gph 213
those living within the Phoenix Metropolitan Area are part of a larger megalopolitan known as the
Arizona Sun Corridor
Does water vapor, aerosols, nitrogen or all have the greatest atmospheric Residence Time
Nitrogen
between nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or ozone, which is NOT an example of a permanent gas?
Ozone
urban areas typically have a greater fraction of impermeable than permeable surfaces
Truuuuu
you are walking down mill and asked if the climate is changing the most appropriate answer you can provide is
a clear answer must be referenced to a temporal scale
the residence times of tropospheric aerosols is what
a few weeks/months
tree rings are
a method used to determine the past climates that depends on width of tree trunks via growth of concentric rings
the atmosphere
a mixture of gas molecules, small suspended particles of solid an liquid, and falling precipitation
which of the following is NOT utilized to investigate paleoclimates? oceanic deposits, ice cores, remnant landforms,
all are utilized
radiation convection conduction
all options of energy transfer processes
What are aerosols
any solid and/or liquid particle, other than cloud droplets, which exist in the atmosphere
largest earth-sun distance during our planets revolution about the sun
aphelion
larger megalopolitan area
arizona sun corridor
sea surface temperatures in the north atlantic tend to move through warm periods followed by cold periods, in a 60-70 year cycle known as the amp the AMO stands for what
atlantic multidecadal oscillation
solar radiation receipt at the surface is dependent of the solar angle. Higher solar angles reduce WHAT which leads to warming, whereas lower angles lead to a less focused area of radiation and cause less intense warming
beam spreading
which of the following greenhouse gases has not exhibited an increase in concentration during the previous 100-150
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane --ALL have exhibited an increase
Vertical zonation refers to a change in climatic conditions because of
changes in height
NCDC
climatological library and research center for the U.S
provided that the AMO ermines in its positive polarity for one to two additional decades, WHAT and WHAT weather conditions in winter should be favored over Europe and the eastern us.
cold and snowy
IPCC
conducts an independent assessment of the scientific literature to determine the relative contribution of human induced climate change.
What is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
conducts an independent assessment of the scientific literature to determine the relative contribution of human induced climate change.
The google earth engine is a spatial analysis tool that
enables geospatial processing of climate and related datasets that enables rapid quantification of earth system trends
30-year-period
false
climatologists have developed a precise physical justification for the definition of climate as a 30 year period
false
during the previous 30-50 years, the data indicates significant trends in precipitation trends due to emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases
false
evaluating the impact of anthropogenic climate change by focusing exclusively on emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases is the most precise method scientists can utilize to ascertain the total of humans on the climate system
false
lets assume a major nor'easter devastates eastern seaboard with high winds, beach erosion, and high snowfall amounts. This event was the result of anthropogenic climate change
false
Currently, although several cities have plans to deploy them, thee are no green roofs across major metro/megapolitan areas in the United States
falseeee
what is a description of a process in which changes in one variable lead to changes in another
feedback mechanisms
what is true about historical climate change?
temperatures have increased greenhouse gas concentrations have followed and amplified initial temperature perturbation
extra credit question on test 3
temporal extent of the ice age
the atmosphere is a mixture of gas molecules, small suspended particles of solid and liquid and falling precipitation
truuuuu
the ice-albedo feedback can be regarded as a positive or negative feedback depending on the geographical location
truuuuuuuuu
the Maunder Minimum is a reference to a period of time (1600) that observed few sunspots and lowered solar activity
truuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu
although the density of the atmosphere decreases rapidly with height, the top of the atmosphere is ....
undefined
the VIS portion of the of the electromagnetic spectrum consists of wavelengths between what
0.4-0.7um
Polar Climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below what
10 degrees C
polar climates et, ef, are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below
10 degrees C
at what wavelength do scientists distinguish shortwave from long wave radiation
4um
What is the noontime sun angle for Phoenix during either of the equinoxes? assume Phoenix latitude is 33.5
56.5
noontime sun angle for phoenix during the summer solstice. assume the latitude of phoenix is 33.5 degrees N
69.5
assume you are in montreal at a latitude of 44 degrees N. What is the noontime sun angle at this location on June 21st summer solstice? Solar declination is 23.5
69.6
assume you are in montreal at a latitude of 44 degress north what is the noontime sun angle at this location on june 21 summer solstice recall the solar declination is 23.5
90
The letter designation that best characteristics the climate according to the koeppen classification system for Singapore is
A
Barrow, Alaska has what Koeppen classification system
E
What are the most widely measured atmospheric parameters?
temperature and precipitation
What letter does A represent in the Koeppen climate classification system
Tropical
A minimal annual temperature variabliiliy is associated with what type of Koeppen Climate classification?
Tropical wet
what law expresses the idea that the higher the TEMPERATURE of an object, the smaller its WAVELENGTH of maximum radiation emission
Wien's law
The changing number of observing stations over time is one of the key concerns
Yes
the sky view factor can be described as a
dimensionless parameter representing the fraction of visible sky at a reference location relative to one with no obstructions
the surface energy balance equation has several components what does L *down arrow* refer to
downwelling longwave radiation
the surface energy balance equation has several components what does S *down arrow* refer to?
downwelling shortwave radiation
Yeahs of Living Dangerously is a documentary that chronicles the onset of multiple conflicts rooted in climate change.
drought in california
There are many dimensions to climate change beyond global temperature increases
truuuuu
changes in atmospheric aerosols affect the amount of solar energy that can reach the earths surface. In the climatological community this phenomenon is known as what
global dimming
Weins law
higher the temperature of an object the smaller its wavelength of maximum radiation emission
IPCC is
intergovernmental panel on climate change
feedback processes within the climate system are the result of what
intrinsic variability of the system
The surface energy budgets of urban areas will differ relative to rural/undeveloped surroundings because of differences in what
land cover and surface characteristics, level of human activity
Climatology
long term study of the atmosphere and the processes that cause what we refer to as climate.
According to the Koeppen Classification System, Seattle falls within with of the following climate designations
marine west coast
The Koeppen climate classification system is based on what as an indicator average temperature and precipitation
natural vegetation
koeppen
natural vegetation
most abundant gas in the atmosphere is
nitrogen
the most abundant gas in the atmosphere is
nitrogen
during the previous 30-50 years the spatial variability in global warming has resulted ing rester warming over oceans relative to land
not truuuu
during the most recent ice age referring to the previous 5 million years, the earths climate has been fairly uniform with little or no amplitude in global temperature variability
not truuuuu
the 41000 year cycle that describes the axial tilt of the planet is known as
obliquity
New evidence suggests that the best way to monitor ongoing climate change requires what
observations of ocean heat content
new evidence suggests that the beset way to monitor ongoing climate change requires
observations of ocean heat content
According to recent modeling calculations, what best represents the primary term in the earths energy budget
ocean temperatures
which of the following terms designates the smallest earth-sun distance during our planets revolution about the sun?
perihelion
Atmospheric CO2 is removed through what process of whereby plants convert light energy to chemical energy
photosynthesis
simulation results from general circulation models indicate that near surface air temperatures will incase during upcoming decades due to emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases. These models agree that
polar regions will undergo greater warming than tropical regions
increased ice cover has some consequences for albedo, which has further amplifying impacts on ice cover thereby magnifying the initial perturbation. This is an example of
positive feedback
to examine mid 13th century changes in climate, scientists utilized
proxy data
what is the term used to describe geologic/biologic indicators that reveal important information about past climates, prior to the advent of modern day interments such as thermometers?
proxy indicators
which form of radiation does not require a physical medium for energy transfer to occur
radiation
The individual terms (SH, LH and G) refer to
sensible heat, latent heat, ground heat
wavelengths less than 4um are referred to as
shortwave radiation
which of the following human activities does not result in anthropogenic heating
shortwave radiation
if i dumped a bucket of water on to this surface which of the following changes would most likely occur
the arrow for LH would get bigger
The National Climatic Data Center is
the climatological library and research center for the U.S
for most of the earths hypothesis claims that
the earth was nearly fully covered by snow and ice, with snow falling as far south as tropical latitudes at sea level
sea ice extent has been monitored with relatively high accuracy since
the late 1970s
the principal idea behind usage of cool roofs is
to reflect a greater fraction of incoming sunlight and lower urban temperatures
the scientific community
touts benefits of various approaches but concludes that disagreement about what is best continues
the name of the boundary separating the troposphere and stratosphere is the
tropopause
the majority of our atmosphere is contained within what layer
troposphere
Order of the thermal layers of earths atmosphere
troposphere, , mesosphere and thermosphere
the earths history has been marked by conditions much warmer relative to those of today
trruuuuuuu
the changing number of observing stations over time is one of the key concerns associated with determination of temperature variability change
truuu
what is the most abundant variable gas in our atmosphere
water vapor
