Jawetz ch. 33 & 44: HIV, Herpesviruses

The causative agent is herpes simplex virus type 1.

An outbreak of a rash called "mat herpes" occurred among high school students who had competed in a wrestling tournament. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

The earlier in life primary infection is acquired, the more likely the typical picture of infectious mononucleosis will be manifest.

Each of the following statements concerning Epstein-Barr virus is correct except

A major problem with testing for antibody to the virus is its cross-reactivity with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1.

Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct except

The presence of circulating antibodies that neutralize HIV is evidence that an individual is protected against HIV- induced disease.

Each of the following statements concerning HIV is correct except

During latency, antiviral antibody is not demonstrable in the sera of infected individuals.

Each of the following statements concerning herpesvirus latency is correct except

Urine not visibly contaminated with blood

In a person with HIV infection, potentially infectious fluids include all of the following except

Individuals older than age 60 years

The shingles vaccine is recommended for which of the following groups?

Neutralizing antibodies are not elicited

The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a long period (clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of AIDS. During this period of clinical latency

Persons at advanced age

Which of the following groups are at increased risk for herpes zoster?

A tourist in Botswana who has sex with a prostitute

Which of the following individuals may be at increased risk of acquiring an HIV infection?

They have short, cytolytic growth cycles in cultured cells.

Which of the following statements about betaherpesviruses is not true?

Kaposi Sarcoma

Which of the following tumors is caused by a virus other than Epstein-Barr virus?

Cytomegalovirus

Which of the following viruses causes a mononucleosis-like syndrome and is excreted in the urine?

Acyclovir

Which one of the following is a recommended therapy for herpes simplex virus genital infection?

Acyclovir is phosphorylated by a virus-encoded phosphokinase only within HSV-infected cells.

Which one of the following is the best explanation for the selective action of acyclovir (acycloguanosine) in herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells?

Varicella-zoster

A Tzanck smear of a scraping obtained from a vesicle on the skin demonstrates multinucleated giant cells. Multinucleated giant cells are associated with which of the following viruses?

Infectious mononucleosis

A 19-year-old female college student has a fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy accompanied by lymphocytosis with atypical cells and an increase in sheep cell agglutinins. e diagnosis is most likely

They can be caused by either herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2.

A 28-year-old woman has recurrent genital herpes. Which of the following statements about genital herpes infections is true?

Is probably not infected with HIV

A 36-year-old nurse suffered a needlestick with blood from an HIV-positive patient. Six months later, the nurse's serum was positive in an EIA test, gave equivocal results in a repeat EIA test, and was negative by Western blot. The nurse

Probably has a CD4 T-cell count below 200 cells/μL

A 41-year-old HIV-infected male who had refused antiretroviral therapy is diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci infection. This patient

JC virus

A 48-year-old HIV-positive man with a CD4 count of 40 com- plains of memory loss to his doctor. Four months later, he becomes paralyzed and dies. An autopsy reveals demyelination of many neurons in the brain, and electron microscopy shows clusters of nonenveloped viral particles in the neurons. The most likely cause of the disease is

Polymerase chain reaction assay for viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid

A 53-year-old woman develops fever and focal neurologic signs. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a left temporal lobe lesion. Which of the following tests would be most appropriate to confirm a diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis in this patient?

Varicella-zoster virus

A previously healthy 3-year-old boy develops a classic viral childhood illness. Which of the following primary viral infections of childhood is usually symptomatic?

Binds to the viral coreceptor on the cell surface

HIV-1 encodes an envelope glycoprotein, gp120. is protein

Infect cells of the immune system

HIV-1 is classified as a member of the Lentivirus genus in the Retroviridae family. Lentiviruses

South/Southeast Asia

HIV/AIDS has become a worldwide epidemic that continues to expand. In 2009, the geographic area that had the largest number of HIV-infected people after sub-Saharan Africa was

Congenital abnormalities caused by transplacental passage

Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus share many features. Which one of the following features is least likely to be shared?

Whereas HSV-1 causes frequent recurrences, HSV-2 infection rarely recurs.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is distinct from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in several different ways. Which one of the following is the least accurate statement?

Inhibits a late step in virus replication

Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy for HIV infection usually includes a protease inhibitor such as saquinavir. Such a protease inhibitor

(A) It does not eliminate latent HIV infection (B) Its cost is too great for 90% of AIDS su erers (C) It o en has severe side e ects (D) Some HIV strains are resistant to it *******(E) All of the above

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is less than ideal because

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus

Most herpesvirus infections are endemic worldwide. Which one of the following viruses shows marked geographic differences in seroprevalence?

About 20%

Of the more than 1 million persons estimated to be living with HIV in the United States in 2011, how many are thought to be unaware of their infection?

Cytomegalovirus

The most common congenital infection is caused by

Varicella-zoster reactivation

Vaccines have been demonstrated to be efficacious in preventing herpesvirus disease in which one of the following situations?

Hepatitis C virus

Viral coinfections occur in HIV-1-infected individuals and may contribute to morbidity and mortality. The most common coinfection in HIV-1-positive persons in the United States involves