 1. (5.1 x kgs)/1000 2. Then add (bigger VO2-smaller VO2)/(bigger wattage-smaller wattage) x wattage from supramaximal test 3. Use that number and subtract each of the test VO2's and add them up 4. Convert O2 deficit into ml.kg so multiply by 1000 and divide by weight in kg

iEMG integrals are often represented in scientific notation, which can be confusing for most. Which of the following MG integrals is the largest? 5.21 × 10-5 0.00042 7.0 x 10-4 0.000085

7.0 x 10-4

Your subject is a 30 year who is a receptionist, artist, and mom. She weighs 66.6 kg. You collected the following data from her during his Wingate test. The average wattage from her test was 476 Watts. What is her relative anaerobic capacity?

7.15 Average of all numbers divided by weight in kg

Your subject is a 206 pound male subject who is 27.3 % body fat. You recently measured his VO2 and VCO2 during a moderate intensity exercise bout on a treadmill. His resting VO2 was 0.32 L/min, exercising RER was 0.93, and exercise VO2 was 2.3 If he wanted to be 12.1 % body fat, how many weeks would it take to get to this percent body fat if he wished to lose a half pound per week?

71.2 1. fat mass = decimal of % body fat x body mass LBM = body mass - fat mass *Desired (ideal) Body weight = Current LBM / (1.0 - decimal of desired %BF) 2. Subtract new number from original weight to find how many pounds they need to lose 3. Divide by 2 since its 0.5lb per week

Your subject is a college aged female who ran at a moderate intensity on a treadmill for 13 minutes. Her resting VO2 was 0.26 L/min, her resting VCO2 was 0.25 L/min, her exercise VO2 was 1.45 L/min, and her her exercise RER was 0.72, how many kcals of energy did she expend during this exercise bout? no units required

72.7 1. Exercise VO2 - rest VO2 2. Multiply that number by caloric equivalent of RER value 3. Multiply that number by number of mins of exercise

The following image is a screen capture from your subject's best maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) attempt. In a subsequent experiment you then had them hold a 15 pound weight isometrically at a 60 degree angle and at that angle their integral was 0.00014 with a delta T of 0.254 seconds. What was their normalized iEMG activity during this isometric action?

73.7 (0.00014/0.00019)x100

Match the accumulated 02 deficit values with the matching subjects below. sprinters middle distance runners distance runners untrained subjects most healthy adults regardless of training status

75-85 70-80 45-55 40-50 30-60

Your subject is a 157 pound male subject who is exercising on a treadmill. His VO2 is 2.0 L/min and his RER is 0.82. This subject is exercising at × how many times their resting metabolic rate? (no units required, calculate to the nearest tenth)

8.0 Convert VO2 into relative VO2 - x by 1000 and divide by weight in kgs Divide by 3.5

Your subject is an 20 year old male who weighs 171 lbs. You previously determined that his maximal voluntary contraction force was 36 Ibs and his iEMG integral during the MVC was 0.000095. During lab today you had him hold a 13 pound weight isometrically for a few seconds and his integral during this lift was 0.000076. What is his normalized iMG activity for this lift?

80.0 (0.000076/0.000095)x100

Your subject is a 30 year paper salesman named Jim Halpert. He weighs 79.2 kg. you collected the following data from him during his Wingate test. The average wattage from his test was 564 Watts. What is his absolute maximal anaerobic power?

860.8 Average first 5 numbers

Below you can find data from your subject's Thorstenson test. Calculate the fatigue index (FI, as a %) of this subject's extensors.

88.8 Work last/work first third x 100 (for extensors)

Your subject, Kevin Malone, is a 36 year old accountant at a paper company in Scranton, PA. He weighs 102.8 kg. you collected the following data from him during his Wingate test. The average wattage from his test was 606 Watts. What is his absolute maximal anaerobic power?

903.6 Average the first 5 numbers

Which of the following is the most appropriate unit for 02 deficit? a. L/breath b. ml/kg - min c. kcal/min d. L/min e. L

E. L

Which of the following best describes the hold relax PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the hamstrings? a. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we slowly lowered their leg down to the table • then had them relax while we re-reaised their leg • then we passively stretched their hamstring b. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their quadriceps submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further while the subject contracts their hamstring muscles c. none of these answers D. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further while the subject contracts their quadriceps muscles e. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their quadriceps submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further F. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further

F. • We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further

In one of our lab activities we used proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation, PNF, to try to inhibit muscle contraction and thus improve the ability to stretch a muscle (in our experiment we were stretching the muscle). The following depicts the reflex arc for reciprocal inhibition of the hamstrings. Match the letters with the most appropriate description. Note: hamstrings are innervated by the sciatic nerve and quadriceps femoris by the femoral nerve.

Hamstrings - right muscle (b) Afferent nerve - bottom nerve going from quads to circle on left (i) Sciatic nerve - top nerve going from hamstrings to circle on left (c) Excitatory synapse - furthest synapse on left (g) Inhibitory synapse - synapse above the excitatory (f) Muscle spindle - dark coloured oval on quad (j)

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest capillary density?

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest mitochondrial volume?

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest succinate dehydrogenase activity? (SDH catalyzes a step in the citric acid cycle) IIA lIC I 1IX IIAX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest mitochondrial volume? IIX lIC IX IAX lIA I

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest succinate dehydrogenase activity? (SDH catalyzes a step in the citric acid cycle) IIX I lIC lIX IIAX

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the least intramuscular triglycerides (lipids)?

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the most glycogen? lIC IX lIA IIAX IIX I

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest mitochondrial volume? lIC lIAX IIA IIX I

IIx

Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve for a flexor muscle group?

K Graph that goes up then straight then down

The torque curve on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric isokinetic action. you then recorded the EMG of this same muscle group using free weights during a single concentric action. Which of the figures below best depicts the EMG tracing we would observe for this muscle during this lift?

L big V shaped graph

In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the force-velocity curve during concentric and eccentric actions?

L Backwards s shape

Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve we would expect for a muscle group with short muscle fibers in a pennate arrangement?

L Curved n shape graph

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Which point on this curve would probably be associated with the highest concentric forces?

L First point on right side (not on middle line)

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below, Which point on this curve would probably be associated with the highest concentric forces?

L First point on right side of graph (not at the bottom on the middle line)

The far left panel depicts the torque curve for a muscle group performing a concentric action. Which of the other curves best represents the torque curve you would expect to see for this same muscle group during an eccentric action?

L Graph that is taller then the example

The far left panel depicts the torque curve for a muscle group performing an eccentric action. Which of the other curves best represents the torque curve you would expect to see for this same muscle group during a concentric action?

L Shorter curve than example

Which of the following torque curves looks most like the torque curve we recorded for the quadriceps femoris on the Biodex in lab (video)?

L Up and down curve graph (no straight line at top)

Which of the following MG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group with the best leverage at 135° while performing a knee extension with free weights?

L V shaped

Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group moving a 25 pound weight and has a very very good overlap of actin and myosin at 135?

L V shaped graph

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Considering all labelled data points on this curve, which has the greatest potential for producing power?

L first point on left side

In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On female subjects we tested suprailium, triceps, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.

Left middle anterior thigh on diagram

In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On male subjects we tested pectoral, anterior thigh, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.

Left side of lower abs

M Graph goes up then down a bit then up again

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Low speed resistance training would increase which concentric data point the most?

M first point on right side of graph (not on the middle line)

Match the following measurements with the correct units of measurement accumulated 02 deficit fatigue index absolute maximum anaerobic power relative anaerobic capacity absolute VO2

Ml/kg % Watts Watts/kg L/min

Which of the following MG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has its poorest leverage at 90• when using free weights?

N Graph decreasing to the right

N N shaped, with straight lines stopping straight at top then back down

The EMG tracing on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric action with free weights. You then tested this same muscle group on an isokinetic dynamometer. Which of the figures best depicts the torque curve we would observe for this muscle during this isokinetic action?

N U shaped graph

N second point on left side of graph

In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle × length. Which of the following figures best depicts the length-tension Total tension curve?

O Graph that increases and then dips and increases again

O Increasing to the right graph

O Slowly increasing to the right graph

Which of the following MG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group performing a 3 second isometric action (ignore joint angles listed below figures)?

O Straight graph

Which of the following torque curves best depicts the resistance during a single concentric bicep curl with a 20 lb weight?

O Straight line

Which of the following MG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group performing a 3 second isometric action (ignore joint angles listed below figures)?

O Straight line graph

In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the power-velocity curve during concentric and eccentric actions?

P Graph decreases on left side and n shape on right

P Highest point on left side

In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. High speed resistance training would increase which concentric data point the most?

Q Lowest point on right side

Poor strength of the vasts medialis relative to the vastus lateralis (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vastus medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subject's vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises. Which of the following exercises best activates the VMO? a. Heel drop off of stair b. seated straight leg raise c. Single leg squat d. isometric quad contraction e. two of these are equally good VMO VL Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric Heel drop off of stair (ecc phase 1st) 0.000078 6.24E-05 0.000131 0.000105 Single leg squat 0.000061 4.87E-05 0.000136 0.000109 seated straight leg raise 0.000071 5.68E-05 0.000087 6.96E-05 isometric quad contraction 0.000069 0.000123

a. Heel drop off of stair

During the first phase of the hold-relax with agonist contraction procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena? a. Inverse stretch reflex b. crossed extensor reflex c. withdrawal reflex d. none of the above e. myotatic stretch reflex f. reciprocal inhibition

a. Inverse stretch reflex

If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 78F and the dry bulb temperature was 80F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.2C, and their skin temperature was 36.5. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances? a. It is very humid b. it is neither very humid, nor very dry c. the information provided does not have enough information to identify the humidity d. there is low humidity

a. It is very humid

Which of the following would produce the greatest torque? a. concentric Knee extension 30deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec d. concentric Knee extension 180 deg/sec

a. concentric Knee extension 30deg/sec

Which of the following would produce the least force? a. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec b. eccentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec c. isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec d. they would all be the same

a. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec

Which of the following would require the most motor unit recruitment when using a 15 lb weight? a. concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second b. eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second c. concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second d. they would all be about the same

a. concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second

Which of the following would have the lowest MG integral with a 15 lb weight? a. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec b. isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec c. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec they would all be about the same

a. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit hepatic glucose output? select all that apply a. insulin b. growth hormone c. glycogen d. cortisol e. glucagon norepinephrine g. epinephrine

a. insulin

Which of the following changes would cause the smallest increase in Torque? a. knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec b. knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec

a. knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec

You are working with a 26 year old physically active young woman. She exercises 20-30 minutes (mostlv aerobic activities) 3-4 davs 1 during each week and does hour long exercise classes once or twice each weekend (spinning, Yoga, Pilates, aqua aerobics, and others). She weighs 160 pounds, is 5 feet 4 inches tall, has an estimated VO2max of 35 ml/kg.min, a waist to hip ratio of .83, is 24 percent body fat as determined by electrical impedance and is 21 percent body fat based on skinfold measurements. Select the statements below that best reflect her weight status (healthy weight, overweight, obese, or underweight), her health related fitness status (unfit, average fitness, above average fitness) and health risk. a. she is overweight based on her BMI b. she has well above average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat c. she is obese based on her BMI d. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as obese e. she has slightly below average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat f. she has slightly above average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat g. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as average healthy weight h. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as underweight i. she is of about average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat based on all available information I would clasify this subject as overweight k. she has a healthy body weight based on her BMI she has average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat m. she is underweight based on her BMI n. she is of above average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat o. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as slightly overweight

a. she is overweight based on her BMI f. she has slightly above average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat i. she is of about average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat o. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as slightly overweight

________ is a strategy the nervous system employs to reduce the liklihood of fatigue by alternating which motor units are being used.

asyncrhonous motor unit recruitment

Which of the following would produce the least force? :a. they would all be about the same b. concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec c. concentric bicep curl 30 deg /sec d. concentric bicep curl 180 deg /sec

b. concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec

When using the hold-relax procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena? a. none of the above b. Inverse stretch reflex c. crossed extensor reflex d. myotatic stretch reflex e. reciprocal inhibition f. withdrawal reflex

b. Inverse stretch reflex

You are the instructor of an exercise physiology lab course. All students enrolled in your course have just performed a Wingate test. One of the subjects you tested was a 5'4", 145 pound male 400m runner on the track team (his 400m PR is 48.6 seconds). For this athlete, which Wingate variable would you expect to be highest compared to the rest of the class? a. Absolute Anaerobic Capacity b. Relative Anaerobic Capacity c. Relative Maximum Anaerobic Power d. Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power e. Accumulated 02 deficit

b. Relative Anaerobic Capacity

Which of the following would be associated with more glycolysis in the body? a. an increase in hydrogen ions b. a decrease in ATP c. an decrease in pH d. A decrease in ADP e. a decrease in citrate f. An increase in ATP g. high intensity exercise h. low intensity exercise an increase in citrate i increased recruitment of IIX muscle fibers k. An increase in ADP

b. a decrease in ATP e. a decrease in citrate J. increased recruitment of IIX muscle fibers k. An increase in ADP

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the decrease in jump height between the 0.25m and 0.5m drop jumps? a. none of these answers b. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment c. activation of muscle spindles, which may have increased motor unit recruitment d. two of these answers e. better use of energy return from elastic proteins like elastin and titin Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 13 6.80E+00 No counter moment jump 11 6.80E+00 drop jump from 0.25m 16 7.34E+00 drop jump from 0.5m 14 5.88E+00

b. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subiect perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement and no-counter movement jump? a. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment b. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment c. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment d. two of these answers e. none of these answers Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 14 0.000085 No counter moment jump 12 0.000077 drop jump from 0.25m 16 0.000092 drop jump from 0.5m 18 0.000092

b. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment

Which of the following would be associated with low PFK activity in the body? a. high intensity exercise b. an increase in citrate c. An increase in ATP d. a decrease in hydrogen ions e. low intensity exercise f. An increase in ADP g. a decrease in citrate h. A decrease in ADP i. an increase in pH J. increased recruitment of type IIX muscle fibers k. a decrease in ATP

b. an increase in citrate c. An increase in ATP e. low intensity exercise h. A decrease in ADP

The EMG data below was collected during a variety of activities from the abdominal muscles (abs) and from the rectus femoris (hip flexors). Which of the following exercises best activates the abdominal muscles? a. plank b. bent knee sit up c. crunch d. two of these are equally good e. straight leg sit up Abs Hip Flexors Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric straight leg Sit up 1.71E-04 1.37E-04 1.29-04 4.90-05 Bent Knee sit up 1.96E-04 1.57E-04 1.38E-04 5.80E-05 Crunch 1.85E-04 1.48E-04 9.80E-05 1.80E-05 plank (isometric) 1.81 E-04 9.40E-05

b. bent knee sit up

The EMG data below was collected during a variety of activities from the abdominal muscles (abs) and from the rectus femoris (hip flexors). Which of the following exercises best isolates the abdominal muscles? a. plank b. bent knee sit up c. straight leg sit up d. crunch e. two of these are equally good Abs Concentric Eccentric straight leg Sit up 7.80E-05 6.24E-05 Bent Knee sit up 6.08E-05 4.87E-05 Crunch 8.19-05 6.55E-05 plank (isometric) 8.19E-05 Hip Flexors Concentric Eccentric 1.31E-04 5.10E-05 8.52E-05 5.15E-06 8.90E-05 9.00E-06 1.43E-04

b. bent knee sit up

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the 0.5m drop jump and the 0.25m drop jump? a. all of these answers b. better use of the elastic components of the muscle c. none of these answers d. the initiation of a stretch reflex e. the initiation of an inverse stretch reflex Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 14 0.000085 No counter moment jump 12 0.000077 drop jump from 0.25m 16 0.000092 drop jump from 0.5m 18 0.000092

b. better use of the elastic components of the muscle

Which of the following would produce the least force? a. Isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio b. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c. they would all be about the same d. Isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

b. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a. they would all be about the same b. concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec c. concentric bicep curl 180 deg/sec d. concentric bicep curl 300 deg/sec

b. concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

Which of the following hormones would tend to stimulate lipolysis? select all that apply a. glycogen b. epinephrine c. cortisol D insulin e. growth hormone f. glucagon g. norepinephrine

b. epinephrine c. cortisol e. growth hormone f. glucagon g. norepinephrine

The following figure depicts MG and iEM activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data? a, failure to release enough calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. failure to release enough acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction c. an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers d. a decrease in pH in the muscle fibers e. PCr depletion

b. failure to release enough acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction

which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase muscle glycogen breakdown? a. pyruvate dehydrogenase b. glucagon c. epinephrine d. phosphofructokinase e. phosphorylase f. hormone sensative lipase g. insulin h. glycogen synthase

b. glucagon c. epinephrine

Which of the following would produce the most torque? a. they would all be about the same b. isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg) C. isokinetic knee extension full extension (170-180deg) d. isokinetic knee extension early extension (90-100deg)

b. isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg)

Poor strength of the vastus medialis relative to the vastus lateralis (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vasts medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subject's vastus laterals (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises .Which of the following exercises best activates the VMO? a. single leg squat b. isometric quad contraction c. seated straight leg raise d. two of these are equally good e. Heel drop off of stair

b. isometric quad contraction

______ is when more motor units are recruited in order to produce more force. a. Size principle b. multiple motor unit summation c. twitch summation d. asyncrhonous motor unit recruitment e. tetanus

b. multiple motor unit summation

_______ is related to the orderly recruitment of motor units from most aerobic to least aerobic a. twitch summation b. size principle c. asyncrhonous motor unit recruitment d. tetanus e. multiple motor unit summation

b. size principle

In one of our lab VIl experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise > intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true? a. high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calicum concentrations, which increaseses glycogenolysis b.an increase in ADP concentrations when we go from low to moderate intensity exercise would decrease PFK activity and increase carbohydrate use C. during moderate intensity exercise a smaller percentage of calories comes from circulating fuels than during low intensity exercise D. the amount of calories coming from intramuscular triglycerides increases when we change from low to moderate intensity exercise e. high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use F. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease phosphorylase activity, which tends to increase g. high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase muscle glycogen breadkwon

b.an increase in ADP concentrations when we go from low to moderate intensity exercise would decrease PFK activity and increase carbohydrate use F. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease phosphorylase activity, which tends to increase

Which of the following changes would cause the biggest increase in Torque? a. they would all be about the same b. knee extensors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec c. knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec d. knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec

c. knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec

Which of the following blood glucose values falls in the normal (not hyperglycemic, diabetic, or hypoglycemic) fasting range? (note: mg% = mg/100ml = mg/di) а. 600 mg% b. 8 mg% c. 80 mg% d. 140 mg% е. 1.5 mg%

c. 80 mg%

You are the instructor of an exercise physiology lab course. All students enrolled in your course have just performed a Wingate test. One of the subjects you tested was a 105 pound female cross country runner. For this athlete, which variable would you expect to be highest compared to the rest of the class? a. Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power b. Relative Anaerobic Capacity c. Fatigue Index d. Accumulated 02 deficit e. Absolute Anaerobic Capacity

c. Fatigue Index

During the first phase of the hold-relax with agonist contraction procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena? a. myotatic stretch reflex b. none of the above c. Inverse stretch reflex d. withdrawal reflex e. reciprocal inhibition f. crossed extensor reflex

c. Inverse stretch reflex

You are the instructor of an exercise physiology lab course. All students enrolled in your course have just performed a Wingate test. One of the subjects you tested was a150 pound female sprinter on the track team. She specializes in the 100m and 4x100m relay. Her best 100m time 11.79 seconds. For this subject, which of the following Wingate test variables would be highest compared to other females in the class? a. Absolute Anaerobic Capacity b. Relative Anaerobic Capacity c. Relative Maximum Anaerobic Power d. Accumulated 02 deficit e. Fatigue Index

c. Relative Maximum Anaerobic Power

If we were using fine wire EMG and observed an increase in EMG frequency when our subject produced more force, this would be evidence of what type of summation? a. temporal summation b. multiple motor unit summation c. Twitch summation d. spatial summation e. asyncrhonous motor unit recruitment

c. Twitch summation

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the 0.25m drop jump and 0.5m drop jump? a. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment b. none of these answers c. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment d. two of these answers e. better use of energy return from proteins like elastin and titin Jump Height (in) EMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 15 0.000130 No counter moment jump 1.3 0.000130 drop jump from 0.25m 17 0.000130 drop jump from 0.5m 19 0.000140

c. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement and no-counter movement jump? a. two of these answers b. none of these answers c. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment d. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment e. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment Counter movement jump No counter moment jump drop jump from 0.25m drop jump from 0.5m Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) 14 0.000085 12 0.000077 16 0.000092 18 0.000092

c. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment

The following figure depicts MG and iMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most likely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? a. high serotonin levels in parts of the brain b. a reduced firing rate of motor neurons c. an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers d. reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex e. glycogen depletion

c. an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers

You are working with a 26 year old young woman who walks somewhat regularly (especially from class to class) but reports no other regulary physical acitivity. She weighs 140 pounds, is 5 feet 7 inches tall, has an estimated VO2max of 27.5 ml/kg.min, a waist to hip ratio of .82, is 30 percent body fat as determined by electrical impedance and is 34 percent body fat based on skinfold measurements. Select the statements below that best reflect her weight status (healthy weight, overweight, obese, or underweight), her health related fitness status (unfit, average fitness, above average fitness) and health risk. a based on all available information I would clasify this subject as average healthy weight b. she has slightly above average health risk based on her BMI and WHR c. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as normal weight, but overfat d. she is obese based on her BMI e. she has average health risk based on her BMI and WHR f. she has a healthy body weight based on her BMI g. she is of below average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat h. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as obese i. she is of about average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat j. she has below average health risk based on her BMI and WHR and %body fat k. she is overweight based on her BMI she is of above average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat m. she is underweight based on her BMI n. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as overweight o. she has well above average health risk based on her BMI and WHR based on all available information I would clasify this subject as underweight

c. based on all available information I would clasify this subject as normal weight, but overfat e. she has average health risk based on her BMI and WHR f. she has a healthy body weight based on her BMI g. she is of below average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the 0.25m drop jump and the 0.5m drop jump? a, all of these answers b. the initiation of a stretch reflex c. better use of the elastic components of the muscle d. none of these answers e. the initiation of an inverse stretch reflex Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 15 8.50E-05 No counter moment jump 13 7.65E-05 drop jump from 0.25m 17 8.50E-05 drop jump from 0.5m 19 8.50E-05

c. better use of the elastic components of the muscle

Which of the following would have the highest MG integral with a 20 pound weight? a. concentric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio b. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d. they would all be about the same

c. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

Which of the following would have the highest MG integral with a 15 lb weight? a. isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec d. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

c. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec

Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a. concentric bicep curl 300 deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec d. concentric bicep curl 180 deg/sec

c. concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

Which of the following would produce the least torque? a. concentric knee extension 30 deg/sec b. they would all be the same c. concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec d. a. concentric knee extension 180 deg/sec

c. concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec

Which of the following would have the lowest iMG integral when using a 15 lb weight? a. concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second b. eccentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second c. eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second d. they would all be about the same

c. eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second

Which of the following would produce the greatest torque? a. eccentric knee extension 60 deg/sec b. eccentric knee extension 30deg/sec c. eccentric knee extension 90 deg/sec d. they would all be about the same

c. eccentric knee extension 90 deg/sec

If you were performing a hold relax PNF procedure to try to improve hamstring flexibility, which of the following muscles/muscle groups would we contract as a part of this procedure? a. quadriceps femoris b. two of these c. hamstrings d. gastrocnemius e. hone of these f. dorsiflexors (e.g. tibialis anterior andextensor diegitorum longsus

c. hamstrings

In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true? a. high intensity exercise increases epinephrine secretion, which tends to increase glycogen breakdown b. high intensity exercise increases cytoplasmic calicum concentrations, which increaseses glycogenolysis and increases carbohydrate use c. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease muscle glycogen breakdown d. high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use e. higher intensities are associated with greater use of carbohydrates than low intensities F. moderate intensity exercise is associated with greater use of muscle triglyceride use than at very low intensities g. higher intensities are associated with greater use of muscle glycogen than low intensities

c. high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease muscle glycogen breakdown

which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase triglyceride stores in adipose tissue? a. phosphofructokinase b. glucagon c. insulin d. hormone sensative lipase e. phosphorylase f pyruvate dehydrogenase

c. insulin

Which of the following would produce the most torque? a, isokinetic knee extension full extension (170-180deg) b. isokinetic knee extension early extension (90-100deg) c. isokinetic Knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg) d. they would all be about the same

c. isokinetic Knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg)

Which of the following would have the lowest MG activity with a 20 pound weight at mid flexion (~90degrees)? a. isometric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin b. concentric action with good overlap of actin and myosin c. isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin d. they would all be about the same

c. isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin

If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer say that the wet bulb temperature was 56F and the dry bulb temperature was 67F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 33.2. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances? a. It is very humid b. there is low humidity c. it is neither very humid, nor very dry d. the information provided does not have enough information to identify the humidity

c. it is neither very humid, nor very dry Humid = less than 5deg difference Neither = 12-15 deg difference Dry = higher than 15deg difference

Which of the following changes would cause the smallest increase in Torque? a. knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec d. knee flexors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec

c. knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec

Considering pennate muscles and parallel muscles, which of the following is/are NOT true? A. three of the answers are NOT true B. pennate arrangements would increase the physiological cross sectional area compared to parallel muscles c. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force D. pennate arrangements allow for greater force production/strength compared to parallel arrangements E. Parallel arrangements are generally associated with longer muscle fibers than pennate arrangments

c. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force

Which of the following hormones would tend to increase hepatic glucose output? a. insulin b. growth hormone c. norepinephrine d. epinephrine e. glucagon f. cortisol g. glycogen

c. norepinephrine d. epinephrine e. glucagon f. cortisol

Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes breakdown of glycogen? a. insulin b. glucagon c. phosphorylase d. glycogen e. glycogenesis f. glycogen synthase g. phosphofructokinase

c. phosphorylase

Poor strength of the vasts medialis relative to the vastus lateralis (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vastus medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subject's vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises.Which of the following exercises best isolates the VL? a. isometric quad contraction b. two of these are equally good c. single leg squat d. seated straight leg raise e. Heel drop off of stair VMO VL Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric Heel drop off of stair (ecc phase 1st) 0.000078 6.24E-05 0.000131 0.000105 Single leg squat 0.000061 4.87E-05 0.000136 0.000109 seated straight leg raise 0.000071 5.68E-05 0.000087 6.96E-05 isometric quad contraction 0.000069 0.000123

c. single leg squat

Which of the following would require the greatest recruitment of motor units with a 20 pound weight? a. they would all be about the same b. isometric action with good leverage c. isometric action with poor leverage d. concentric action with poor leverage

d. concentric action with poor leverage

Which of the following would have the highest MG integral with a 20 pound weight at mid flexion (~90degrees)? a. they would all be about the same b. concentric action with good overlap of actin and myosin c. isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin d. concentric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin

d. concentric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin

Which of the following would require the most motor unit recruitment when using a 15 lb weight? a. they would all be about the same b. eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second C. concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second d. concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second

d. concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second

Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a. isometric bicep curl O deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec d. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

d. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

Which of the following would require the least amount of motor unit recruitment with a 15 lb weight? a. concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec b. they would all be about the same c. isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec d. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

d. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec

If you were performing a hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure to try to improve gastrocnemius flexibility, which of the following muscles/muscle groups would we contract as during the first phase of this procedure? a, quadriceps femoris b. none of these c. two of these d. gastrocnemius e. dorsiflexors (e.g. tibialis anterior andextensor diegitorum longsus f. hamstrings

d. gastrocnemius

During the first phase of the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure, which of the following types of receptors is theoretically being used to help us improve range of motion? a. muscle spindles b. group Ill and IV afferents c. Ruffini endings and muscle spindles d. golgi tendon organs e. cutaneous Ruffini endings f. Joint kinesthetic receptors

d. golgi tendon organs

Which of the following would have the least EMG activity when using a 15 lb weight? а. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio b. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c. they would all be about the same d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

d. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio

The EMG data below was collected during a variety of activities from the abdominal muscles (abs) and from the rectus femoris (hip flexors). Which of the following exercises best isolates the abdominal muscles? a. straight leg sit up b. bent knee sit up c. two of these are equally good d. plank e. crunch Abs Hip Flexors Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric straight leg Sit up 1.71 E-04 1.37E-04 1.29E-04 4.90E-05 Bent Knee sit up 1.96E-04 1.57E-04 1.38E-04 5.80E-05 Crunch 1.85E-04 1.48E-04 9.80E-05 1.80E-05 plank (isometric) 1.81 E-04 9.40E-05

d. plank

The difference between the upper (red) MG tracing and the lower (green) iEMG tacing is that the lower tracing has been ________ a. high pass filtered b. low pass filtered c. positivitied d. rectified E. Normalized

d. rectified

Poor strength of the vasts medialis relative to the vasts laterals (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vasts medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subiect's vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises. Which of the following exercises best isolates the VMO? a. Heel drop off of stair b. seated straight leg raise c. isometric quad contraction d. single leg squat e. two of these are equally good VMO VL Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric Heel drop off of stair (ecc phase 1st) 7.80E-05 -8.72E-04 1.31-04 1.05E-04 Single leg squat 7.64E-05 -8.74E-04 8.52E-05 6.81E-05 seated straight leg raise 7.10E-05 -8.79E-04 8.90E-05 7.12E-05 isometric quad contraction 8.27E-05 1.43E-04

d. single leg squat

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the decrease in jump height between the 0.25m drop jump and the 0.5m drop jump? a. better use of the elastic components of the muscle b. all of these answers c. none of these answers d. the initiation of an inverse stretch reflex e. the initiation of a stretch reflex Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 16 8.50E-05 No counter moment jump 14 8.50E-05 drop jump from 0.25m 19 9.18E-05 drop jump from 0.5m 17 7.34E-05

d. the initiation of an inverse stretch reflex

Which of the following would have the lowest EMG integral? a. isokinetic knee extension full extension (170-180deg) b. isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg) c. isokinetic knee extension early extension (90-100deg) d. they would all be about the same

d. they would all be about the same

Poor strength of the vasts medialis relative to the vastus lateralis (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vasts medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subject's vasts lateralis (VL) and vasts medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises. Which of the following exercises best activates the VMO? VMO Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric Heel drop off of stair (ecc phase 1st) 0.000078 6.24E-05 0.000131 0.000105 Single leg squat 0.000061 4.87E-05 0.000136 0.000109 seated straight leg raise 0.000071 5.68E-05 0.000087 6.96E-05 isometric quad contraction 0.000069 0.000123 a. isometric quad contraction b. two of these are equally good c. seated straight leg raise d. single leg squat e. Heel drop off of stair

e. Heel drop off of stair

Which of the following would be associated with high PFK activity in the body? a. an increase in citrate b. low intensity exercise c. A decrease in ADP d. an decrease in pH e. a decrease in citrate f. an increase in hydrogen ions g. An increase in ADP h. a decrease in ATP i. increased recruitment of lIX muscle fibers J. An increase in ATP k. high intensity exercise

e. a decrease in citrate g. An increase in ADP h. a decrease in ATP i. increased recruitment of lIX muscle fibers

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement and no-counter movement jump? a. two of these answers b. none of these answers c. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment d. activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment e. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment Counter movement jump No counter moment jump drop jump from 0.25m drop jump from 0.5m Selected Answer: Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) 14 0.000085 12 0.000077 16 0.000092 18 0.000092

e. activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment

The EMG data below was collected during a variety of activities from the abdominal muscles (abs) and from the rectus femoris (hip flexors). Which of the following exercises best activates the hip flexors? a. crunch b. straight leg sit up c. plank d. two of these are equally good e. bent knee sit up Abs Hip Flexors Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric straight leg Sit up 1.71 E-04 1.37E-04 1.29E-04 4.90E-05 Bent Knee sit up 1.96E-04 1.57E-04 1.38E-04 5.80E-05 Crunch 1.85E-04 1.48E-04 9.80E-05 1.80E-05 plank (isometric) 1.81E-04 9.40E-05

e. bent knee sit up

During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded MG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement jump and the no-counter moment jump? Jump Height (in) iEMG activity (V) Counter movement jump 17 0.000087 No counter moment jump 15 0.000087 drop jump from 0.25m 19 0.000087 drop jump from 0.5m 21 0.000094 a. none of these answers b. the initiation of an inverse stretch reflex c. the initiation of a stretch reflex d. all of these answers e. better use of the elastic components of the muscle

e. better use of the elastic components of the muscle

The following figure depicts MG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data? a. failure to release enough calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. a decrease in pH in the muscle fibers c. an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers d. PCr depletion e. glycogen depletion

e. glycogen depletion

Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase lipolysis in adipose tissue? a. none of these answers b. lipoprotein lipase c. phosphofructokinase d. phosphorylase E. hormone sensative lipase

e. hormone sensative lipase

Which of the following hormones would increase glycogenolysis in adipose tissue? select all that apply a. norepinephrine b. glucagon c. insulin d. cortisol e. this process doesn't occur in this tissue f. epinephrine g. growth hormone

e. this process doesn't occur in this tissue

Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in adipose tissue? select all that apply a. glucagon b. norepinephrine c. insulin d. cortisol e. growth hormone f. this process doesn't occur in this tissue g. epinephrine

f. this process doesn't occur in this tissue

When using the hold-relax with agonist contraction procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena? a. Inverse stretch reflex b. withdrawal reflex c. withdrawal reflex and myotatic stretch reflex d. reciprocal inhibition e. myotatic stretch reflex crossed extensor reflex g. inverse stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition

g. inverse stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition

A version of this figure can be found in your textbook and is taken from a classic study by Romjin et al (Am J Physiology, 1993). It depicts different sources of fuel used to support muscular activity at different intensities. Please match the major sources of fuel with the correct shaded ares on the figure. (Note: you do not need to memorize this figure - think about what fuels are used preferentially in these different intensity ranges. )

i muscle glycogen ii muscle triglycerides iii plasma free fatty acids iv plasma glucose

In lab one of our experiments looked at the effects of velocity and type of action (concentric, eccentric, isometric) on the abiltiy to produce force during knee extension and flexion exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer. The figure below depcits some of this data. Match the points on the figure with the best descriptions below. the axis that represents the torque axis that represents velocity eccentric velocity of 90 degrees/second speed 0 degrees/second concentric velocity of 300 degrees/second The curve for the extensor muscles The curve for the flexor muscles

the axis that represents the torque - (vertical line) axis that represents velocity - letter in horizontal line) eccentric velocity of 90 degrees/second - (far left letter) speed 0 degrees/second - bottom of vertical line concentric velocity of 300 degrees/second - far right letter The curve for the extensor muscles - top graph line The curve for the flexor muscles - bottom graph line

Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. Large male 200m sprinter (best time 20.6s) Small Male 100m sprinter (best time 10.96s) average sized male 1500m (middle distance) runner (best 1500m time 3:54.6 sec) average sized male half marathoner (best time 1hr, 4 min, 36 sec)

• VO2max 40.7 ml/kg.min • LT at 49% of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 1.296 W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 15.13 W/kg Accumulated 02 deficit 76 ml/kg • VO2max 42.6 ml/kg.min • LT at 42% of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 1,032W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 15.9 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 70 ml/kg • VO2max 74.5 ml/kg.min • LT at 81% of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 698W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 10.2 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 74.4 ml/kg • VO2max 81 ml/kg.min • LT at 91% of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 547 W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 8.13 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 49 ml/kg

Which of the following best describes the hold relax PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle?

• We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. • Then we had the subject contract their gastrocnemius submaximally and then maximally while we held their foot in place • then had them relax while we pushed their leg further

Poor strength of the vasts medialis relative to the vastus lateralis (the largest and strongest of the quadriceps muscles) can contribute to poor tracking of the patella during extension of the knee. This can result in patellofemoral pain. It would thus be very helpful to identify activities that are good at isolating the vastus medialis so that it can specifically be strengthened. The following data were recorded from a single subject's vastus laterals (VL) and vastus medialis (VMO) muscles during the concentric phase of several exercises Which of the following exercises best isolates the VMO? a. single leg squat b. isometric quad contraction c. Heel drop off of stair d. two of these are equally good • e. seated straight leg raise VMO VL Concentric Eccentric Concentric Eccentric Heel drop off of stair (ecc phase 1st) 0.000078 6.24E-05 0.000131 0.000105 Single leg squat 0.000061 4.87E-05 0.000136 0.000109 seated straight leg raise 0.000071 5.68E-05 0.000087 6.96E-05 isometric quad contraction 0.000069 0.000123

• e. seated straight leg raise

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest ATPase activity? IX |AX lIC IIA I

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest amount of SERCAs? lIX IIAX lIC I IIA

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest amount of glycolytic enzymes?

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest amount of glycolytic enzymes? lIX lIC IIA I IIAX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the most myoglobin?

Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the least glycogen? I IIA lIC IIAX lIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the most intramuscular triglycerides (lipids)?

Myosin heavy chain IIA and Myosin heavy chain lIX would both be found in which fiber type? lIC IIAX I IIX IIA

IIAX

Myosin heavy chain IIA and Myosin heavy chain I would both be found in which fiber type?

IIC

Myosin heavy chain IIX would be the predominant type of myosin in which fiber type?

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the highest PFK (phosphofructokinase) activity? |IA lIAX lIC IIX I

IIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the least myoglobin? IIX IIC I IX

IIX

Which of the following torque curves looks most like the torque curve we recorded for the hamstrings on the Biodex in lab (video)?

k curve that increases then plateaus then decreases

Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has its sticking point at 180?

k increasing graph

O Constantly increasing curcve

O Continually increasing curve

O Graph that goes up then down a little, then up

How much power is produced when performing a squat, your subject moved a/n 192 pound weight a distance of 0.38 meters in 0.76 seconds. No units required

427.6 192/2.2=

Your subject is a 165 pound female exercising in a 19.0 • C lab. Her HR is 136 bpm, her blood lactate is 3.7 mM, her VO2 is 1.98 L/min, her RER is 0.80, her core temperature is 38.0 • C, her average skin temperature is 33.0 • C, and her resting VO2 was 0.28 L/min. What is her thermal gradient. No units required.

5 Thermal gradient = core - skin

Which of the following MG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has a very low force arm:resistance arm ratio at 135о ?

M Arrow shaped graph

Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a. knee flexors slow speed b. Knee extensors slow speed c. knee flexors medium speed d. they would all be about the same

b. Knee extensors slow speed

How much power is produced when performing an isometric bench press, your subject held a/n 115 pound weight a distance of 0.41 meters off the floor for 0.47 seconds.

0 - isometric

How much power is produced when performing an isometric bicep curl, your subject held a/n 27 pound weight a distance of 0.26 meters off the floor for 0.27 seconds. No units required

0 - isometric

Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase triglyceride breakdow in adipose tissue? a. phosphorylase b. lipoprotein lipase c. phosphofructokinase d. none of these answers e. hormone sensative lipase

e. hormone sensative lipase

The following figure depicts MG and iMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? a. reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex b. insufficient acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction c. inhibited recruitment of motor units d. high serotonin levels in parts of the brain e. low pH inhibiting PFK, which would reduce ATP production

e. low pH inhibiting PFK, which would reduce ATP production

which of the following is/are enzymes that would tend to increase blood lactate if their activity increased? a. glucagon b. glycogen synthase c. pyruvate dehydrogenase d. epinephrine e. phosphofructokinase f. hormone sensative lipase g. insulin h. phosphorylase

e. phosphofructokinase h. phosphorylase

Your subject is an 23 year old female who weighs 201 lbs. You previously determined that her maximal voluntary contraction force was 26 lbs and her iEMG integral during the MVC was 0.000286. During lab today you had her hold a 10 pound weight isometrically for a few seconds and her integral during this lift was 0.000099. What is her normalized iMG activity for this lift?

34.6 (0.000099/0.000286)x100

Your subiect is a 170 pound female'subject who is exercising on a treadmill. Her VO2 is 1.5 L/min and her RER is 0.85. Her resting VO2 was 0.38 L/min. How many METs is she exercising at? (no units required, calculate to the nearest tenth)

5.5

Your subject is a 121 pound female subject who is exercising on a treadmill. Her VO2 is 1.2 L/min and her RER is 0.83. This subject is exercising at how many times their resting metabolic rate? (no units required, calculate to the nearest tenth)

6.2

The following image shows the MG and i§MG activity of the biceps brachii during two muscle actions (X and Y). If one of these actions was in the supinated position and one was in the pronated position, which action is likely the pronated position?

Action Y (thinner line on right)

Which of the following statements are true regarding the Oxygen deficit and EPOC collected on a trained individual completing a moderate intensity exercise bout A. Oxygen Deficit will be larger than EPOC B. EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit c. The Oxygen Deficit will be equivalent to EPOC as the EPOC simply repays the Oxygen Deficit D. Oxygen deficits and EPOC are only characteristics of high intensity workloads

B. EPOC will be larger than Oxygen Deficit

Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism that contributes to peripheral fatigue of skeletal muscle? A. an increae in Pi can potentially result in its precipitation with calcium in the SR and thus impair SR calcium release B. lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production c. depletion of PC stores can contribute to peripheral fatigue D. H+ can inhibit phosphofructokinase and thus slow ATP production, and thus play a role in peripheral fatigue E. durign long duration activities, glycogen depletion can contribute to peripheral fatigue

B. lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production

Considering pennate muscles and parallel muscles, which of the following is/are NOT true? A. three of the answers are NOT true B. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force C. pennate arrangements would increase the physiological cross sectional area compared to parallel muscles D. Parallel arrangements are generally associated with longer muscle fibers than pennate arrangments E. pennate arrangements allow for greater force production/strength compared to parallel arrangements

B. longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force

Which of the following would require the greatest number of motor units to be recruited? a. isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio b. they would all be about the same C. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d. isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

C. concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio

Proprioceptive information that is perceived by the subject is brought up the spinal cord via ascending spinal cord tracts called the Anterolateral spinothalamic tracts Dorsal Columns/Lemniscal system Pyramidal tracts Corticospinal tracts Afferent nervous system

Dorsal Columns/Lemniscal system

Which of the following influence the rate of evaporation of sweat from the body during thermal stress? A. Temperature and Relative Humidity B Convective wind currents around the body C. Amount of skin surface area exposed D. A and C only E. C and D only F.A, B, and C

F.A, B, and C

In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On female subjects we tested suprailium, anterior thigh, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.

Far left person, right mid tricep

Which of the following fiber types would have the lowest frequency required to achevie tetanus? | IIC IIA lIAX lIX

Which of the following fiber types would tend to be the largest diameter fibers in women? I IX lIAX lIA lIC

Which of the following torque curves looks most like the torque curve we recorded for the quadriceps femoris on the Biodex in lab (video)?

L (Up and down curve)

In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On male subjects we tested anterior thigh, umbilicus, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.

Upper left pec by armpit

Which of the following would require the greatest recruitment of motor units with a 20 pound weight? a, concentric action with poor leverage b. isometric action with poor leverage c. they would all be about the same d. isometric action with good leverage

a, concentric action with poor leverage

Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses. Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. small female 100m sprinter (best time 11.32s) large female 200m sprinter (best time 22.59s) average sized female 1500m (middle distance) runner (best 1500m time 4min 14.6 sec) small female marathoner (best time 2 hrs 26 min 58 sec)

• VO2max 33.6 ml/kg.min • LT at 44.5% of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 632 W • Relative Max Anaeroba Power 10.2 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 71.2 mi/kg • VO2max 31.6 ml/kg.min • LT at 41 % of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 788 W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 9.9 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 69.1 ml/kg • VO2max 67.2 ml/kg.min • LT at 79.6 % of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 441 W • Relative Max Anaerobic Power 7.2 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 68.5 mi/kg • VO2max 69.1 ml/kg.min • LT at 93.1 % of VO2max • Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 351 W •Relative Max Anaerobic Power 7.1 W/kg • Accumulated 02 deficit 46.5 ml/kg

Exam 2 labs 6-10

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