History Test 5

Following their quick sweep across France, the Allies a. lost momentum in the fall of 1944 b. just as quickly captured most of Germany c. were forced to retreat to their pre-1944 lines d. were surrounded and nearly defeated at Normandy

a

In response to a proposed march on Washington in 1941, President Roosevelt issued an executive order a. prohibiting racial discrimination b. desegregating the armed forces c. forbidding "right-to-work" laws d. allowing women into the military service

a

In the first two months of American involvement in World War II a. news from the Pacific was "all bad," according to President Roosevelt b. the United States scored impressive victories in Guam and Gilbert Islands. c. Japanese on the Philippines surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur d. the Japanese were finally repelled from China

a

Joseph McCarthy a. accused George C. Marshall of disloyalty b. was Truman's vice president c. pronounced Richard Nixon's charge of communism in the state department "a fraud and a hoax" d. was the first director of the Atomic Energy Commission

a

President Roosevelt died a. less than a month before the surrender of Germany b. less than a month before the surrender of Japan c. while returning from the Yalta Conference d. of lukemia

a

The French Vichy government a. collaborated with the Germans b. was headed by Charles De Gaulle c. led the resistance to General Edwin Rommel in North Africa d. crumbled in 1939

a

The Japanese surrender a. allowed the emperor to keep his throne under the authority of an Allied supreme commander b. came within twelve hours of the destruction of Hiroshima by an atomic bomb c. saved thousands of lives, because Americans had a second atomic bomb they had threatened to use d. left only the Soviet Union for the Allies to defeat to end World War II

a

The McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 a. was passed over Truman's veto b. was upheld by the Supreme Court's "clear and present danger" doctrine c. forced over 2,000 civil service employees to resign d. led to the arrest of Alger Hiss

a

The area that experienced the fastest rate of urban growth during the war years was a. the Far West b. the upper Midwest c. New England d. the South

a

The meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to plan an invasion of France and a simultaneous Soviet offensive took place in a. Tehran b. Paris c. Geneva d. Casablanca

a

The purpose of the War Production Board a. direct industrial conversion to war production b. finance the building of war plants c. oversee military scientific research d. publish and distribute American propaganda

a

V-E Day a. celebrated the defeat of Germany b. celebrated the defeat of Japan c. honored the exiled German scientists who had perfected the VE rocket for Allied use against their homeland d. followed the Allied victory at Okinawa

a

Which of the following did not increase in the postwar years a. substandard housing b. worker productivity c. the Gross National Product (GNP) d. the proportion of homeowners in the population

a

Following the election of 1948, Truman was able to push through Congress a. a civil rights bill, federal aid to education, and national health insurance b. farm price supports, a public housing program, and more money for the TVA and rural electrification c. repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act d. all the above

b

Operation "Overloard" was a. the top-secret work of American crypt-analysts (code breakers) b. the D-Day invasion at Normandy c. The Allied invasion of North Africa d. the joint American-Soviet effort to free Poland

b

The Battle of Okinawa a. was relatively bloodless b. was most significant for wearing down the remaining Japanese defenses c. cost the life of American general Dwight Eisenhower d. cost the American general "Tony" McAuliffe

b

The United States entered the Korean War a. against the wishes of President Truman b. without declaration of war by Congress c. without sanction by the United Nations d. because of its interest in the oil deposits off the southern tip of the Korean peninsula

b

The cost of World War II a. included military expenditures and property losses for all nations of perhaps $100 million b. included some 50 million military and civilian dead c. was greater for the United States (in proportion to population) than for any other major power d. is correctly described by all the above statements

b

America's racial relations were transformed during the 1940s because a. of civil rights demonstrations b. or racial riots c. racial discrimination in the hiring of federal employees was banned d. the Ku Klux Klan was banned

c

Among the factors that cushioned the economic impact of demobilization after World War II were all the following except a. unemployment pay and other Social Security benefits b. the "GI Bill of Rights" c. reductions in business investments d.the pent-up demand for consumer goods

c

Automobile production in the 1950s a. declines as war needs fell off b. remained relatively low c. increased d. was high despite the government's hesitancy to provide improved roads until the late 1960s

c

Between 1945 and 1960, the Gross Nation Product (GNP) a. stayed roughly the same in constant dollars b. actually declined, in constant dollars c. nearly doubled d. quadrupled

c

By 1950 a. international tensions had decreased b. the birthrate had dropped c. the army had less than 10 percent of the number of men it had at its peak in World War II d. All the above statements are true

c

The "W" in WAC stands for a. war b. western c. women's d. world

c

The person usually credited formulating the policy of containment was a. James F. Byrnes b. Harry Hopkins c. George F. Kennan d. George C. Marshall

c

Which of the following was not a major stimulant to the post-1945 economy a. military spending b. the virtual American monopoly over international trade c. the movement of women into the workforce d. the unleashing of pent-up consumer demand

c

By the end of World War II, how many women had entered the work force a. 250,000 b. 600,000 c. 1,000,000 d.6,000,000

d

Harry Truman a. replaced much of Roosevelt's cabinet soon after becoming president b. was seem at first simple as a "caretaker" president c. had been involved in the clothing business, among other things, before entering politics d. is correctly represented by all the above statements

d

In the election of 1948 a. conservative Republicans left their party and named Storm Thurmond the candidate of the new States' Rights Republican party b. "Dixiecrats" carried all of the former Confederate states c. Republicans finished third in the presidential race d. Democrats won majorities in both houses of Congress in addition to winning the White House

d

Native Americans supported the war by a. serving in the armed forces b. working in defense-related industries c. becoming "code talkers" d. all of the above

d

President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill finally agreed to strike first a. against Japan b. across the English Channel c. on the Eastern Front d. in North Africa

d

Price Controls a. managed to keep prices high through the 1940s b. managed to keep prices low through the 1940s c. were established in 1946 to deal with economic problems associated with demobilization d. were phased out shortly after the war ended

d

The Yalta Conference a. was the only time that Allied leaders met with their Axis counterparts before the actual surrenders b. discussed wartime economic coordination c. planned the long-awaited cross-channel invasion against Germany d. gave the Soviet Union of eastern Germany

d

The average American real income in 1955, compared to that of just before the crash of 1929 was a. about half as much b. about 10 percent less c. slightly more d. twice as much

d

The baby boom a. peaked in 1957 b. was a large part of a 30 percent growth in American population between 1946 and 1964 c. paralleled a similar boom in consumer demand d. is correctly represented by all the above statements

d

The fastest-growing new periodical in the 1950s was a. Working Woman b. Jet c. Mother Earth d. TV Guide

d

Truman removed General Douglas MacArthur a. because of popular demand b. because MacArthur did not want to fight an all-out-war in Korea and China c. after a Senate investigate committee found that MacArthur had held secret negotiations with Chinese officials d. because MacArthur openly criticized the president for not wanting to fight Red China

d

Which of the following decreased in the postwar years a. the number of shopping centers b. consumer credit c. ownership of television sets d. the portion of income that Americans saved (rather than spent)

d

The Battle of Leyte Gulf a. was the largest naval engagement in history b. caught Hitler by surprise c. was a victory for the Japanese d. began with a German submarine destroying the Mongoose, an American aircraft carrier, before it could get a single plane off the deck

a

The development of the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima a. was opposed by most Americans b. was the responsibility of the Manhattan Project c. was the responsibility of a group of scientists headed by Albert Einstein d. began in the spring of 1945

b

The domestic program that Harry Truman sent to Congress in September 1945 a. was a setback for labor b. proposed to continue and enlarge the New Deal c. addressed only the problem of demobilization d. proposed to reverse most of his predecessor's policies

b

War Relocation Camps a. were prisoner-of-war camps for captured Germans b. housed over 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war c. helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers d. was the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps

b

When railroad workers staged a strike shortly after the end of the war, President Truman a. threatened to nationalize the railroads b. threatened to draft strikers into the armed forces c. suggested a pay raise of two cents an hour d. argued that the federal government could not interfere in what was fundamentally a private business matter

b

By the end of the Truman years, the United States had a. returned to its isolationist stance b. repudiated almost all its peacetime alliances c. become committed to a major and permanent national military establishment d. repudiated the Monroe Doctrine

c

Following the Allied victory in Sicily a. Mussolini's forces held off the Allied forces advancing on Italy for fifteen months b. Mussolini committed suicide c. Italy joined the Allies d. The Allies turned their attention to Italy

c

In the "China tangle," the United States sent $2 billion in aid to fight a. the Chinese Nationalists b. the Kuomintang c. Mao Tse-tung d. Ho Chi Minh

c

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg a. were convicted of perjury in a case involving purported espionage activities b. accused Whittaker Chambers of passing secret documents to Soviet agents c. were executed for supposedly giving the Soviets the secret to the atomic bomb d. sued Richard M. Nixon for slander

c

Of the following, the single biggest source of government financing for America's war effort was a. loans from financial institutions b. the sale of public lands in the Northwest c. increased federal taxes d. the printing of more paper money

c

The National Security Council in 1950 recommended a. giving military aid to the French-supported regime of Bao Dai in Vietnam b. responding to the Soviet takeover of Czechoslovakia c. rebuilding America's conventional military forces d. addressing the problem of Communists in South Korea

c

The new strategy used in the Pacific in 1943 was to a. attack only on the smallest Japanese naval vessels b. attack on the northern islands first, then move southward c. isolate the Japanese strongholds, leaving them to "die on the vine" d. firebomb the islands to destroy all the foliage where the Japanese could hide

c

The war in Korea a. began in 1946, when Mao Tse-tung's forces refused to leave South Korea b. was responsible for almost a million American casualties c. began in 1950, when North Korean forces invaded South Korea d. lasted just eight months

c

To ensure that the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan, Roosevelt in 1945 a. threatened to use the atomic bomb on Soviet targets b. gave the Soviet Union secrets of the American atomic bomb c. made certain secret agreements concerning Soviet territorial demands d. promised to assume half of the Soviet war debt

c

When the Jewish leaders proclaimed the independent state of Israel in 1948, the United States a. refused to recognize the new state until democratic elections had been held b. broke diplomatic relations with most of the Arab states c. recognized the new state immediately d. offered military and financial aid to the Arab states

c

When the advancing Soviet front reached Poland in 1944 a. the Soviets promised not to try and influence the Polish government b. Poles welcomed a Communist government c. the Soviets installed a puppet government d. the Polish government-in-exile left London to govern its country again

c

During the 1950s a. American leaders realized that sustained economic growth was not necessary for national well being b. the gap in living standards between the United States and the rest of the world decreased c. President Eisenhower repeatedly warned that another economic collapse was possible d. economic safeguards from the New Deal assured most Americans

d

The bracero program a. led to the forced evacuation of over 100,000 Japanese Americans b. was a reaction to the "zoot suit" riots c. allowed immigrants to join the American armed services after a thorough background check d. brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States

d

The Battle of Midway a. was the turning point of the war in the Pacific b. was fought in the Coral Sea c. was fought to a draw d. cost the United States almost one-third of its remaining naval force

a

Black participation in the armed forces a. was mainly in segregated units b. was generally in units alongside white soldiers c. was nonexistent d. did not include service in the air force

a