L1: Introduction

What are the Greek roots of the word Epidemiology?

Epi - upon/among Demos - people/district Logos - science

A risk ratio equal to 0 indicates no association between an exposure and disease

F

An infection will reach an endemic phase when the basic reproductive number is less than 1

F

The term determinants refers to the direct causes of human disease

F

T/F Determining the causes of disease is a matter of fact, not inference

False

Epidemiologists interested in determining the causal impact of a potential exposure would typically prefer for a study to have greater internal validity than external validity (generalizability)

T

Intent-to-treat analyses are conducted to reduce potential selection bias in an RCT

T

Which of the following best describes a study design where subjects are sampled by disease status and is often used when the investigator is interested in rare diseases a. intervention trial b. case control study c. cohort study d. none

b. case control study

A rate is a type of ratio that a. has time as a unit in the numerator b. has time as a unit in the denominator c. is a measure of the causal association between an exposure and disease d. none

b. has time as a unit in the denominator

The strength of an association is one of the criteria for evaluating a potential causal relationship between an exposure and outcome. Which of the following is a measure of the strength of association? a. incidence rate among the exposure b. cumulative incidence among the exposed c. the ratio of the odds of exposure among the cases to the odds of exposure among non-cases d. none

c. the ratio of the odds of exposure among the cases to the odds of exposure among non-cases

The term that refers to the number of deaths due to a disease that occurs among persons who are afflicted with that disease is the

case fatality rate

Epidemic vs. Endemic

diseases that are "visited upon" a population vs. diseases that reside within a population

Epidemiologists are concerned with...

observing the collective health of the people in a community or area

Clinicians are concerned with....

treating the health of the individual