HWH Ch. 11
Kivas
underground worship buildings of the ANASAZI people of Chaco Canyon
Ancient Mesoamerican and Andean cities
were very large and rivalrd those of Han China and Rome
TOltecs had weird politics because
2 cheiftans or kings
Aztec rule was based on
a council of arisocrats selecting new rulers
Cahokia is an example of
a mound-building culture
Teotihuacan's long distance trade is evidenced by
archaelogical evidence of a large military designed to protect trade
The Maya "long count" calendar is most likely
associated with the understanding of their creation
The Toltec state was
built on military power and conquest
Maya military fought to secure
captives (not territory)
Maya cosmos was divided into three layers that
connected along vertical axis to trace the course of the sun
Huizilopochtli and Tlaloc
Gods of Aztecs symbolizing war, agriculture, the SUN
Calpolli
Group of up to 100 families helping with land and taxes... (Building blocks of Altepetl--ethnic state)
Fall of Inca ("Land of Four Corners"...Southern highlands)
death of ruler (Huayana Capac) --> Civil War--> European invasion
Besides enslaving captives, thr Aztecs also
developed a tribute system to increase food supplies and trade goods
Unlike other civilizations, the Teotihuacan peopel
did not give power to one person
Which was true of Maya writing?
It was a form of hieroglyphic writing that included whole words, concepts, phonetic cues, and syllables.
Cahokia
Major Hopewell center (Mississippi)...focused on long-distance trade
What caused a change from the classic to postclassic periods?
Maya empire fell
The abandonment of major Hopewell sites around 400 CE
has no clear environmental or political explanation
Khipus
knotted colored cords to transmit information (population counts, etc.)...INCA
In the city of Teotihuacan, in central Mexico,
more than two-thirds of the population made their living from agriculture
Aztec Empire
originally known as ALTEPETL (an ethnic state)
In general, public life of Tenochtitlan was dominated by
religious rituals
While a Maya shared a single culture,
they were never united politically
Andean civilizations
undertook large-scale irrigation projects qnd built terraces to control erosion
The Inca, unlike the native groups of Mesoamerica and Mexico,
were pastoralists
Monctezuma II
Aztec ruler? Tenochtitlan?
Big focus for Wari and Tiwaniku
Agriculture, (Andean) ceramics, fish,
American Southwest DESERT cultures
Anasazi
Mit'a
Andean Labor system
Inca Capital
Cuzco
This civilization was in northern Peru after Chavin
Moche
Fall of Andean Moche
Natural disaster, drought, Wari (Andean Highland) military power growth
Aztec Capital
Tenochtitlan
Toltec Capital
Tula (Modern Mexico City) From here, power was extended
