History 137 chapter 16
"Banned in Boston" referred to:
a book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway.
The Harlem Renaissance:
describes the quest by writers like Claude McKay to locate the roots of the black experience.
In the presidential election of 1936:
the so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide.
President Harding's call for a return to normalcy meant:
a call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform.
What were the National Catholic Welfare Council and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith lobbying for in the 1920s?
Laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies.
Which of the following best describes the economic dynamic of the Great Depression?
Mass unemployment and the lack of investment triggered a devastating cycle of deflation.
Both Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration.
True
In their 1929 study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd:
argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement.
American farmers in the 1920s:
increasingly migrated out of rural areas.
Warren G. Harding:
oversaw a presidential administration plagued by scandal.
The Teapot Dome scandal involved:
the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies.
Which of the following Second New Deal measures came closest to meeting the demands of the Congress of Industrial Organizations for workplace democracy?
the wagner act
John Wesley Powell warned that the western region's arid land would require large-scale irrigation projects and cooperative, communal farming to prosper.
true
Lochner v. New York voided a state law establishing ten hours per day, or sixty per week, as the maximum hours of work for bakers, claiming that it infringed on individual freedom.
true
Propaganda campaigns launched by big business linked unionism and socialism as examples of the sinister influence of foreigners on American life during the 1920s.
true
Elections during the Gilded Age:
were closely contested affairs.
"Slumming" meant:
whites going to Harlem's dancehalls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.
What did the election of Roosevelt mean to many American industrial workers?
A federal government more sympathetic to the plight of oppressed workers. AND Hope for an end to the miniature dictatorships of factory managers and owners.
According to Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis, how could corporations have prevented the Great Depression?
By increasing their workers' wages.
During the 1932 election:
FDR called for a balanced government and criticized Hoover for excessive government spending.
Why did western territories take longer than eastern territories to achieve statehood?
Many easterners were wary of granting statehood until white and non-Mormon settlers counterbalanced the large Latino and Mormon populations.
Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?
The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.
The Second New Deal:
focused on economic security.
The Great Depression was global, affecting almost every country in the world.
true
The Social Gospel
was another term for Social Darwinism.
Upton Sinclair:
was head of the End Poverty in California movement.
How was American life different in the 1920s than in the years prior?
Although Americans worked hard in an increasingly industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations.
Assess the state of the Democratic Party in 1924.
Although the incumbent Calvin Coolidge was an uninspiring choice, the hopeless divisions within the Democratic Party caused its bitter defeat in 1924.
How did fundamentalist Christians define freedom in the 1920s?
As voluntary adherence to moral liberty.
Why did a stigma emerge around public assistance during the New Deal years?
Black workers were relegated to the least generous assistance programs with discriminatory eligibility standards administered by states.
Which of the following statements is accurate about the 1928 Democratic presidential candidate, Alfred E. Smith?
Born into poverty, he supported Progressive legislation during his three terms as governor of New York.
What united the authors Ernest Hemingway and Scott Fitzgerald in the 1920s?
Both were deeply disillusioned with conservative American politics and materialism.
Which of the following statements about nineteenth-century Chinese immigrants to the United States is accurate?
By 1880, three-fourths of Chinese immigrants lived in California, where many worked on farms.
What broad popular sentiments did the Ku Klux Klan express in the 1920s?
Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants.
By 1935, Huey Long and Francis Townsend had made which of the following approaches to economic recovery less promising for New Dealers?
Efforts at general business recovery.
Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of FDR's New Deal philosophy?
FDR preferred to create jobs that improved the nation's infrastructure.
How did the government try to prevent the rise of women in the workforce during the Depression?
New Deal programs such as Social Security established quotas for the distribution of benefits to working women. AND Legislation banned both members of a married couple from holding federal jobs.
What did William G. Sumner believe social classes owed each other?
Nothing at all.
How did World War I's Committee on Public Information (CPI) inspire business in the 1920s?
Public relations departments were established in many firms to counteract bad publicity.
Which of the following statements does NOT explain why the phrase "labor's great upheaval" accurately describes some of the events of 1934?
The "Citizen's Alliance" of Minneapolis accused city officials of being in bed with labor, and attempted to remove them from office by force.
How did the American Catholic Church act during the Gilded Age?
The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.
How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal?
The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods.
Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?
The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.
Assess the record of the U.S. Supreme Court on civil liberties during World War I.
The Supreme Court had largely upheld government restrictions on First Amendment rights during the war.
Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.
How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?
Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.
Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?
These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.
Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?
They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.
In the 1920s, employers embraced the American Plan, which:
advocated the "open shop."
In the 1920s, immigration restriction included all of the following EXCEPT:
an easing of anti-Asian immigration policy with the Johnson Reed Act.
The term "Gilded Age" describes all of the following EXCEPT:
an era where the scramble for wealth benefited all Americans equally.
During the 1920s:
an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty.
The first thing that Roosevelt attended to as president was the ________ crisis.
banking
The Civil Service Act of 1883:
created a merit system for government workers.
Cultural pluralism:
described a society that gloried in ethnic diversity.
William G. Sumner believed that the role of government extended to helping the poor.
false
In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis:
focused on the wretched conditions of New York City slums.
The Sacco-Vanzetti case:
for Italian-Americans, symbolized the strength of nativist prejudices in America. AND played out in an atmosphere of fierce anti-radicalism in the United States.
During the 1920s:
government polices reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade.
The Plains Indians:
included the Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kiowa, and Sioux.
"Liberal" reformers of the Gilded Age believed:
lower-class groups could strengthen democracy by using government to advance their interests.
The automobile:
spurred growth in other industries such as tourism and steel production.
Elk v. Wilkins (1884) agreed with lower court rulings that the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not apply to Indians.
true
Fundamentalists supported Prohibition, while others viewed it as a violation of individual freedom.
true
In the past, depressions had hurt the labor movement; however, labor made great strides during the New Deal.
true
John Lewis, head of the United Mine Workers, led a walkout that resulted in the creation of a new labor organization that sought industrial freedom for American workers.
true
Racial and ethnic groups added their own elements to the western myth, including celebrating the Mexican-American outlaw, Gregorio Cortez.
true
The Morrill Land-Grant Act, passed during the Civil War, prohibited mining and railroad companies from continued use of public lands.
False
The stock market crash caused the Great Depression.
False
William G. Sumner believed that the role of government extended to helping the poor.
False
All of the statements about Henry Ford's "Fordlandia" are true EXCEPT:
Fordlandia was a success.
Which of the following statements about consumer goods in the 1920s is NOT accurate?
Home products, such as washing machines and vacuum cleaners, failed to decrease the demand for domestic labor.
As a response to the Great Depression and in contrast to previous federal economic policy:
Hoover approved public-works projects for the unemployed.
According to the authors of the Dawes Severalty Act, what constituted a civilized life for Native Americans in the later nineteenth century?
Individual property ownership and farming on family plots.
Why did President James Buchanan replace Utah's territorial governor Brigham Young with a non-Mormon appointee in 1857?
It became known that the work of federal judges in Utah was being obstructed.
Which of the following best describes the significance of the Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922?
It demonstrated a repudiation of Wilson's free-trade ideas.
Which of the following statements about farm mechanization is FALSE?
It helped delay the onset of the "Dust Bowl" on the Great Plains thanks to use of the new steam tractor, which mitigated the effects of soil aridity.
What did Hoover's observation during the depth of the Depression that "many persons left their jobs for the more profitable one of selling apples" indicate?
President Hoover had grown increasingly out of touch with the economic reality of Americans.
What criticism did Henry Demarest Lloyd leverage against Rockefeller's Standard Oil in Wealth against Commonwealth (1892)?
Standard Oil was undermining fair competition in the marketplace
What did Native Americans have in common with the Zulu of South Africa and the aboriginal people in Australia?
They found themselves pushed aside by centralizing government trying to control large interior regions.
Why did workers during the 1930s make demands that went beyond better wages?
They were hoping to establish a set of basic civil liberties for workers.
What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?
To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.
Lochner v. New York voided a state law establishing ten hours per day, or sixty per week, as the maximum hours of work for bakers, claiming that it infringed on individual freedom.
True
Looking Backward was the first book to popularize socialist ideas for an American audience.
True
Which of the following properly compares the U.S. Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?
While the Court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big business.
Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:
built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.
The American Catholic Church saw a growing number of clergy advocate social justice and reform.
built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.
In the late nineteenth century, social thinkers such as Edward Bellamy, Henry George, and Laurence Gronlund offered numerous plans for change, primarily because they were alarmed by a fear of:
class warfare and the growing power of concentrated capital.
William Cody:
created a "Wild West" show that toured the United States and Europe.
The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to:
ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates.
The new social order of the Gilded Age:
ensured ongoing labor strife and deepening distrust between employees and employers AND prompted public discussion of class differences and debate among workingmen and farmers over political economy.
The Resettlement Administration:
established temporary relief camps for displaced migrant workers.
The Fair Labor Standards Act instituted all of the following changes EXCEPT it:
established the fifty-hour workweek.
When Mary McLeod Bethune remarked that the New Deal offered African-Americans a new day, she:
expressed the hope for change despite continued discrimination in federal housing and employment.
In the early twentieth century, the Ku Klux Klan reemerged in the South, targeting only blacks.
false
Looking Backward was the first book to popularize socialist ideas for an American audience.
false
Male farmers experienced the most hardship on the Great Plains, because farm women did not experience long days in the fields.
false
Most nineteenth-century Indians were willing to assimilate and give up their tribal identity for citizenship.
false
Nearly every major women's organization supported Alice Paul's National Woman's Party's proposal for an Equal Rights Amendment.
false
Once married, the flapper often continued her liberation and freedom.
false
Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal because of the success of his initial policies to pull the country out of the Depression and because of the rising conservative opposition against him.
false
Social Security allowed African-Americans pensions and compensations equivalent to whites.
false
The 1920s term "undesirable" was replaced with "illegal alien" in the 1980s to describe persons without legal status in the United States.
false
The Dawes Act was an extension of the treaty system practiced by the American government since the Revolutionary War.
false
The Morrill Land-Grant Act, passed during the Civil War, prohibited mining and railroad companies from continued use of public lands.
false
The Popular Front fought against diversity as a way to seize the moment for the Communist Party of America.
false
The Social Gospel movement focused on attacking individual sins such as drinking and Sabbath-breaking
false
The one place it seemed where blacks were not discriminated against was within federal employment practices.
false
Voter participation during the Gilded Age was never over 60 percent.
false
"Liberal" reformers of the Gilded Age believed
individual liberty and property rights were threatened by the business classes.
Thomas Edison:
invented, among other things, a system for generating and distributing electricity.
Nineteenth-century Americans imagined the "Wild West" as all of the following EXCEPT:
isolated farms, where men and women carved out difficult lives on the Great Plains.
The prevailing jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court in the 1920s can best be described as:
laissez-faire.
The Share Our Wealth movement was:
led by Louisiana senator Huey Long and gained a national following.
Meyer v. Nebraska:
overturned a law that stated public schools would instruct classes in English.
The Hays Code:
prohibited movies from depicting nudity, long kisses, and adultery.
The Equal Rights Amendment:
proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions based on sex.
The Civilian Conservation Corps:
put young men to work in national parks.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act:
raised farm prices by establishing quotas and paying farmers not to plant more.
American foreign policy during the 1920s:
reflected the close relationship between government and business.
The Scottsboro case:
reflected the racism that was prevalent in the South during the 1930s.
All of the statements about Prohibition during the 1920s are true EXCEPT:
religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.
In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court:
ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional.
Henry George offered a(n) __________ as a solution for the problem of inequality in America.
single tax
All of the statements about Roosevelt's group of advisers known as the "Brains Trust" are true EXCEPT:
the "Brains Trust" believed that large corporations needed to be dismantled.
The Great Depression shaped the lives of Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
the American suicide rate declined.
The second industrial revolution was marked by:
the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.
Labor unions lost members in the 1920s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day.
After the Haymarket Affair, employers took the opportunity to paint the labor movement as a dangerous and un-American force prone to violence and controlled by foreign-born radicals.
true
American workers received higher pay than their European counterparts, but their working conditions were more dangerous.
true
Both Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller amassed huge fortunes through vertical integration.
true
Republican economic policies strongly favored the interests of northern industrialists.
true
The Communist Party's commitment to socialism resonated with a widespread belief that the Depression had demonstrated the bankruptcy of capitalism.
true
The Knights of Labor raised the question of whether meaningful freedom could exist in a situation of extreme economic inequality.
true
The Smith Act made it a federal crime to teach, advocate, or encourage the overthrow of the government.
true
The Supreme Court justices Oliver Wendell Holmes and Louis Brandeis began to speak up for freedom of speech in the 1920s.
true
The United States had never faced an economic crisis as severe as the Great Depression.
true
The Wagner Act banned goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce, set forty cents as the minimum hourly wage, and required overtime pay for hours of work exceeding forty per week.
true
The events of 1886 suggested that labor might be on the verge of establishing itself as a permanent political force.
true
The idea for the Statue of Liberty originated as a response to the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
true
The image of big business, carefully cultivated during the 1920s, collapsed as congressional investigations revealed massive irregularities among bankers and stockbrokers.
true
The spread of electricity was essential to industrial and urban growth.
true
The tactic used by the United Auto Workers in its attempt to gain bargaining rights with General Motors was the sit-down strike.
true
The term "New Negro" in art meant the rejection of established stereotypes and a search for black values to put in their place.
true
Twenty thousand unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington in the spring of 1932 to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945.
true
Bonanza farms:
typically had thousands of acres of land or more.
Chief Joseph:
wanted freedom for his people, the Nez Percé. Previous Next
The Ghost Dance:
was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.