Kingdom Classification of Biodiversity HL Biology Unit 5

How many domains are there?

3

how many domains are there?

3

An organism has the following characteristics: -single opening for ingestion and egestion -radial symmetry -tentacles with stinging cells. In what phylum would it most likely be classified?

Cnidaria

A plant has cambium in its vascular tissue and pollen is produced in male cones. The plant disperses seeds but does not produce fruit. In which phylum does this plant belong?

Coniferophyta

What plant phylum has woody stems and reproduces by spores that are released from cones?

Coniferophyta

This phylum contains vascular plants, but do not produce flowers. They do not have woody stems, and they reproduce by spores.

Filicinophyta

What kingdom consists of organisms that are eukaryotic and have cell walls made out of chitin?

Fungi

I am enormous but mostly invisible because my body is hidden under soil. When sexually mature I make spores in fruiting bodies that rise above the soil and release millions of spores. I eat by digesting dead plant material in the soil as I grow through it.

Fungi; mushroom

I grow inside living trees and slowly digest their wood, making it rot. I got inside the tree back when I was a spore that landed on a wound made by a weedeater. My body is a whitish, thready mass called a mycelium. I eventually kill my host tree.

Fungi; shelf fungus

_____ are types of antibiotics made by halophile archaeans. Just as penicillin was first discovered in a fungus, lots of pharmaceutical drugs come from naturally occurring compounds.

Halocins

All of the following are challenges of reclassification EXCEPT:

Hard to update online databases

TOPIC 2 REVIEW QUESTION: During DNA replication, what enzyme unwinds the double helix and separates the two strands of DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds?

Helicase

filter feeders

How do sea sponges eat?

How can molluscs and platyhelminthes be distinguished?

Molluscs have a mouth and an anus but platyhelminthes do not.

What kingdom consists of organisms that are all multicellular, eukaryotic, immobile and have cell walls made out of cellulose?

Plantae

I am a multicellular autotroph that lives on land. I grow flowers with eggs and pollen inside them, and produce seeds inside of fruits.

Plantae; Apple tree

I am photosynthetic and multicellular. I make my own glucose food from sunlight, but get my fertilizer from insects I can catch in my folding leaves.

Plantae; venus flytrap

This kingdom is very diverse. All are eukaryotic, most are unicellular, some have cell walls, and some are autotrophic.

Protista

What kingdom does this amoeba organisms belong to?

Protista

What kingdom does this giant kelp belong to?

Protista

I am a multicellular, photosynthetic, marine, organism with motile sperm cells. I grow very fast and live my adult life attached to rocks being pounded by waves

Protista; Kelp

I am a motile unicell that lives in pondwater. My body is covered with cilia and I can swim very fast. I eat bacteria by endocytosis

Protista; Paramecium

I am multicellular, and my body is shaped like a thread. I live in water and turn it bright green when my population explodes. I reproduce using motile sperm.

Protista; algae

I am both unicellular and multicellular depending on how old I am. When I am getting ready to reproduce, my cells join together to make a slippery, slithering mass that is bright orange. When mature, I dry out and release millions of spores. I eat by digesting dead leaves and absorbing the nutrients.

Protista; slime mold

What order to garden peas belong to?

Rosales

What kind of organism might you find living in this Yellowstone hot spring?

Thermophiles

Human Taxa

animalia, chordata, mammalia, primate, homindae, Homo, sapiens

vertebates

animals with a backbone

Which phyla have bilateral symmetry?

annelida, arthropoda, platyhelmintha

bristles

annelids have these on their bodies; although they are not always easily visible

Grand Prismatic Thermal Springs in Yellowstone National Park. The bright colours around the edge of the hot water are caused by microbial colonies that include _____.

archaeans

viruses

are not classified as living organisms

A good example of reclassification is a group of flowers called _____.

asters

Which of the following is not considered a phylum in the kingdom animalia?

bryophyta

Birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish are all classes in which phylum?

chordata

taxonomists

classify species using a hierarchy of taxa

What is important for a system of classification is that it is clear, _______, logical, easily implemented, and that there is a general consensus to apply it.

consistent

All of the following are reasons for putting living organisms into groups according to a natural classification rather than an artificial one EXCEPT:

determining morphological similarities

Which is the hierarchy of taxa in order of decreasing numbers of species?

domain, phylum, order, family

At the top of the hierarchy are the three largest groups for organisms, called

domains

Common names do not reveal anything about a species' ______ links, but its scientific name does

evolutionary

The types of archaeans that prefer extreme conditions are called ______ and include thermophiles (heat-loving), methanophiles (methane-loving), and halophiles (salt-loving).

extremophiles

Diffusion

how gas exchange happens in the Platyhelminthes

Binomial system

is universal among biologists and has been agreed and developed at a series of congresses

sessile

lifestyle in which the organism is stuck in one place

Which of the following characteristics is NOT indicative of mammals?

live birth

Which of the following is NOT a clade of amphibians?

lizards

chitin

material that the exoskeleton of arthropods are made from

archaebacteria

members of this kingdom are all prokaryotic, unicellular and have cell walls made from lipids

fungi

members of this kingdom have cell walls made of chitin

Nematocysts/Cnidocytes

stinging cells for the phylum cnidaria

Dicotyledoneae

the class name of the garden pea

feathers

the defining characteristic of birds

Hominidae

the family that humans belong to

Chordata

the phylum for all vertebrates

annelida

the phylum for earthworms

Cnidaria

the phylum for sea jellies and coral polyps

arthropoda

the phylum that includes insects, spiders, and crustaceans

taxonomy

the science of grouping and naming organisms by using a hierarchy of data

calcium

the shells of Mollusca are reinforced by this element

bilateral symmetry

the type of symmetry humans have

radial

the type of symmetry that Cnidarians share

million

there are more than a _____________ arthropods

eukarya

this domain contains the kingdoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, and protista

amphibians

this group of animals all lay eggs that have no shell

cladograms

tree diagrams that show the most probable sequence of divergence in clades

Halophiles

type of archaebacteria that you might find living in the dead sea

exoskeleton

type of skeleton arthropods have

jointed

types of appendages that arthropods have

Filicinophyta

vascular plants that are recognizable by the absence of flowers and by their triangular fronds made up of many smaller long thin leaves

What kingdom of organisms might you find living in the Dead Sea?

Archaebacteria

Which scientist developed our modern classification system?

Carl Linnaeus

What class do humans belong to?

Mammalia

What is the only kingdom that ALL members are autotrophic.

Plantae

Reptiles

all are ectothermic and have dry scaly skin

hair

all mammals have mammary glands, 3 middle ear bones, and _________

Animalia

all members of this kingdom are multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and motile

plantae

all members of this kingdom are multicellular, eukaryotic, immobile, and autotrophic

eubactera

all members of this kingdom are prokaryotic, unicellular and have cell walls made from peptidoglycan

natural classification

allows for prediction of characteristics shared by a species and helps with the identification

protist

amoebas belong to this kingdom

invertebrate

An animal without a backbone

Today, it is preferable to use ______ and genetics to classify organisms.

Ancenstry

What phylum of plants produces flowers?

Angiospermophyta

What kingdom consists of organisms that are all multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and the embryos pass through a blastula stage?

Animalia

I am a multicellular heterotroph that eats by ingesting grass. My species have males and females, and we cannot reproduce asexually.

Animalia; Cow

I am a fast-moving predator. My body has organs and tissues. I have excellent eyesight and my favorite food is ducks. I can fly

Animalia; Hawk

Methanogens and halophiles are examples of:

Archae

_______ are single-celled organisms that are distinct from bacteria and are very ancient.Required to answer. Single line text.

Archaeans

This kingdom contains organisms that are prokaryotic, unicellular, and cell walls made out of lipids.

Archaebacteria

Which invertebrate phylum is characterized by a segmented body and bilateral symmetry?

Arthropoda

In the classification of Streptococcus bacteria shown here, which of the following is true:

Both Viridans + Pyogenes share a common ancestor

What phylum of plants is all nonvascular?

Bryophyta

The best way to establish a natural classification is to base it on ____ _____.

DNA Sequences

This kingdom is all prokaryotic, unicellular, and cell walls made from peptidoglycan

Eubacteria

What domain do Strep and E. coli belong to?

Eubacteria

______ is the domain in which we find the bacteria you are most familiar with: the kind that makes your yogurt taste good, the kind that helps your intestines work properly, and also the kind that might give you an infection.

Eubacteria

I cause dead animals to really stink when I slowly digest their tissues. I am a single-celled organism with no nucleus in my cell.

Eubacteria; Decomposer bacteria (Pseudomonas)

I am a single-celled, prokaryotic organism that lives in the large intestines of mammals like humans. I reproduce asexually by binary fission and can reproduce this way very fast

Eubacteria; E. coli

All organisms with a eukaryotic cell belong to this domain.

Eukaryota

______ is the domain in which we find all other life besides Archaea and bacteria, from the microscopic single-celled yeast that helps bread to rise, to enormous organisms such as sequoia trees and blue whales.

Eukaryota

The name of the three domains are the Archaea domain, the Eubacteria domain and _______ domain.Required to answer. Single line text.

Eukaryote

If seeds of an unknown species of plant are discovered, what assumption can be made about the species?

Its male gametes are contained within pollen.

If two organisms belong to the same phylum, then they must also belong to the same _____.

Kingdom

Taxa

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Scientist have deduced that the common ancestor to all life was an organism called ____ which lived 3.5 billion years ago and parts of its DNA code can be worked out by retracing and examining the ancestries of various forms of life.

LUCA

What is the genus name of a garden pea?

Pisum

How many taxa are the three domains subdivided into?

Seven

It was determined that there are significant enough differences between the Old World asters and the New World asters that a reclassification was necessary. The new classification is a better reflection of which ones are more closely related to each other. The New World group was in the genus Aster, but now is in the genus ______.

Symphyotrichum

______ is the science of grouping and naming organisms by using a hierarchy of taxa.

Taxonomy

_______ are not in any domain because they are not alive and do not necessarily share a common ancestry with each other.

Viruses

class

a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor

notochord

a line of cartilage going down the back that provides support to the animal

thermophiles

a type of archaebacteria that you would find in the hot springs of yellowstone national park

____ ____ uses ancestry to group organisms together, whereas artificial classification use arbitrary characteristics, such as whether or not a plant or animal tastes good, or is useful to the textile industry, or whose name begins with the letter 'c'.

natural classification

Bryophyta

non-vascular plants belong to this phylum

Linnaean classification was limited to ______ characteristics, and in Linnaeus's time little effort was made to classify organisms by their ancestry because nothing was known about the genetic connection between species.

observable

tapeworm

one of the most famous, or rather infamous, members of the platyhelmintha phylum

Organisms that belong to the same class also belong to the same

phylum

Porifera

phylum consists of sea sponges

Platyhelminthes

phylum for flatworms

mollusca

phylum that includes snails and clams

phloem

plant vascular tissue that transports sap

xylem

plant vascular tissue that transports water

Garden Pea Taxa

plantae, angiospermophyta, dicotyledoneae, roales, papilionaceae, pisum, sativum

Angiospermophyta

plants that have flowers and fruits

coniferophyta

plants with cones

jellyfish

probably the most notorious member of the phylum Cnidaria

segmented

refers to the fact that an organisms body is divided up into sections

Carl Linnaeus

scientist who came up with our classification system