Exercise 19 Review Sheet - The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

From the key, choose the name of the tract that might be damaged when the following conditions are observed. *TERM*

*CONDITION*

loss of both motor and sensory function

ventral ramus of a spinal nerve

loss of motor function

ventral root of a spinal nerve

Choose the proper answer from the following key to respond to the descriptions relating to spinal cord anatomy. *TERM*

*DESCRIPTION*

Match each anatomical term in the key to the descriptions given below. *TERM*

*DESCRIPTION*

Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas. *NERVE*

*AREA*

median and ulnar

anterior forearm muscles (name 2)

lumbar

abdominal wall (name plexus only)

femoral

anterior thigh

Where in the vertebral column is a lumber puncture generally done?

below L3

Compare and contrast the meninges of the spinal cord and the brain.

both: connective tissue that covers/protects brain: dura mater = 2 layers, tightly adhered spinal cord: dura = 1 layer, epidural space

cauda equina

collection of spinal nerves traveling in the vertebral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord

Define "nerve plexus."

complex network of nerves

phrenic

diaphragm

lateral spinothalamic tract

diminished pain perception

dorsal colums (fasciculus cuntaneous and fasciculus gracilis), ventral spinothalamic tract

dimished sense of touch

loss of sensory function

dorsal root of a spinal nerve

Do you think it's possible to get shingles more than once? Explain your answer.

yes - once you have the virus, you'll always have it; it may lie dormant, but it could reactivate

ulnar

medial side of the hand

sciatic

posterior thigh

sensory, interneurons

primary neuron type found in dorsal horn

motor

primary neuron type found in ventral horn

conus medullaris

spinal cord terminus

How does the position of the gray and white matter differ in the spinal cord and in the cerebral hemispheres?

spinal cord: outer layer = white, inner layer = gray cerebrum: outer layer = gray, inner layer = white

What is the significance of these enlargements?

the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise here

tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract

tremors, jerky movements

tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract

uncoordinated movement

How can you distinguish the dorsal from the ventral horns?

ventral horns are wider than dorsal horns and dorsal horns are closer to outer edges of spinal cord

cranial nerves

C1-C8

lumbar nerves

L1-L5

sacral nerves

S1-S5

thoracic nerves

T1-T12

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 thru T1 and T12 thru S4 take part in forming *plexuses* which serve the *limbs, anterior trunk* of the body.

The ventral rami of T2 thru T12 run between the ribs to serve the *intercostal muscles*.

musculotaneous and radial

arm muscles (name 2)

sensory

fiber type in dorsal root

both sensory and motor

fiber type in spinal nerve

motor

fiber type in ventral root

cervical

head, neck, shoulders (name plexus only)

Where in the body does the varicella-zoster virus lie dormant?

in the cell body of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion

lateral corticospinal tract, ventral corticospinal tract

lack of voluntary movement

tibial and common fibular

leg and foot (name 2)

filum terminale

meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus

Why is this the site of choice?

meninges extend beyond spinal cord and are filled with CSF, so the spinal cord isn't damaged

foramen magnum

most superior boundary of the spinal cord

sensory

neuron type in dorsal root ganglion