HWH Ch. 11

Kivas

underground worship buildings of the ANASAZI people of Chaco Canyon

Ancient Mesoamerican and Andean cities

were very large and rivalrd those of Han China and Rome

TOltecs had weird politics because

2 cheiftans or kings

Aztec rule was based on

a council of arisocrats selecting new rulers

Cahokia is an example of

a mound-building culture

Teotihuacan's long distance trade is evidenced by

archaelogical evidence of a large military designed to protect trade

The Maya "long count" calendar is most likely

associated with the understanding of their creation

The Toltec state was

built on military power and conquest

Maya military fought to secure

captives (not territory)

Maya cosmos was divided into three layers that

connected along vertical axis to trace the course of the sun

Huizilopochtli and Tlaloc

Gods of Aztecs symbolizing war, agriculture, the SUN

Calpolli

Group of up to 100 families helping with land and taxes... (Building blocks of Altepetl--ethnic state)

Fall of Inca ("Land of Four Corners"...Southern highlands)

death of ruler (Huayana Capac) --> Civil War--> European invasion

Besides enslaving captives, thr Aztecs also

developed a tribute system to increase food supplies and trade goods

Unlike other civilizations, the Teotihuacan peopel

did not give power to one person

Which was true of Maya writing?

It was a form of hieroglyphic writing that included whole words, concepts, phonetic cues, and syllables.

Cahokia

Major Hopewell center (Mississippi)...focused on long-distance trade

What caused a change from the classic to postclassic periods?

Maya empire fell

The abandonment of major Hopewell sites around 400 CE

has no clear environmental or political explanation

Khipus

knotted colored cords to transmit information (population counts, etc.)...INCA

In the city of Teotihuacan, in central Mexico,

more than two-thirds of the population made their living from agriculture

Aztec Empire

originally known as ALTEPETL (an ethnic state)

In general, public life of Tenochtitlan was dominated by

religious rituals

While a Maya shared a single culture,

they were never united politically

Andean civilizations

undertook large-scale irrigation projects qnd built terraces to control erosion

The Inca, unlike the native groups of Mesoamerica and Mexico,

were pastoralists

Monctezuma II

Aztec ruler? Tenochtitlan?

Big focus for Wari and Tiwaniku

Agriculture, (Andean) ceramics, fish,

American Southwest DESERT cultures

Anasazi

Mit'a

Andean Labor system

Inca Capital

Cuzco

This civilization was in northern Peru after Chavin

Moche

Fall of Andean Moche

Natural disaster, drought, Wari (Andean Highland) military power growth

Aztec Capital

Tenochtitlan

Toltec Capital

Tula (Modern Mexico City) From here, power was extended