Exam 3

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external forces

-general environments (political & legal, sociocultural, technological, economic, and internal) -task environments (customers, suppliers, competitors, substitutes, and potential new entrants)

change strategy

A plan to move from the current state to the future state to achieve the desired business objectives. even globally

comprehensive model of planned change

A step-by-step plan for implementing major change

___________ is the stage in which task forces, project teams or committees complete their task and disband.

Adjourning

The right to give work orders in the organization; associated with a position within an organization, not with the individual occupying that position can be defined as?

Authority

Which term best defines the design of jobs based on the view that workers are independent parts of the production process whose individual characteristics should be taken into account in forming jobs?

Behavioral approach to job design

Christian is part of a product development team. His role is to collect information from the marketing department and from the production department to later use that knowledge with his team to improve the design of new product not only having in mind the customer, but also the operational cost. What is the group role that Christian is demonstrating?

Boundary-Spanning Role

Which term is best described by an organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management?

Chain of Command

__________ involves changing the processes of communicating, motivating, leading, and interacting in groups.

Changing people processes and culture

Fernando, manager/owner of Shaffer Inn at Faribault, decided to change the orientation/training process that every new employee does to improve customer service. What type of organization change is Shaffer Inn taking?

Changing people, processes, and culture

A union and a major company negotiate on a 3% increase in salary adjustment in a way that both parties find acceptable. What type of conflict management style is it?

Compromising style

The number of defects have increased 5% in the last 8 months. In order to find the problem a group with people from R&D, production, and finance has been formed. What type of group or team is it?

Cross functional

____________________ groups that cut across the firm's hierarchy and are composed of people from different functional areas and possibly different levels.

Cross-functional

________ is when authority is dispersed to several positions at various levels in the organization.

Decentralization

_________ is the assignment of work activities and authority to a subordinate.

Delegation

________ is the grouping of related jobs to form an administrative unit department, area, or center.

Departmentalization

_________ informs employees about the need for change and communicate the potential positive outcomes.

Education and communication

________ includes fewer layers, faster communication and decisions. Employees are empowered to make more decisions in this type of organization.

Flat Organizations

A product design team has failed to provide new attractive designs for the last 7 months . The group members consider disagreement with the group inappropriate, so they don't critically evaluate each design. What type of problem is the team facing?

Groupthink

_______ is an organization composed of several very different kinds of businesses, each of which is permitted to operate largely autonomously.

Holding company

_______ is a relatively small change in processes and behaviors within just one or a few systems or levels of the organization.

Incremental Change

Refreezing stage of change

Individuals aquire new attitudes and values are rewarded -Consolidate improvements + produce more change -Institutionalize new approaches

Co-optation

It seeks to buy off the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role in the change decision.

______ is a behavioral approach to job design aimed at increasing the number of tasks that comprise a job.

Job Enlargement

A behavioral approach to job design involving a deliberate plan to move workers to various jobs on a consistent, scheduled basis describes which term?

Job rotation

___________ provides stress counseling, special training, and simply good listening to reduce fear of change.

Managerial support

__________ is selectively distributing information to control the perception of a change.

Manipulation

__________ includes cross-functional engagement and problem-solving, flexibility in deploying resources, reducing cost, the balance of power between functions, and balance competing priorities.

Matrix's Benefits

Which term best describes structures that are highly formal, complex, and centralized?

Mechanistic Organizations

Unilever's research and development division is located in the USA. However, Unilever's team is form with managers located not only in USA, but also in France, India, and China. What kind of span control do you think it is used?

Narrow Span of Control

Which term best describes structures that are less formal, fairly simple, and decentralized?

Organic Organizations

_______ is a graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization.

Organizational Chart

________ is the difference between an organization's desired and actual performance levels.

Performance Gap

Malibu Coffee & Tea is competing in the Chinese market by adapting its offering and having Chinese teas and dessert as part of the menu. They put together a team and at the last meeting the members agree on how equitably to divide up the tasks for developing a new product line. They have been working efficiently and now they are turning in results. This group is at the ____ stage of group development.

Performing Stage

Google's employees can wear shorts, slacks, or jeans, t shirts or shirts. Clearly, at Google how people dress doesn't determine the likelihood of success at the company. What is the norm that Google's employees are responding to?

Peripheral

When Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos meets with product-development teams, he asks some very pointed questions about both the technical and financial aspects of the project. Those who are not prepared, might not last long at Amazon. What type of norm level is it?

Pivotal

_______ is a situation in which organizational members react spontaneously to external and internal forces but do little to modify these forces or their behaviors.

Reactive change

_______ stabilizes the organization at a new state of behavioral equilibrium.

Refreezing

_________ is a routine coordination of activities using rules and procedures that set priorities and guidelines for actions.

Rules and Procedures

example of relevant norms

Salesperson be on time for work

Which term is the principle of organizing whereby authority should flow through the organization from the bottom to the top, one level at a time?

Scalar Chain

______________________ is a team of employees who are responsible for a process or segment of a job that delivers a good or service to a customer either internal or external.

Self-directed work team

________ are positions intended to provide expertise, advice, and support to line positions. Have advisory authority; can give compulsory advice. Have functional authority to enforce compliance with organizational policies and procedures.

Staff Positions

Comcast is trying to compete for the Japanese market by offering more Japanese channels. They put together a team, but at the last meeting the members could not agree on how equitably to divide up the tasks for developing a marketing plan. Two people tried to assume leadership roles, which led to more conflict. This group is at the ____ stage of group development.

Storming

Harry, Michael, Richard and Claudia have being assigned to revise, modify and update the quality process handbook. After 6 months, they will have to turn in the manuscript and present the major changes to their boss. They will no longer remain as a team after that. What type of team or group is used in this case?

Task Force

Which of the following refers to a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change?

Task force

Job Specialization

The process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in different tasks over time

_______ is the principle that a subordinate should report to only one immediate superior.

Unity of Command

examples of large batch/mass-production technology

Whirlpool Corporation, Ford

An owner/manager of an auto body shop deals with customers and directs several experienced mechanics. What is the appropriate span of management?

Wide span of control (experience, knowledge, skill)

Which is NOT an advantage of job specialization?

Workers combat monotony by being absent and tardy.

network organization

a collection of independent, mostly single-function firms that collaborate on a good or service ex: vizio: only 3 people that started company, and they used this organization by figuring out who best providers were to provide the product. a lot cheaper and competitive

unrelated diversification

a growth strategy whereby a new business lacks any common elements with the present business

related diversification

a growth strategy whereby the current target market and/or marketing mix shares something in common with the new opportunity

managerial liaison roles

a manager coordinates interdependent units by acting as a common point of contact, facilitating the flow of information

type of team: committee

a permanent formal team that does some specific task

type of team: product development team

a special type of project team that is formed to devise, design, and implement a new product

Team structure

a structure in which the entire organization is made up of work teams with little or no underlying hierarchy ex: valve software: work in teams and individually; 300 employees

multidivisional structure

a structure that organizes departments into larger groups called divisions ex: CEO hotels look over multiple different hotel names like Hilton Inn, Embassy Suite, Hilton Garden Inn, etc

type of team: Research & Development (R&D) team

a team formed to conduct basic and applied research to discover new approaches that will add to the company's profitability

Peripheral Norms

accepted by some but are not important for success ex: dress code

employee participation

allowing employee participation in the deciding the distribution of rewards

job enrichment

attempts to overcome the deficiencies in specialized work by increasing the number of tasks and by giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work. *Includes decision making or granting authority*

managerial support

backing by top managers decreases resistance -managers must do more than talk about the importance of change; must provide training, resources & autonomy needed for change

task specialist role

behaviors oriented toward generating information and resolving problems ex: initiating activity summarizing

Starbucks decided to open stores in China. What type of change is Starbucks doing?

changing strategy

__________ involves changing the firm's fundamental approach to doing business.

changing strategy

moving stage of change

clarifies the need to change, explores alternatives, defines goals and objectives, plans the change, and implements the change plan

type of team: virtual teams

composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed co-workers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. members come from different departments, different levels, and perhaps different locations

groupthink

condition in which poor decision making occurs because the desire to maintain group cohesiveness precludes the critical evaluation of alternative courses of action

top managment team

consists of higher-level executives of the organization whose responsiblities include setting strategic goals for the firm

people, process and culture change

culture, values, attitudes, abilities and skills, performance

since the beginning of 2009, Dell has taken a different approach focusing around four customer groups: consumers, corporations, small and midsize businesses, and governments and educational buyers. Dell believes that an outward focus will empower managers to better respond to client needs. What type of division is Dell having?

customer division

anti-group roles

disrupt the group, draw attention to individual rather than group functioning, and detract from positive interactions. ex: dominating the conversation

example of periferical norms

dress code might be more important at IBM, but no at Levi's jeans (everyone wears Levi's jeans)

factors affecting organizational structure

environment, technology, strategy, size, organizational life cycle

outputs of the congruence model of change

finished products, Group commitment and cohesiveness, and Job satisfaction turn over

Ciplex, a marketing agency, cut down the number of middle managers which allowed the company to reduce costs by 25%. By changing the company structure, Ciplex is turning into a _____________ organization.

flat

Stages of Development

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Stages of Development: forming

group members meet for first time, become acquainted, and become familiar with the groups tasks

customer division structure

grouping activities to respond to and interact with specific customers and customer groups

A product development team has not created a new successful product for the last 2 years. The group has taken poor decisions because they prefer to agree on everything instead of critically evaluating each alternative course of action. What type of problem is the team facing?

groupthink

group maintenance role

help the group to engage in constructive interpersonal relationships and help derive satisfaction from group participation ex: encouraging, harmonizing, tension relieving

job enlargement

increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job. *You just have extra tasks*

change in technology and operations

information technology, equipment, work processes, work sequences, control systems

internal forces

inside the organization cause it to change its structure and strategy; some internal forces are responses to external pressures ex: owners, TMT, employees

Fernando, manager/owner of Shaffer Inn at Faribault, decided to change the orientation/training process that every new employee does to improve customer service. Even though there has not been competition's level changes or complains from customer. What is the Nature of this organization Change?

internal forces

boundary-spanning roles

involve interacting with members in other unites of the organization or outside ex: quality team visit and work with client

change in organization structure and design

job design, overall design, line staff structure, departmentalization, authority distribution, coordination mechanism

an IT manager also becomes responsible for information security is:

job enlargement

Store managers, at Whole Food, do not only take care of the profitability of the store, but also of the store design, which is based on location-specific customer's taste. Managers have the authority to buy a balanced portfolio of products that are locally and internationally produced. This is an example of

job enrichment

a product development team is given additional decision making authority over design

job enrichment

a civil engineering intern switched her job duties every three months

job rotation

quantum change

large scale plan change that involves significantly wondering how the firm operates

narrow span of control

manager has a limited number of people reporting (higher level managers set at 6-7)

wide span of control

manager has several people reporting (operative span for lower level: up to 30 workers)

unfreezing stage of change

managers try to instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation

tall organization

many layers of management and the span of control management is narrow

Stages of Development: performing

members have reached level of maturity that facilitates total task development

mind guarding

members of group prevent dissenting opinions from permeating the group by filtering out info that go against group beliefs

a manager in an international advertising agency directs a team of professionals who are located in offices around the world. customers are very diverse.

narrow span of control

tall organizations have what type of span of control?

narrow span of control

the more complex the job, the narrower or wider the span should be?

narrower

Relevant Norms

norms that are important, but not as critical as the pivotal norms ex: late, but productive

Product Organizational Structure

one product where all activities are integrated and coordinated ex: Kraft: made salad dressing, Mac&Cheese, Ketchup, lunch meat, etc

Wide span of control looks like:

one supervisor/owner and then up to 30 employees

narrow span of control looks like:

one supervisor/owner, than two regular employees, than lower level employees from that

________ is any modification in the behaviors of ideas of an organization or its units.

organizational change

Since the beginning of the year, store managers can choose what products should be on the shelves. Top managers decided to have this change so that Honeybee supermarkets have better product selection in each store. What type of change is it?

organizational structure and design

Geographic Departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

Apple CEO Tim Cook meets with product-development teams, he asks some very pointed questions about both the technical and financial aspects of the project. Team leaders and members must be prepared to answer these questions or they may not last long at Apple

pivotal norms

Managerial Hierarchy

placing one manager in charge of interdependent departments or units

_______ is the deliberate structuring of operations and behaviors, often in anticipation of environmental forces.

planned change

examples of continuous-process technology

process, refineries, British petroleum, Shell, Chemical refineries like Dow Chemical.

Inputs of the Congruence Model

raw material, environmental factor, customer feedback stratefy

matrix organization challenges

reduced accountability greater conflict employees may not understand what's expected of them slower decision making focus on internal politics at the expense of customer focus

job rotation

rotation attempts to overcome the disadvantages of job specialization by periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills.

type of team: project team

similar to task forces, but responsible for running their operations and are totally in control of a specific work projects

Grandganett Orthodontist has technology that allows dentists to provide a customized service to their patients. What is the basic level of technology used by Grandganett Orthodontist?

small batch technology

Stages of Development: storming

stage where conflict occurs as team members assert their roles, jockey for leadership positions, and make known their feelings and thoughts about the tasks

pivotal norms

standards that are critical for group success ex: members prepared

type of team: quality-assurance team

team formed to recommend changes that will positively affect the quality of the organization's products

type of team: self-directed work team

team of employees who are responsible for a process or segment of a job that delivers a good or service to a customer, either internal or external ex: not very popular anymore

difference between teams and groups

teams have more the ability to hold each other accountable, so they are more inclined to work harder as the team where as groups

processes of congruence model of change

technology, HR activity, culture structure

span of control

the number of people reporting to a manager

Job Design

the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs

small-batch technology

the production of small numbers of goods in response to a specific customer request

Stages of Development: norming

the stage where conflicts are resolved and harmony ensues

Stages of Development: adjourning

the tasks are completed and the team or group disbands

Abilene Paradox

the tendency of people to resist voicing their true thoughts or feelings in order to please others and avoid conflict

coercion

threatening people ex: threaten of firing if don't go with it

organizational structure

way that managers group jobs into departments and departments into divisions

flat organizations have what type of span of control?

wide span of control

functional organizational structure

work is arranged within main business functions such as production, operations, marketing, and human resources ex: managers of different functional areas all report up to one director or vice president who has responsibility for all of the operational areas.

matrix organizational structure

work is structured around specific projects, products, or customer groups ex: album manager, recording engineer, product manager, etc report to the music publisher


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