FDM 493F Exam 3 Official

Of the countries listed below, which is thought to be highly status-conscious?

Japan

____________ refers to the set of individuals and organizations that create and market cultural products.

culture production systems (CPS)

Bill jokes that a nuclear family is one that is about ready to explode because having your grandmother living with you can cause a lot of disruptions. although Bill's humor is questionable, his labeling of a family living with a grandparent as a nuclear family is correct.

false

the big three American ethnic subcultures are African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Jewish Americans

false

Innovative merchandise have turned to retail theming to provide new ways to stimulate and encourage consumers during their shopping experience. a retailer that used a stimulated outdoor environment (such as a fishing pond with real fish) to attract outdoor enthusiasts to the retail store in using a _______ theme.

landscape

Anna asks people in her social group their opinion about a movie before she watches it. her social group is an example of a(n) _____.

reference group

Tara was shopping for a new pair of shoes for work. the salesperson was very helpful and friendly, bringing Tara some styles she hasn't thought to try on but that she ended up really liking. noticing Tara's university of Wisconsin tee-shirt, the salesperson said that she was a student there. Tara ended p buying three pairs of shoes rather than the one pari she had planned on. Tara's experience shows the effect of ___ on consumer behavior.

salespeople

Gen Z is the most diverse generation in American history

true

a co-branding strategy was being utilized when the Taco Bell Chihuahua showed up in a commercial for Geico insurance

true

Social stratification refers to the creation of artificial divisions in a society. True False

True

The American rich often indulge in luxury goods while pinching pennies on everyday items. True False

True

which of the following is an object that is admired strictly for its beauty or because it inspires an emotional reaction?

An art project

Asian Americans as a whole tend to be an easy target to communicate with because of their cultural similarity to one another. True False

False

Which American ethnic subculture is the fastest growing? A. American Indian B. Asian American C. African American D. Hispanic American

B. Asian American

Sandra decided to become a nurse after several years as an elementary teacher. She still wanted to help people but in a different manner. Sandra's case is an example of which of the following? A. Upward mobility B. Horizontal mobility C. Status crystallization D. Downward mobility

B. Horizontal mobility

Phillip admires the qualities of the Sigma Chis on his college campus. Since he has decided to try and pledge this group, he begins to imitate the qualities that he perceives the group has. What type of power does the fraternity seem to be displaying with respect to Phillip and his behavior? A. Legitimate power B. Referent power C. Expert power D. Reward power

B. Referent power

If a fireman told you to leave your apartment, you would comply because the fireman has ________ power. A. reward B. legitimate C. coercive D. referent

B. legitimate

Phillipe is a member of a small Harley-Davidson motorcycle club. Members meet once a week to ride and talk about their bikes. This club might exert a ________ influence on Phillipe as he decides which model of bike he buys for his girlfriend. A. normative B. referent power C. coercive power D. legitimate power

B. referent power

________ are an actual or imaginary individual or group that significantly influences an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior. A. Formal groups B. Informal groups C. Reference groups D. None of the above

C. Reference groups

John Jones purchases products to show visible evidence of his ability to afford luxury goods, John is practicing ________

Conspicuous consumption

Which of the following is NOT one of the four interrelated functions of myths in a culture? A. Cosmological B. Psychological C. Sociological D. Anthropological

D. Anthropological

What is the most powerful age segment economically in the United States? A. Generation Y B. Generation X C. The Silent Generation D. The Baby Boomer Generation

D. The Baby Boomer Generation

When a Rolls-Royce, a Cartier diamond, and an Andy Warhol painting are bought and displayed as markers of social class, they are ________. A. social parameters B. social inhibitors C. psychological blocks D. status symbols

D. status symbols

Fashion refers to __________.

The process of social diffusion by which style is adopted by consumers.

According to the trickle-down theory, fashion moves from the upper classes to the lower classes. True False

True

Couples who are better educated on average and choose not to have children are considered DINKS. True False

True

Education is one determining factor in future income. True False

True

Tian Zhao's parents were peasants from central China. Tian earned a degree in electronics from a university and now works for a medium-sized firm building computer components. Tian has purchased a Canon camera and a Dell computer, and he wears Nike running shoes. He is a member of the mass class. True False

True

Time poverty seems to be more a problem of perception than of fact. True False

True

Manuel still remembers the impact of his first college class in the US. as a new immigrant, he was sincere in his desire to learn about the American culture that he had chosen to accept. His college professor taught Manuel many things about the American culture. in doing so, the professor was acting as a(n) ________.

acculturation agent

as a relationship grows and progresses, gift giving tends to become more ____.

altruistic

Wedding rice, birthday candles, and diplomas are considered ________. A. ritual script B. norms C. ritual artifacts D. potlatch

C. ritual artifacts

A general attitude toward shopping is called ________. A. shopping addiction B. shopping psychology C. shopping orientation D. shopping feeling

C. shopping orientation

Gen enjoys owning a micro-refrigerator, which is small enough to fit almost anywhere. Gen believes that the efficient use of space is one of the characteristics that any good product should have. With respect to the functional areas of a cultural system, Gen is focusing on ________ as a variable in selecting products. A. social structure B. ideology C. socio-psychology D. ecology

D. ecology

A good metaphor for a women whose timestyles are spontaneous in their planning orientation and have a present focus is "Time is a mirror." True False

False

________ is the conscious designing of retail space and its various dimensions to evoke certain effects in buyers. A. Atmospherics B. Marketing-landscaping C. Store image D. Pretailing

A. Atmospherics

The plain and simple fact is that Ralph has body odor. Worse than that, Ralph does not seem to care. Ralph's clothes are in shambles, and his personal hygiene could certainly be improved. For most people, Ralph would be in which of the following groups? A. Avoidance groups B. Aspirational group C. Deindividualization groups D. Cohesive group

A. Avoidance groups

The average American's standard of living continues to improve. These income shifts are linked to two key factors: ____ A. a shift in women's roles and an increase in educational attainment B. a shift from blue-collar to white-collar employment and an increase in computer usage C. an increase in immigration to the U.S. and the increase of technical skills D. a shift in population from the North to South and advances in human rights

A. a shift in women's roles and an increase in educational attainment

Maria Gomez is thrilled to be in the United States. After spending her childhood years in Mexico, she is looking forward to the freedom given to teenage girls in the United States. "I can wear shorts, pantsuits, and even halter tops and no one will think badly of me," says Maria. Maria is in the process of ________. A. adaptation B. resistance C. maintenance D. segregation

A. adaptation

Margaret stayed on top of what was happening in the marketplace, but she was not necessarily the first to purchase items when they first came out. Margaret would be classified as a(n) ________. A. market maven B. innovator C. opinion leader D. market analyst

A. market maven

The best predictor of major expenditures that do not have status or symbolic value is ________. A. social class and income B. occupation C. income D. social class

A. social class and income

Hundreds of millions of consumers around the world have the purchasing power to afford higher quality products. This consumer group, known as the ________, tend to buy affordable cars rather than luxury cars. A. plutonomy B. mass class C. leisure class D. taste culture

B. mass class

James' friend, whom he admires and respects, just purchased a new car. James decides to buy the same model. This situation illustrates the influence of ________. A. social power B. referent power C. legitimate power D. information power

B. referent power

________ happens when we do not devote as much time and effort to a task as we could because our contribution is part of a larger group effect. A. Brand feats B. Principle of least interest C. Social loafing D. Brand community

C. Social loafing

Amos always felt that it was unfair that society created artificial divisions that discouraged him from having friends from different social structures. Which of the following terms describes the process that Amos is having difficulty with? A. Reference group affiliation B. Bias C. Social stratification D. Social anxiety

C. Social stratification

The pressure to conform that escalates as more and more group members "cave in" is called the ________ effect. A. polarization B. loafing C. bandwagon D. homophily

C. bandwagon

Anna Jeter has a sudden urge she couldn't resist to buy a new purse; she was engaging in ________. A. unplanned buying B. point of purchase stimuli C. impulse buying D. none of the above

C. impulse buying

Allison Chewie felt she was always pressed for time; she was feeling ________. A. psychological time B. social time C. time poverty D. time pressure

C. time poverty

Jui-Jui has a need to achieve independence. He dreams daily of leaving home and getting his own apartment; however, because he lives in a neighborhood full of houses, he would have to go some distance to find an apartment that he could afford. This move would mean that he would distance himself from his friends. This example is a common dilemma for many teens. Which of the following conflicts that most teens face is most applicable to Jui-Jui's situation? A. Narcissism vs. intimacy B. Idealism vs. pragmatism C. Rebellion vs. conformity D. Autonomy vs. belonging

D. Autonomy vs. belonging

Evan was an aggressive, rich, and determined businessman originally from a working class family. He had become wealthier than he had ever imagined by buying and selling other businesses. Evan seemingly could do anything until he tried a hostile takeover of an established bank owned by several prestigious families. When his bid failed, Evan said "I always knew there was an elite, but up to now I thought I was part of it." What type of capital was Evan lacking? A. Economic B. Sociological C. Psychological D. Cultural

D. Cultural

Jeff had collected a nice wardrobe before graduating from college. All of his friends considered him "well dressed." After the first day at his new job, however, Jeff immediately went out and replaced most of his clothes with what was considered to be professional dress clothing. Jeff had just experienced the power of a new ________. A. information cascade B. avoidance group C. brand community D. reference group

D. reference group

A professor was given an administrative warning after he made an inappropriate joke about Princess Diana shortly after her death. Students were likely upset because they saw Princess Diana as a profane individual worthy of special attention and respect. True False

False

Acculturation agents may come from the culture of immigration, but not from the culture of origin. True False

False

An individual's motivation to distance himself from a negative reference group is never as powerful as his motivation to please a positive group. True False

False

Samuel would like to use occupational prestige to measure social class, but his study is international, and prestige of occupation changes from one culture to the next. True False

False

When a retail customer senses a sudden urge that simply can't be ignored, the customer is experiencing unplanned buying. True False

False

according to the consumer behavior model presented in the text, the _____ includes the shopping experience, point of purchase stimuli, and sales interactions.

Purchase environment

Jim is considered a part of the upper middle class, while Marcos is considered part of the lower upper class. Jim and Marcos have been identified in terms of ______

Social class

Anna's best friend, Aubrey ,was getting married. Anna spent a lot of time thinking of the perfect gift and was so excited about the gift that she gave it to Aubrey before the wedding. Aubrey cried and told Anna she could never have a better friend. Reformulation best describes the gift-giving stage in this situation. True False

True

It would be difficult to sell consumers life insurance if their notion of time is like a mirror. True False

True

Mainstream marketers used to avoid religion topics; now they actively target church members. True False

True

Nate searches famous people and tries to buy products that they endorse. For Nate, these celebrities serve as an aspirational reference group. True False

True

Passing a driving test to receive a driver's license is an example of a rite of passage. True False

True

Perceived age is how old a person feels. True False

True

Sophie tells Nick about a great new restaurant. Sophie is practicing ______.

word-of-mouth communication

Fred has been a farmer all his life. He inherited the family farm when he was 35, but that was twenty years ago. Due to the economy, Fred has lost the farm and has taken a manual labor job in the city to support his family. What form of mobility best describes Fred's position? A. Downward mobility B. Horizontal mobility C. Upward mobility D. Two-way stretch mobility

A. Downward mobility

________ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another. A. Social mobility B. Social class C. Social prestige D. Social affinity

A. Social mobility

Sharon is upset with her secretary. Though everyone in the office agreed not to give Christmas presents this year, Sharon's secretary gave her an expensive bottle of perfume. Which of the following best identifies the source of Sharon's feelings? A. Objectification B. Self-serving guilt C. The reciprocity norm D. Role transference

C. The reciprocity norm

________ refers to the strategy of getting visitors to a Web site to forward information on the site of their friends in order to make more consumers aware of a product. A. Guerrilla marketing B. Foot-in-door marketing C. Viral marketing D. Demand-based marketing

C. Viral marketing

Vance comes from the lower-upper class as does Jeff. They are both madly in love with Julia, who is beautiful enough to do part-time modeling. According to the principle of ________, Julia could be attracted to both men. A. restricted codes B. elaborated codes C. homogamy D. ascribed status

C. homogamy

One percenters are an example of ________. A. plutonomy B. saving rate C. income inequality D. pay pay ratio

C. income inequality

If a consumer admires the qualities of another person and copies his or her behaviors, the person that is copied has ________ power. A. legitimate B. coercive C. referent D. informational

C. referent

The lack of marketing information about religion is primarily due to ________. A. traditional bigotry toward religion B. the small number of people who are influenced in the marketplace by religious issues C. religion being somewhat of a taboo subject among researchers D. the dollar value of the Christian market being very low

C. religion being somewhat of a taboo subject among researchers

When Bob, a wealthy real estate investor, saw an inner city kid wearing a heavy gold chain with a medallion around his neck, Bob wanted the same for himself. Bob's behavior is best explained by the ________. A. trickle-across effect B. meme theory C. trickle-up effect D. trickle-down effect

C. trickle-up effect

Harry was the lead singer in a band that hit it big. For his birthday, Harry had two hundred friends flown by chartered jets to a private island in the South Pacific. They ate the most expensive food, and every morning the bungalows were burned to the ground and rebuilt for the next night. Harry's party is a good example of ________. A. parody display B. social mobility C. ascribed status D. conspicuous consumption

D. conspicuous consumption

Stephanie loves flea markets and garage sales. She spends most of her Saturday mornings going from one to another. About once a month, she holds her own garage sale just to get rid of some of the items she purchases during the month. Stephanie is actively engaged in ________. A. divestment cycling B. freecycling C. underground cycling D. lateral cycling

D. lateral cycling

The personality of a retail store is also called ________. A. store layout B. retail theming C. store theming D. store image

D. store image