Final Exam BME 111 - NJIT
The highest concentration of urea should be found in the ________.
Urine
What do collecting ducts of the kidney transport?
Urine
Which of the following provides active immunity that is artificially acquired?
Vaccines
Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by ________.
simple diffusion
The primitive stem cell of spermatogenesis, which is found on the periphery of each seminiferous tubule, is called a ________.
spermatogonium
The two intrinsic nerve plexuses serving the alimentary canal are the ________.
submucosa and myenteric
The major function of the respiratory system is to ________
supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
The male gonads have both sperm-producing and testosterone-producing functions and are called ________
testes
The micturition reflex forces urine into the upper part of the ________.
urethra
Inflammation of the urethra is called ________.
urethritis
A feeling that it is necessary to void, which is experienced more regularly in the elderly, isknown as ________.
urgency
Enzymes and bile are carried by the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the ________.
duodenum
The spongy tissue of the penis fills with blood during sexual excitement and causes the penis to enlarge and become rigid during ________.
erection
Filtrate formed during glomerular filtration is captured by the ________.
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Why is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) important early in pregnancy?
hCG prods the corpus luteum to continue producing hormones.
A urine pH of 4.6 can indicate ________.
increased secretion of hydrogen ions in the urine
Bile is formed by the ________ and stored in the ________.
liver, gallbladder
Bacteria and tumor cells are removed from lymph by ________.
lymph nodes
From superior to inferior, the three regions of the pharynx are the ________.
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The correct pathway air flows through the respiratory system is ________.
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, main (primary) bronchi
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten. When a person has this disease, the intestinal villi are shortened. The most likely symptom of this disease is decreased________.
nutrient absorption
The process of creating female gametes is called ________.
oogenesis
The area in the mouth contained by the teeth is known as ________.
oral cavity proper
Enzymes that break down all food groups are made by the ________.
pancreas
Starting from the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, the correct order of the renal tubule regions is________.
proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop (loop of Henle), distal convoluted tubule
In males, the urethra is part of both the urinary system and ________.
reproductive system
As blood pH rises, the kidneys will ________.
secrete bicarbonate ions into the urine and reabsorb hydrogen ions into the blood.
Which antibody-antigen interaction results when a foreign blood type is transfused and clumped?
Agglutination
What protects the stomach from being damaged by acid or enzymes?
Alkaline mucus
On which day of the female's uterine (menstrual) cycle does ovulation typically occur?
Day 14
When feces are forced into the rectum by mass movements and the wall of the rectum becomes stretched, the ________ reflex is initiated.
Defacation
Which one of the following is not one of the secondary sex characteristics typical of males?
Development of breast tissue
The process of breaking food particles down is referred to as ________.
Digestion
Which layer of the uterus serves as the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum?
Endometrium
When we swallow food or drink, what prevents the passage of these items into our larynx andlower respiratory passageways?
Epiglottis
Which hormone promotes a small number of primary follicles within the ovary to grow and mature each month?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What stimulates the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus?
High blood volume
Which of the following fluid compartments accounts for the majority of the water in the body?
Intracellular fluid
In order to expire air, which of the following must occur?
Intrapulmonary volume decreases as the inspiratory muscles and diaphragm relax and return to their resting position
Which organ filters blood, regulates blood volume and chemical makeup?
Kidneys
What part of the respiratory system routes air and food into their proper channels and plays arole in speech?
Larynx
What anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its movements?
Lingual frenulum
What makes lymph capillaries different from blood capillaries?
Lymph capillaries are characterized by the presence of flap-like mini valves.
What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)?
Lymphocytes
What region of the kidney is deep to the renal cortex?
Renal medulla
The triangular regions of the kidneys that are striped in appearance and separated by the renal columns are the ________.
Renal pyramids
What is the most important trigger for aldosterone release?
Renin-angiotensin mechanism
The enzyme responsible for converting milk protein in an infant's stomach to a substance that looks like sour milk is ________.
Rennin
Which zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli and is where gas exchange occurs?
Respiratory zone
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
Salivary amylase begins the emulsification of fats in the mouth.
Newer cancer drugs use antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to attract the attention of the immune system to target tumors for destruction. What type of cell would you rate as most important for the APCs to activate in order for this new therapy to be successful?
T cells
What is the driving force for water intake?
The thirst mechanism
When we begin to feel the need to void, the urinary bladder contains around ________.
200 ml of urine
The amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about ________.
500 ml
The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately ________.
64—72 days
From outermost to innermost, what are the three regions of the kidney?
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
What is the correct pathway that feces would travel through the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
At what point in life does a female begin her monthly ovarian cycle?
At puberty
What do the ducts that join at the hepatopancreatic ampulla deliver to the duodenum of the small intestine?
Bile and pancreatic juices
Which of the following is not typically found in filtrate?
Blood proteins
Which passageways branch off of the inferior end of the trachea?
Bronchi
Which of the following is true of cystic fibrosis (CF)?
CF is a genetic condition that is inheritable.
What odorless, colorless gas binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen?
Carbon Monoxide
What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity to the throat?
Cilia
What is the early stage of embryonic development during which rapid mitotic cell divisions occur as the zygote travels down the uterine (fallopian) tube?
Cleavage
Which of the following substances is normally found in urine?
Creatinine
Which tube brings bile directly back into the gallbladder for storage?
Cystic duct
What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly?
Cytotoxic T cells
What type of T-cells release cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?
Cytotoxic T-cells
When we exercise, carbon dioxide levels increase in our blood, which leads to a decrease in blood pH. How will the respiratory system respond to restore carbon dioxide and blood pH levels to normal?
Hyperventilation
Which portion of the small intestine joins the large intestine at the ileocecal valve?
Ileum
Liam lost his first deciduous (baby) tooth-a lower front tooth. What type of tooth was it?
Incisor
Which of the following is the major stimulus for the thirst mechanism?
Increased solute content of blood plasma
What is the first digestive process, which involves placing food in the mouth, to occur?
Ingestion
Antibody binding that tags an antigen on a cellular target for phagocytosis is known as ________.
Opsonization
Which hormone stimulates more frequent and more powerful contractions of the uterus as birth nears?
Oxytocin
Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge theB cells and thus provide ________
Passive immunity
Hydrochloric acid is necessary in the stomach for the conversion of pepsinogen into its active protein-digesting form called ________.
Pepsin
Which of the following collections of lymphatic tissue prevents large numbers of bacteria from entering the bloodstream in the distal (end) portion of the small intestine?
Peyer's patches
Which two variables dictate the mechanics of breathing (pulmonary ventilation)?
Pressure and Volume
Which hormone is necessary for the growth of endometrial glands, which are important for the sustenance of a growing embryo until its implantation?
Progesterone
What do chief cells of the stomach produce?
Protein-digesting enzymes
What blood vessel carries blood from the aorta into the kidney?
Renal artery
Which two hormones promote the release of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine?
Secretin; cholecystokinin (CCK)
Which glands produce a thick, yellowish secretion that nourishes and activates sperm?
Seminal vesicles
Which of the following is not a function of the mucosa lining the nasal conchae and nasal cavity?
Serve as a partition between the oral and nasal cavities
What is the most common cause for lung cancer?
Smoking
Which nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways?
Sneezing
Damage to the larynx can cause an inability to ________.
Speak
What does salivary amylase digest?
Starch
________ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing and is approximately 500 ml of air.
Tidal
What role do the tonsils play in the respiratory system?
Tonsils protect the body from infection
Which organ or structure belongs to the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
What are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area?
Villi
Which of the following is not a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell (APC)?
Virus
What nonrespiratory air movement is intended to ventilate all alveoli?
Yawn
A fertilized egg, which represents the first cell of a new individual, is called a(n) ________.
Zygote
The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the ________.
acrosome
Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is considered to be ________.
alkalosis
Filtrate contains everything in blood plasma except for ________.
blood proteins