EXAM 3 BIO - DR. LACKEY Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely
Prophase
first stage after interphase chromosomes condense here
genotype
genetic makeup so answer w letters
Single-stranded DNA binding proteins
holds the DNA strands apart while they're being replicated
Ligase
joins Okazaki fragments together seals free ends
Besides the ability of some cancer cells to over proliferate, which of the following situations is most likely to result in a tumor
lack of appropriate cell death
Cytokinesis
last stage division of cytoplasm where 1 cell becomes 2
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand in DNA replication?
leading strand synthesized CONTINUOUSLY in 5'-->3' lagging strand DISCONTINUOUSLY 5'-->3'
Transcription
obtaining a copy of the info in a gene as a strand of messenger RNA
Semiconservative replication involves a template. Which of the following best describes the template molecule?
one strand of the DNA molecule
Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely _______ cell going through
plant cell in the process of cytokinesis because plant cells fuse creating a new cell along the midline has a continuous cell wall because of this
In pansies, purple (P) is dominant to yellow (p). What is the phenotype of a Pp pansy?
purple
Topoisomerase
relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork caused by the untwisting of the double helix
Synthesis
the S phase - apart of interphase DNA quantity in the cell doubles NOT the chromosomes though
The drug latrunculin inhibits normal chromosomal behavior. If sperm were treated with latrunculin at the end of metaphase I/beginning of anaphase I of meiosis, what is the first step of meiosis that would not occur correctly
the homologous chromosome pairs would not separate from each other
Sexual and asexual reproduction are alike in that _____
they both can occur in multicellular organisms
Metaphase
third phase of mitosis chromosomes line up in a single file straight line
The microtubule-organizing center found in animal cells is the centrosome
True
The region on duplicated chromosomes where the sister chromatids are most closely attached to each other is known as the centromere
True
Genetic variation occurs when chromosomes are shuffled during
crossing over and independent assortment
Five (5) cells with 6 chromosomes in G1 enter cell division at the same time. How many total cells do you end with after cytokinesis?
10
If 5 cells w/ 10 chromosomes undergo cytokinesis I, how many cells are present after
10
If there are 24 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
12
A single gene in a diploid human cell may have up to _____ different alleles
2
What do chromosomes in cytokinesis look like (I or X)
2 separate cells
If 5 cells w/ 10 chromosomes undergo cytokinesis II, how many cells are present after
20
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 10 picograms of DNA per nucleus. Approximately how many picograms of DNA would be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis?
20 because at the S phase the DNA doubled in the nucleus
5'-ATTGCA-3' whats the complementary strand
3'-TAACGT-5 OR 5'-ACGTTA-3'
A cell has 30% adenine, how much thymine & guanine does it have
30% thymine 20% guanine
What number and types of chromosomes are found in a typical human somatic cell?
44 autosomes & 2 sex chromosomes 2 sex ones determine our gender
How many chromosomes present in G1 (cells have 46)
46
How many chromosomes present in G2
46
How many chromosomes present in S
46
How many chromosomes present in prophase,prometaphase & metaphase in mitosis
46
If a muscle cell in a grasshopper contains 12 chromosomes, a grasshopper sperm cell would contain ___ chromosomes.
6 because a sperm has half of what the parent has
How many chromosomes present in anaphase, telophase & cytokinesis
92
Two homozygotes, one with pink flowers and one with white flowers are mated. All the offspring are white. When one of offspring pink flower plants is crossed with a white flower plant what proportion of the offspring will have pink flowers?
0% because the white flower is dominant homo WW while the pink flower is recessive homo ww
DNA strands are antiparallel. Which of the following statements defines "antiparallel"?
A 5' to 3' DNA strand is paired w the 3' to 5' DNA strand
In humans free earlobes are dominant over attached earlobes. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring from a cross between parents that are Ee and Ee?
EE, Ee, ee
Interphase
G1, S, G2 It's a cell doing its job
What do chromosomes in G1 look like (I or X)
I I
What do chromosomes in anaphase look like (I or X)
I I
What do chromosomes in telophase look like (I or X)
I I
Which of the following statements best describes how cytokinesis differs between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells deposit vesicles containing cell wall building blocks on the metaphase plate Animal cells form a cleavage furrow when it comes to cytokinesis
Students in a biology lab isolated cells in various phases of the cell cycle. A population of cells that have 1 1/2 times the DNA of G1 phase cells was most likely isolated from which of the following parts of the cell cycle?
S phase because this is where DNA is copied
After DNA replication, each duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids
True
Condensation of chromosomes, chromosome replication & alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate all occur both in meiosis & mitosis
True
Eukaryotic chromatin is composed of DNA & proteins
True
What do chromosomes in G2 look like (I or X)
X
What do chromosomes in prometaphase look like (I or X)
X
What do chromosomes in prophase look like (I or X)
X
What do chromosomes in metaphase look like (I or X)
X but about to be pulled where it looks like )(
A mutation in a gene prevents the helicase from binding at the origin of replication. Which of the following events would you expect to occur as a result of this mutation?
a replication fork wasn't formed that is why it cannot bind at the orgin
One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells ____
continue to divide even when they're tightly packed together
Telomerase
adds ends to the chromosomes compensating for the shortening that could occur during replication
G1
apart of interphase this is where cells replace organelles & get bigger
G2
apart of interphase where cells prepare for nuclear division
Primase
attach a 5 to 10 base ribonucleotide strand complementary to the parental DNA strand A--T C---G
DNA polymerase
catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction lazy enzyme & needs RNA help, but once it gets going it throws out RNA primer that is in its path
In animal cells, Taxol prevents microtubule depolymerization, which interferes with which of the following processes?
chromosome separation
Anaphase
chromosomes are doubled here (in Mitosis only) sister chromatids separate here too
Telophase
chromosomes doubled here (in Meiosis 2 & Mitosis only) chromsomes decondense
Telomere
ends of linear chromosomes
If all chromosomes are not attached to the mitotic spindle at the M phase checkpoint, the cells would most likely be arrested at which of the following points in the cell division cycle or mitosis?
metaphase
Which event would be most likely to produce cells with several nuclei?
mitosis without cytokinesis
Prometaphase
second stage of mitosis nuclear envelope breaks here
Histone
small basic proteins help DNA condense & fit in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
phenotype
what it look likes
What do chromosomes in S look like (I or X)
x