Gen Psych Final Exam

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

gross

Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________.

race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Greg locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Hispanic and African American

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

biological

Orion suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

Erin has depression with frequent periods of low energy, fatigue, and having a hard time to be motivated to get anything done. Frank, who also has depression, shows anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. The fact that individuals with depression have varying symptoms illustrates which of the following points

Diversity and individual differences even within a category

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Gary knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Which child is most likely to receive treatment for her or his psychological challenge?

Stavros, who suffers from ADHD

In finding out that a co-worker has schizophrenia, Dana assumes that her co-worker will be violent and difficult to work with. This relates to the issue of ____ in the area of mental health.

Stereotypes and over-generalizations

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Ruth is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, She might be diagnosed with ________.

agoraphobia

Lacey believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Lacey has ________.

an internal locus of control

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetypes

In terms of quality, each of the five personality traits

are not necessarily good or bad at any level, but finding a good match can be important

Rachael has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Rachael is at the _______ stage of grieving.

bargaining

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

Claudette cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, she wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Bella's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? A person who

has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.

intake

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

object permanence

William likes to travel to learn about new cultures. Whenever he returns from a trip he brings home a piece of art from that culture to add to his collection. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would William likely score high in?

openness

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

orbitofrontal cortex

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

Dr. Phantos is working with a Japanese-American client, and regards the client's silence as an indication that he is not happy to be in therapy. He fails to consider that his client has learned that authority figures should be shown deference and that his silence is a sign of respect. Dr. Phantos is demonstrating ________.

poor cultural competence

A boy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

Which of the three levels of moral reasoning do children start at?

pre-conventional

Paul has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Paul when he is unable to do so for himself.

proxy

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.

real; ideal

After Tom does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

Research finds that when receiving treatment for a substance use problem, the treatment has to last for at least ________ month(s) before a positive outcome is likely to be achieved.

3

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

Schemata

Glen has a personality disorder that involves an inflated sense of self-importance and a disregard for the welfare of others. On the other hand, Helen struggles with anxiety about her daily life and feelings of helplessness and deflated self-esteem. Both sets of behaviors might fall into the category of a psychological disorder, illustrating

The diversity and differences between conditions that are considered psychological disorders

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

anxiety

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

If you view children as gradually developing over time, with no "jumps" or large changes between stages, that point of view best matches which perspective from developmental psychology?

continuous development

The goal of hospice care is to provide

death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.

Dr. Jones encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Jones is using ________ to treat his client.

free association

What is an advanced directive?

A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Marina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.

depressing central nervous system activity

A six year old boy is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Carshis mother does to. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

Urie has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Urie has ________.

high self-efficacy

Of the following substances or substance groups, which is the only one where illicit use patterns are higher in those between 12 and 17 years old than those who are 18 to 25 years of age?

inhalants

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except________.

manic episodes

Which of the following is NOT true concerning mental health and mental illness?

mental health is black and white, either you have a disorder or you do not

Which of the following is true concerning mental health and mental illness?

mental illness can range from very mild to more severe, and from short-term to long term

___________ is the desire to make significant accomplishments by mastering skills or 0meeting high standards.

need for achievement

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person's cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

neuroconstructivist

Kaylee has a reputation for being very calm during an emergency. She copes very well with stress and is able to think clearly and make effective decisions. Which of the Big 5 factors of personality would she likely score low in?

neuroticism

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Ulysses is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Dr. Murphy is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. He helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy.

structural

The HEXACO model proposes:

there is a sixth dimension to the Five-Factor model

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

Dr. Ivan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this?

unconditional positive regard

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage