Geography 100 - Exam 4

True or false The countries in Central Asia with relatively high levels of health and education were part of the former Soviet Union.

true

True or false The former Soviet Union (USSR) severely discouraged religious practice.

true

True or false The largest non-Christian religion (based on number of believers) in the Russian Domain is Islam.

true

True or false Turkmenistan will soon begin to export large quantities of natural gas.

true

Where were most of Russia's major territorial gains in the nineteenth century?

Central Asia

What word best describes the political structures in most countries of Central Asia?

authoritarian

Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to Central Asia?

densely populated

The Dalai Lama

is the religious and political leader of Tibet.

Why is the environment in Central Asia relatively clean?

low population density coupled with low level of economic development

Which of the following is NOT a condition of the "Russian Federation Treaty"?

more stringent environmental regulations and standards

What development led to the emergence of nomadic pastoralism in Central Asia?

domestication of the horse

True or false The Trans-Siberian Railroad marks the eastern edge of Europe and the western edge of the Russian Domain.

false

True or false Urbanization in the Russian region was often planned in detail under the tsars.

false

By 2003, approximately what portion of Russian farmland had been privatized?

90%

What happened to the economy in the Russian Domain after the demise of the former Soviet Union (USSR)?

After a decade of political and economic instability, Russia has made impressive progress in the 21st century.

Which of the following Central Asian countries is/are thought to contain the world's largest undeveloped fossil fuel deposits?

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan

Which of the following countries is NOT a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States?

Estonia

True or false Lake Balqash in the Russian Domain has the world's largest volume of freshwater.

False

True or false Railroads must be constructed before the oil wealth of Central Asia can become economically viable.

False

What do most climate change experts predict will happen to Central Asia as climate change continues?

It will be hit hard by climate change, leading to melting of glaciers and reduced river flows.

What is the most developed country of Central Asia?

Kazakhstan

What is the primary reason for the shrinking of the Aral Sea?

Large-scale irrigation projects implemented by the Soviets in the 1950s have diverted water from the two rivers that feed the sea.

Which of the following is NOT an effect Russia might see from climate change?

Making Southern Russia more agriculturally productive by thawing its frozen ice

In which country of Central Asian is the Gobi Desert found?

Mongolia

Which language of Central Asia is an Indo-European language?

Pashtun

What was the most common foreign language of the countries of Central Asia in the 1970s?

Russian

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, what has become of the policy of Russification within former Soviet republics?

Russification has been reversed, where greater numbers of Russians are encouraged to leave these regions.

Why is development in Siberia limited?

Unstable ground resulting from permafrost makes it extremely difficult to place permanent structures on the land surface.

Afghanistan earns most of its foreign currency by selling

opium

Which of the following is the primary source of pollution damaging Russia's Lake Baikal?

pollution from pulp and paper factories

What is perestroika?

restructuring of the planned centralized economy, an early move toward a freer market

How long has Afghanistan been at war?

since the late 1970s

True or false European Russia has a higher population than Asian Russia because European Russia is better suited for agriculture.

true

Part A. Part B. Where are the highest population densities in Central Asia? Part C. Which of these countries has the overall highest population density? Part D. What factor explains the settlement pattern along the border between Mongolia and China? Part E. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part F. What climate type is found along the border between Mongolia and China? Part G. What is the driest city shown on the map? Part H. Which of these cities receives most of its rainfall during the summer months? Part I. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part J. Where do most of the people of the Tarim Basin live? Part K. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. (bottom to top) 10-20 million, 20 million, 101-250, fewer than 6, more than 12,800 B. in the cities C. Azerbaijan D. Settlement is sparse because the Gobi Desert is located there. E. - The presence of rivers plays a key role in settlement in the southwestern part of Central Asia. - Vast areas of Central Asia have few, if any, people. - The largest metropolitan areas in Central Asia have no more than 5 million people. F. Midlatitude desert G. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia H. Lhasa, China I. - Central Asia's settlement pattern is partly explained by the prevalence of dry climates throughout the region. - Elevation plays a role in the climate patterns in some parts of Central Asia. - J. along the edge of the Tarim Basin, near streams Submit K. - The Tarim Basin is located at around 500 to 2000 meters above sea level. - Some of the streams and rivers in the Tarim Basin dry up during part of the year. - Most of the rivers and streams that flow into the Tarim Basin have their source in the surrounding mountains.

Part A. Part B. Where are the steppes in Central Asia located? Part C. What is the elevation of the Tibetan Plateau? Part D. Where is the lowest elevation in Central Asia? Part E. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part F. Where is desertification found in Central Asia? Part G. How prevalent are forests in Central Asia? Part H. Which city of Central Asia has a problem with oil pollution? Part I. What environmental challenges do Lake Balkhash and the Aral Sea face? Part J. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. Caucasus Mountains, Caspian Sea, Aral Sea, Kyzyl Kum Desert, Altai Mountains, Kara Kum Desert, Taklamakan Desert, Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, Gobi Desert B. One steppe is in Kazakhstan; the other is in Mongolia. C. More than 4,000 meters (over 12,000 feet) D. On the north shore of the Caspian Sea E. - Water is more plentiful in the western part of the region than in the eastern part. - Much of Central Asia is dry. - The Tibetan Plateau is higher in elevation than the Tien Shan. F. Along the boundaries of the region's deserts G. Forests cover a small part of Central Asia. H. Baku, Azerbaijan I. Desertification and lake desiccation and salinization J. - There are two large desert regions in Central Asia. - Two rivers that flow into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation. - Lack of moisture is a leading cause of the environmental problems in Central Asia.

Part A. Part B. Which of these was the origin of the Russian Empire? Part C. Which of these places was added to the Russian Empire most recently? Part D. When was Tajikistan added? Part E. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part F. Excluding Russia, how many union republics were part of the USSR? Part G. Which of these cities is the most popular destination for migration? Part H. What is the place of origin of immigrants to Russia's Far East? Part I. You have migrated from Uzbekistan to Russia. What is most likely your ethnic and cultural background? Part J. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan B. A principality in the northwestern part of present-day Russia C. Armenia D. Between 1855 and 1955 E. - Access to the open water of the world's oceans is limited on the western edge of the Russian Empire. - Russia's westward expansion covered far less land than its eastward expansion. - The countries of Central Asia were among the last to be added to the Russian Empire. F. Fourteen G. Moscow H. China I. Russian J. - Immigration into Russia from China is limited to a small area. - Pull factors are represented on the map of "Recent Migration Flows in the Russian Domain." - Moscow is a destination for both Russians returning from the former Soviet republics and economic migrants within the Russian domain.

Part A. What city is the origin of the Mongol Empire? Part B. When did Buda become part of the Mongol Empire? Part C. About how wide was the Mongol Empire at its greatest extent? Part D. Which language family comprises the largest number of individual languages in Central Asia? Part E. Which of these languages is most closely related to English? Part F. Which of these languages is most closely related to the Turkic languages? Part G. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part H. Part I. Which language family is most common in Afghanistan? Part J. If you live in Chaghcharan, what is your language? Part K. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. Karakorum B. Never C. Six thousand miles D. Altaic Turkic E. Pashtun F. Mongolian G. - Sino-Tibetan languages are most common in and around China. - There is a correlation between the expansion of the Mongol Empire and the prevalence of Altaic languages in Central Asia. - At least three different language families and more than a dozen different languages are spoken in Central Asia. H. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan I. Indo-European J. Aimak K. - Afghanistan is culturally complex. - Speakers of Brahui are a minority in Afghanistan. - Afghanistan is linguistically complex.

Part A. Part B. What is the largest internal republic in Russia? Part C. Which internal republic sought independence from Russia? Part D. A country neighboring Russia has demanded the return of the Kuril Islands. Which country is it? Part E. which three of the following statements are probably true? Part F. You are a resident of the internal republic of Sakha. What is your language and language family? Part G. You speak a Slavic language. Where do you live? Part H. Four of the following five languages are commonly spoken in the country of Georgia. Which language is spoken outside of Georgia, but not within the country? Part I. Which of these countries has the fewest language families? Part J. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. Karelia, Komi, Sakha Tatarsten, Chechnya, Dagestan, Khakassia, Buryatia B. Sakha C. Chechnya D. Japan E. - There are more than fifteen internal republics of the Russian Federation. - Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, which were once part of the Soviet Union, have not become members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, which were once part of the former USSR, are now members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. F. Yakut, in the Altaic language family G. Ukraine H. Mongol I. Armenia J. - Georgia has more language diversity than the map showing "Languages of the Russian Domain" indicates. - Iranian is an Indo-European language. - Turkic languages are the most common languages spoken in Azerbaijan.

Part A Part B. What is the dominant climate type in Russia? Part C. Which city is located in a dry climate region? Part D. What is the average daily high temperature in Verkhoyansk in January? Part E. which four of the following statements are probably true? Part F. What is the dominant agricultural pattern in Ukraine? Part G. What is the dominant agricultural pattern in Belarus? Part H. Which of these bodies of water in the Russian domain has the greatest agricultural productivity along its coastline? Part I. What agricultural region covers the largest area in the Russian domain? Part J. which three of the following statements are probably true?

A. Moscow, St. Petersburg, Verkheryonsk, Kiev, Simpervopol, Tbilisi, Yekinterinberg, Irkutsk, Vladisovostok B. Continental midlatitude C. Simferopol D. About -50°F E. - A few small areas within the region have a mild midlatitude climate. - Moscow gets more rainfall than any other city shown on the climate map of the Russian domain. - The climate in the northernmost part of the region is tundra. - The Sea of Okhotsk is probably not a good place for a beach resort. F. Large-scale grain production G. Diversified agriculture H. Black Sea I. Taiga J. - The western part of the Russian domain has the greatest agricultural productivity. - The area in the easternmost part of Russia with the Dwb climate enables higher agricultural productivity than the rest of the areas along the eastern coast. - Harsh climate in the Russian domain limits agriculture in the region.

In which country of Central Asia do people have the shortest life expectancy?

Afghanistan

Which of the following was not a former Soviet Republic?

Afghanistan

Which of the following methods did the Soviet Union and China use in order to consolidate their control over territory and population in Central Asia?

Both created "autonomous" political entities in which a semblance of cultural autonomy was permitted.

Where is oil pollution worst in Central Asia?

Caspian Sea

Which Central Asian lake is the largest lake in the world?

Caspian Sea

In what region of the Russian Domain was the Soviet Union's Gulag Achipelago located?

Siberia

Which of the following statements best reflects religion in the post-Soviet era?

There has been a religious revival.

Which of the following economic patterns is true throughout Central Asia?

There is a growing gap between rich and poor.

What has become of democracy in Russia in the post-Soviet era?

There was a general flowering of democracy followed by a reduction of civil liberties since 2002.

Which Russian port provides Russia with the most rapid access to the Pacific Ocean?

Vladivostok

The architecture of St. Petersburg, Russia, is similar to that of which other part of the world?

Western Europe

True or false Uzbekistan had the lowest female labor force participation in Central Asia in 2002.

false

true or false During the Soviet era, Ukraine became known as a repository for "political dissidents and trouble-makers."

false

true or false Kazakhstan's population in the agricultural lands of the north is relatively clustered.

false

What was the distinctive skill for which Cossacks were well-known?

horsemanship

Most average Russians living in the city live in what kind of housing?

in a high rise apartment

How many new countries appeared in Central Asia as a result of the break-up of the Soviet Union?

six

Who were the original founders of Russia?

southward moving warriors from Sweden

Which of the following is NOT an agricultural product that thrives in the podzol soil region of the Russian Domain?

sugarcane

What geologic event created Central Asia's mountain ranges?

the collision of the Indian subcontinent with Asia