History Exam 3
Samuel S. Cox Condemns Emancipation (1862) What status does he anticipate for the slaves if they are freed?
"the free negroes will become equal, or will continue to unequal whites"
In the presidential election of 1824, who received the most votes but failed to win a majority of either the popular or electoral votes, thus requiring the House of Representatives to select a president?
Andrew Jackson
Which of the following represents Andrew Jackson's position on the Second Bank of the United States?
It was an unacceptable concentration of power and economic privilege
John Quincy Adams on the role of the national government (1825) Why does president Adams believe that the federal government should promote the sciences and arts?
It would improve America's stanard of living and the economy because inventions and discovery would be made, stretching out freedom even more and compete with other countries that believed in the arts and sciences
Andrew Jackson, veto of the bank bill (1832) What does jackson see as the legitimate scope of governmental action?
Jackson says that the legitimate scope government action is based on what the constitution says
Who came up with the term manifest destiny?
John L. O'Sullivan
Joseph Smith and Mormonism (Essay)
Joseph Smith was a farmer in New York as well as the founder of Mormonism, it quickly became one of the most successful religions before the civil war and was first heard of in the 1820s. Smith had claimed that an angel sent him visions to create a religion closer to god's true ideals, this led him to find gold plates in a different language which he later translated and published by the name of The Book of Mormon. Smith was arrested due to Mormonism going against the church and Mormons were driven from New York, Missouri, and Ohio. Smith was murdered in prison by those who disagreed with him, mostly because of his belief in polygamy.
Using the Lincoln-Douglas debates, explore how each man viewed freedom. What can their political debates tell us about American society on the eve of the Civil War?
Lincoln and Douglass had different views and definitions of freedom. Lincoln believed that freedom came from the opposition of slavery, while Douglass believed it should come from local self-government. A major disagreement came from society trying to decide whether or not blacks could be called citizens. Douglass states that he disagrees with blacks being considered as citizens due to the fact that he believes that the government was made on a bias for white people being the superior race, therefore blacks should not be labeled as equals nor included in the rights the government stood for. Meanwhile, while Lincoln thinks that whites are superior there shouldn't be a reason for blacks to be withheld from what Lincoln says is their natural rights supported by the Declaration of Independence, those being life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Lincoln argues that blacks have as much claim to those rights as white men.
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) Why does Monroe mention Russia at the beginning of his address?
Russia owned Alaska and was looking to expand their properties in the U.S.. The U.S. made a negotiation with them well as with the other western powers, where they no longer can colonize in America because it is now free and independence
Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854) Thoreau's statement, "the mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation," is one of the most famous lines in American Literature. What does he mean, and what does he think is the cause?
They are in need of help. They are focused on money, wealth, and material things
How did reformers reconcile their desire to create moral order with their quest to enhance personal freedom?
They argued that too many people were "slaves" to various sins and that freeing them from this enslavement would enable them to compete economically.
Henry David Thoreau, Walden (1854) What does Thoreau mean when he writes, "We do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us"?
Thoreau discusses where he feels the Natural world needs the industrial, saying that we build the railroads to see our nations natural beauties but in doing so we destroy it.
Margret McCarthy to her family in Ireland (1850) What aspirations seem to be uppermost in Margret McCarthy's mind?
any man or women without a family would be fools if they would not venture to this plentiful country where no man or women had ever hungered or ever will
Frederick Douglass
argued that knowledge was essential to achieving freedom from slavery.
66 Frederick Douglass on the desire for freedom (1845) why does douglass so strongly link education with freedom?
because slaves had no freedom. he also thought that by learning to write he could make his own pass to freedom and not be controlled by others
Charles G. Finney, "Sinners bound to change their own hearts" (1836) What precisely does Finney mean by "a change of heart"?
consists in changing the controlling preference of the mind in regard to the end of pursuit. means to change from selfishness to caring for others
The Monroe Doctrine
declared the Americas off-limits to further European colonization.
Henry David Thoreau believed that
genuine freedom lay within the individual.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The American Scholar" (1837) Why does Emerson describe self-reliance as a "manlike" quality?
he claims that to be reliant or even envious of other people is a waste of time
American Party Platform (1856) How do they seek to circumvent division over the slavery question?
know nothings were dedicated to making it more difficult for immigrants to become naturalized citizens
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) How do Douglass and Lincoln differ in their views on what rights black americans ought to enjoy?
lincoln believed that they should have the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness While douglass believes they are inferior therefor are not entitled to those rights
Charles G. Finney, "Sinners bound to change their own hearts" (1836) How does the fact that he is preaching in an era of mass political democracy affect Finney's language?
preaching in an era of mass political democracy affects Finney's language in a way that he will be judged even more. He was living during a time where religious freedom was not present and democracy was dependent only on elected officials.
The Second Great Awakening
promoted the belief that individuals were free to shape their own spiritual destinies.
What is the role of Joseph Smith in the Mormon religion?
prophet who, though divine intervention, received the Book of Mormon
According to Philip Schaff, what is the key to true national freedom?
self-control
Alexander H. Stephens, The Cornerstone of the confederacy (1861) Why does Stephens believe the U.S constitution is fundamentally flawed?
t was founded upon the principle of human equality
How was the Texas Declaration of Independence similar to the American Declaration of Independence? Give two examples from the text
the Texas Declaration was similar to The Declaration of Independence because both were made due to the people feeling as if the power they were under had failed to protect them. Another reason was that new laws had been passed without the people's consent.
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, The Dread Scott Decision (1857) What evidence does Taney present that blacks were not considered citizens by the authors of the declaration of independence and the constitution?
the nations founders intended to limit american citizenship to whites alone
Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820,
the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two prominent members of
the transcendentalist movement.
South Carolina Ordinance of Secession (1860) Why do secessionists place so much emphasis on the growth of anti-slavery public opinion in the North?
they had the largest population of slaves
David Walkers Appeal (1829) Why does walker address his pamphlet to "the colored citizens of the world" and not just the united states?
Because the colured people were enslaved all of the world and the most out of the world and known as brutes.
The North Carolina-born free black whose An Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World won widespread attention was
David Walker.
Andrew Jackson, veto of the bank bill (1832) Why does jackson distinguish between just and unjust "distinctions in society"?
Distinctions in society will always exist under every just government. Equality of talents, of education, or of wealth can not be produced by human institutions. artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities. and exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful. The humble members of society- farmers, merchants, and laborers who have neither time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain about the injustice of their government
Frederick Douglass on the 4th of July (1852) What does Douglass hope to accomplish by accusing white Americans of injustice and hypocrisy?
Douglass hopes that his speech would persuade the white Americans to prove him wrong and do something to help slaves. He wants them to see that their own actions are part of the problem and the country they believe to be about freedom and liberty is really about slavery and cruelty.
Which is true of John Quincy Adams?
He believed that a strong federal government enhanced personal liberty.
Samuel S. Cox Condemns Emancipation (1862) Why does cox feel that emancipating slaves endangers the liberties of white northerners?
He believed that they would lower wages for whites and be a burden on Northern Industry.
John L. O'Sullivan and Manifest Destiny (1845) What does O'Sullivan mean when he describes america's destiny to rule the entire continent as "manifest"?
He means that America will show the entire continent it's destiney to be a great nation through the addition of new states under america
Philip Schaff on Freedom as self-restraint (1885) Why does Schaff have reservations about the "Maine law" prohibiting the manufacture and sale of liquor
He neither condemns it nor advocates it "We must admire the moral energy and self denial of free people, which would rather renounce an enjoyment in itself lawful , than see it drive thousands of weak persons to bodily and spiritual ruin
John L. O'Sullivan and Manifest Destiny (1845) what connection does O' Sullivan see between manifest destiny and the idea of american freedom?
He sees that freedom is upon America and manifest destiny will help bring it, through the addition of territory added to the United States.
Frederick Douglass on the 4th of july (1852) What evidence does Douglass present to disprove the idea of black inferiority
He shows that blacks are just as inferior as white's because they do a white man's job. The only reason they can celebrate independence is because of the blacks. The blacks show that they fight for what they believe in, such as freedom and what is right
66 Frederick Douglass on the desire for freedom (1845) To whom is Douglass addressing his book, and how does the intended audience affect his argument
He was addressing his book to all the American slaves. He was once a slave himself so he wanted to show slaves that freedom was an important thing in a person's life and is worth gaining. This makes his argument more reliable because he knew how it felt to be slave and was relatable.
Resistance to the fugitive slave act (1850) How do the writers justify deciding to break the law?
If they are more harm then good, go against religion and are unjust
Joseph Smith, The Wentworth Letter What in Smith's letter might offend non mormons?
In Smiths letter it said that the book of mormon was as much the word of god as the bible, another thing that was met with outrage was polygamy
What does manifest destiny mean?
Manifest Destiny means the belief that the United States was obviously destined to occupy all of North America. They also wanted to spread the freedom that they had obtained further.
Abraham Lincoln, Address at Sanitary Fair, Baltimore (1864) What does Lincoln identify as the essential difference between northern and southern definitions of freedom?
North:Liberty may mean for each man to do as he pleases with himself,and the product of his labor South:some men to do as they please with other men, and the product of a mans labor
John Quincy Adams on the role of the national government (1825) What does he mean by the remark "Liberty is power?"
Only a nation that has the highest percentage of liberty can be the most powerful nation in the world. People who are free can advance their knowledge and bring new things to their country to benefit their people and the country itself.
Define freedom using philip schaff, david walker, and or frederick douglass as potential sources
Philip Schaff and David Walker both had various definitions of freedom. Philip Schaff believes that True freedom is self-control, self-possession, and found through individual citizens. He states that freedom shouldn't be without restraint or indulging simply because you have the freedom to. David Walker however was a black man who was born free who moved to Boston from North Carolina and said that the nation was hypocritical due to the fact it preached liberty but would often go against its very own principles. While his definition of freedom was to bring about an end to slavery by encouraging the slaves of the south to rebel against their masters in order to gain their freedom, just like others before they had done. Others such as the Israelites, Helots, and the Roman slaves.
Mary Livermore on Women and the war (1883) How does Livermore explain the inequality in status and achievement between men and women?
She argued that women's lack of education perpetuated the idea that women could not be equal with men
Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The American Scholar" (1837) Why does Emerson feel that American Writers and artists are "cowed" and need to develop more boldness and originality?
The spirit of the american free man is already suspected to be timid, immative, and tame
South Carolina Ordinance of Secession (1860) What appears to be the main motivation fr south carolina's secession?
South Carolina seceded from the Union because for one the North's views on slavery.The South wanted the slaves and needed them but the North did not.
David Walkers Appeal (1829) What lessons does walker think black americans should learn from the history of the ancient world of that of haiti?
That they should call for black unity and self-help in the fight against the oppression and injustice of slavery.
The appeal of the Cherokee nation (1830) what reasons do the Cherokee give for rejecting the idea of moving beyond the Mississippi river?
The Cherokee were against this idea for many reasons. The land was unknown and unfamiliar to them. There were other Indian tribes living there already, so if the Cherokee moved in, they would be seen as intruders
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) Why does Monroe think that the "systems" of Europe and the Western Hemisphere are fundamentally different?
The systems of Europe as well as the western hemisphere are different because wars involving them the U.S. has never taken apart of and never will with its policy. The U.S. only gets involved when it's rights are being invaded or seriously threatened, only then will it make preparations for defense unlike Europe.
Which of the following is an example of the political impact of slavery in the early 1850s?
The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.
Philip Schaff on Freedom as self-restraint (1885) How does Schaff believe Christianity influences American understandings of freedom
The government uses people faith to get them to go with unlawful laws so that they will save their soul rather than see the unlawful law for what it is.
Which statement is true about Indian removal in the 1820s and 1830s?
The increasing profitability of cotton motivated the United States to intensify efforts to seize Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaw lands in order to expand cotton cultivation.
Joseph Smith, The Wentworth Letter What does the Mormon experience suggest about the extent and limits of religious freedom in the pre civil war united states?
The mormon experience suggests that their was little religious freedom, mormons were kicked out and moved to the shores of the great salt lake in Utah
Appeal of the cherokee nation (1830) How do the cherokee understand their national and individual rights?
The only reason that the Cherokee agreed to be relocated was because they valued their "national and individual rights". They knew if they stayed, they would face "intolerable oppression". They also faced prison time. The Cherokee had the right to stay where they were because they were the original inhabitants. Another reason they had the right to stay was that they had a treaty with Washington. The Cherokee petitioned Congress to honor the treaty they already had.
Texas declaration of Independence (1836) In what ways is this declaration similar to the american declaration of independence?
The power over texas (Mexico) had failed to protect their lives, liberty, and property of the people.
Why was Joseph Smith driven from New York State?
his embrace of polygamy
How did Frederick Douglass characterize celebrating the Fourth of July?
hypocritical
The Know-Nothing Party
was dedicated to reserving political office for native-born Americans.
What does Margaret McCarthy promise that her family will find in America in her 1850 letter?
work and food
Resistance to the fugitive slave act (1850) Whom do the connecticut writers seem to blame for the fugitive slave act?
writers blamed the government for allowing the fugitive slave act to operate in thailand.