Final Exam Block 1

3 main types of anti-torque systems on a vertical takeoff aircraft are:

Conventional tail-rotor, no tail rotor, fan in tail

What controls the pitch of a helicopter

Cyclic pitch control

The useful load of an aircraft is the

Difference between maximum gross weight and empty weight

mechanical advantage may be calculated by

Dividing the weight of the object by the effort required to move the object

T/F:The speed of sound increases with altitude

False

When only one rope supports the load in a block and tackle pulley, the mechanical advantage is

1 to 1

The location identification system typically used on large and small aircraft are known as:

Butt lines, water lines, and fuselage stations

Locations on aircraft that indicate left and right sides and are measured in inches are referenced from:

Buttock line '0' reference

The stress on an aircraft resulting in a crushing force is called

Compression

If the temperature of a confined liquid is held constant, and its pressure is tripled, the volume will

be reduced to 1/3 of the original volume

work is the product of a force applied to an object times the distance the force...

causes the object to move

Three methods of heat transfer

conduction, convection, radiation

when computing the maximum forward loaded CG of an aircraft; minimum weights, arms, and moments of useful load should be used that are located

forward CG limit

If the reference datum line is placed at the nose of an airplane rather than at the firewall, all measurement arms will be...

in positive numbers

Simple machines include

incline plane, lever, wheel and axle, and pulley, gears

If the empty weight CG of an airplane lies within the empty weight CG limits

it is not necessary to calculate CG extremes if youre already within CG range

In the theory of weight and balance, what is the name of the distance from the fulcrum to an object?

lever arm

If energy is neither added to nor taken from air flowing through a venturi tube; at the point of greatest velocity, the pressure will be

low

Zero fuel weight is the

maximum permissible weight of a loaded aircraft (passengers, crew, and cargo) without fuel.

The smallest particle of any substance is the

molecule

the CG range in single rotor helicopters is

more restricted than for airplanes

formula for pressure

pressure = force/area

The mechanical advantage of a pulley system is determined by the number of

ropes or chains in the system

The pressure exerted at the bottom of a container of liquid is determined by the

specific gravity of the liquid and the height of the liquid in the container

The hydrometer in aviation is used to check the

state of charge in a lead acid battery

The empty weight of an airplane is determined by

subtracting the tare weight from the scale reading and adding the weight of each weighing point

when computing weight and balance an airplane is considered to be in balance when

the average moment arm of the loaded airplane falls within its CG range

The total piston displacement of a specific engine is

the volume displaced by all the pistons during one revolution of the crankshaft

The amount of fuel used for computing empty weight and corresponding CG is

unusable fuel

what should be clearly indicated on the aircraft weighing form?

weighing points

Density

weight per unit volume

Newton's Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Location numbering system that indicates the measurement in inches from the datum is known as:

Fuselage stations

Heat that causes a change of state, but no temperature change is

Latent heat

When making a rearward (aft) weight and balance check to determine that the CG will not exceed the rearward limit during extreme conditions, the items of useful load should be computed at their minimum weights are those located forward of the

Rearward CG limit

Which is the ratio of the water vapor actually present in the atmosphere to the amount that would be present if the air were saturated at the prevailing temp and pressure?

Relative humidity

The angle of attack is the angle between the chord of an airfoil and:

Relative wind

The flow of air around an object caused by the movement of the object, the air, or both is called:

Relative wind

What tasks are completed prior to weighing an aircraft to determine its empty weight?

Removing all items except those on the aircraft equipment list; drain fuel and fill hydraulic reservoir

If the aircrafts weight and balance records become lost, destroyed, or otherwise what should be done to obtain the empty weight?

Reweigh the aircraft

A structural crosspiece that begins at the leading edge of an airfoil and shapes the contour of the airfoil to the trailing edge is the:

Ribs

The yaw of an aircraft is controlled by:

Rudder

The stress that tries to make two sheets of metal riveted together slide past each other is called:

Shear

A primary load-carrying structural member running (root to tip) in each wing of an aircraft is:

Spar

The stress on metal fabricated airplane wings trying to pull them apart is called:

Tension

Newtons 2nd law

The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

The point at which the weight of an aircraft is said to be concentrated is known as:

The center of gravity

why can an aircraft fly faster at 35,000 feet than at 12,000 feet?

The higher air is under less pressure, therefore less dense

When the pilot moves the control stick or yoke to the left:

The left aileron raises, right aileron lowers, and the airplane banks to the left.

What determines whether the value of the moment is preceded by a plus or a minus sign in weight and balance?

The result of a weight being added or removed and its location relative to the datum

Where can you find the maximum weight for weight and balance control?

Type Certificate Data sheet

Whats true in regards to helicopter weight and balance

Weight and balance procedures for airplanes generally also apply to helicopters

When both the volume and the absolute temperature of a confined gas are doubled, the pressure

Will not change

When determining the empty weight of an aircraft, certificated under current airworthiness standards (14 CFR Part 23), the oil contained in the supply tank is considered

a part of the empty weight

Improper loading of a helicopter which results in exceeding either the fore or aft CG limits is hazardous due to

a reduction or loss of effective cyclic pitch control

Example of Newton's Second Law

a skydiver jumps out of a plane and as she accelerates (due to gravity) her speed will depend on her mass

The study of aerodynamics deals with the relationship between what three items?

aircraft, relative wind, atmosphere

When the lift force is in equilibrium with the weight force, the aircraft's:

altitude stays the same

A body in motion will tend to remain in uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is acted upon by

an external force

When dealing with weight and balance of an aircraft, the term "maximum weight" is interpreted to mean the maximum

authorized weight of the aircraft and its contents.

Which will have the least weight: -98 parts dry air and 2 parts water vapor -50 parts water vapor and 50 parts dry air -35 parts water vapor and 65 parts dry air -100 parts of dry air

50 parts water vapor and 50 parts dry air

Motion of an aircraft around the longitudinal axis is controlled by:

Aileron movement

Newtons first law:

An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Under standard dat conditions, the air at the surface of the earth is under a pressure of

14.69 psi and 29.92 in. Hg

When the air pressure is reduced, the density of the air...

decreases

When air is cooled at a temperature and a constant pressure to become saturated, this is the

dew point

The maximum weight of an aircraft is the

empty weight plus useful load