Lecture test 3 pretest

A mataure bone maintaining cell is called a:

osteocyte

The pituitary gland is located in the

sella turcica

The hyoid bone

serves as a base for muscles associated with the larynx, tongue and pharynx

The ________ joint is the most frequently dislocated joint of the body as it provides an excellent demonstration of the principle that stability must be sacrificed to obtain mobility.

shoulder

Which of the following joints permits slight movement?

suture

Typical movements at a hinge joint include

extension and flexion

The coronal suture is the boundary between which bones?

frontal and parietal

The bones of the limbs are classified as

long bones

Which of the following curves develops as a child begins to stand and walk?

lumbar

Diarthrodial joint is

freely movable joint

The intervertebral articulations are classified as ________ joints.

gliding and symphysis

The joints between the phalanges are classified as

hinges

What type of cartilage is the precursor of long bones inthe embryo?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is an example of the skeletal system's primary function of providing structural support?

individual bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs

Regulatory functions of the skeletal system include

maintaining the normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids

The bone that makes up the lower jaw is the

mandible

Which of the following is formed via intramembranous ossification?

mandible

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?

shoulder

Intermembranous bone formation takes place in the:

skull

Which of the following terms does not belongs?

Perichondrium

Which of the following is considered a gliding joint?

Vertebra

The depression that receives the head of the femur is the

acetabulum

During endochondral bone formation, the hypertrophied cartilagecells produce the enzyme:

alkaline phosphatase

Which joint type can perform rotation movements?

ball and socket

Which of the following accounts for almost two-thirds of the mass of bone tissue?

calcium phosphate

In healing of a fracture, the stage consisting of the layingdown of loosely woven bone is termed:

callus

The medullary cavity of a long bone is lined with ________.

endosteum

The presence of an epiphyseal line indicates

epiphyseal growth has ended

The presence of ________ strongly indicates that the long bone is still growing.

epiphyseal plate

________ is a movement that occurs in the anterior-posterior plane and increases the angle between the articulating bones.

extension

Ribs that have no connection to the sternum are called ________.

floating ribs

The areas of fibrous connective tissue that exist between cranial bones at birth are called ________.

fontanels

Which structural feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

glenoid cavity

Which suture connects the occipital bone to the parietal bones?

lamboid

Compared with the male pelvis, the female pelvis has a

larger pelvic outlet

Humans have ________ pairs of ribs.

12

The appendicular skeleton contains ________ bones.

126

An epiphyseal disk would not be found in a:

20 yr. old female

The bones that form the palms of the hands are the

metacarpals

The primary function of ________ is exemplified when bones function as levers.

movement

An example of a seasmoid bone would be:

patella

Tarsal bones are classified as ________ bones.

short

Skull bones are joined by tight connections called

sutures

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?

the scapula

Costal facets are distinctive features of ________ vertebrae.

thoracic

The patellar ligament connects the patella to the ________ just below the knee joint.

tibial tuberosity

Jason fractured his pisiform bone in an accident. What part of his body is injured?

wrist

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between articulating bones is which movement?

flexion

Which of the following is found only in compact bone?

osteons

The ________ ligament of the knee continues its attachment on the anterior surface of the tibia and provides support to the front of the knee.

patellar

The connective tissue covering the outer surface of a bone is (the)

periosteum

A crest on a bone is defined as a(n)

prominent ridge

In anatomical position, when the palm is moved to face posteriorly, the movement of the wrist and hand is called ________.

pronation

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.

protraction

The fibula

provides lateral stability to the ankle

Choose the distinctive feature of lumbar vertebrae.

relatively massive, stumpy spinous process that projects posteriorly

The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bone with the temporal bone is the ________ suture.

squamous suture

The jugular notch is a structural feature of the ________.

sternum

Which structural feature of the humerus is a common fracture site?

surgical neck

A fibrous joint in which the bones are held together by a ligamentous connection is a

syndesmosis

The typical vertebra's ________, projecting laterally or dorsolaterally from the pedicles, serves as a site for muscle attachment.

transverse process

Ribs that are connected to the sternum by separate cartilaginous extensions are called ________ ribs.

true

The most inferior portion of the sternum is called the

xiphoid process

Which of the following is most likely to be damaged during CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)?

xiphoid process

The following are major steps in the process of endochondral ossification: 1. Bone forms at the diaphysis surface. 2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 3. Chondrocytes enlarge and calcify. 4. Osteoclasts create a marrow cavity. 5. Blood vessels invade the inner cartilage and new osteoblasts form spongy bone at a primary ossification center. The correct order for these events is

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.

5

The ankle consists of ________ tarsal bones.

7

The little canals in the Haversian system are called

Canaliculi

A cartilage forming cell is called

Chondroblast

The most common protection found in the human body is

Collagen

All of the following terms describe spongy bone except

Compact bone

Rickets is a condition marked by a softening and bending of bones that occurs in growing children, as a result of ________ deficiency.

D3

A bone destroying cells is

Osteoclasts

The process of reabsorption of previously laid down bone is accomplished by

Osteoclasts

Bone can only grow appositionally

True

Which of the following primary functions of the skeletal system applies to the role of bone marrow?

blood cell production

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

blood cells

Inner 1/3 of compact bone receives its nutrients from:

branches of the nutrient artery

What is defined as a small packet of connective tissue containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction in a joint and acts as a shock absorber?

bursa

The process of depositing calcium salts into a tissue other than bone is called ________.

calcification

Small channels, called ________, radiate through the matrix of bone.

canaliculi

The atlas is classified as a ________ vertebra.

cervical

In cartilage, stem cells first differentiate into:

chrondoblasts

Moving the arm in a loop is an example of which angular movement?

circumduction

The organic component of the matrix, which makes up around one-third of the mass of bone, is dominated by

collagen fibers

The smooth, rounded, or oval articular process of a bone is termed a

condyle

Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?

connective tissue

The frontal and parietal bones articulate at the ________ suture.

coronal

True ribs are directly connected to the sternum by ________.

costal cartilages

The ________ ligaments of the knee cross each other as they attach the tibia to the femur.

cruciate

Which structural feature(s) of the knee function(s) in limiting the anterior and posterior movement of the femur?

cruciate ligaments

The C1 vertebra forms a pivot joint with the C2 vertebra through a projection called the ________.

dens

The hormone calcitonin functions to

depress calcium levels in body fluids

The shaft of a long bone is called the ________.

diaphysis

Red marrow in adults is found in all of the following locations except

diaphysis of long bones

Which of the following associations is most accurate?

diarthroses, synovial

The coccyx is typically composed of ________ fused vertebrae.

3-5

The first stage in the healing of a fracture is

Stage of hematoma

A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is

abduction

One role of the fontanels is to

allow for the change in shape of the skull during childbirth

The anterior connection between the two pubic bones is

an example of a symphysis

An increase in the diameter of growing bone is termed ________ growth.

appositional

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis?

articulation between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing long bone

Bones encased within the temporal bone that are involved in sound detection are called

auditory ossicles

The trochlea is a structural feature of which bone?

humerus

The coxal bone forms by the fusion of which components?

ilium, ischium, pubis

A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is termed

inversion

The structure that surrounds a diarthrotic joint is called a(n)

joint capsule

The fibular collateral ligament is part of which joint?

knee

Bones of the skull that articulate with the nasal bones include (the)

maxillary bone

During the process of ________, an existing tissue is replaced with bone.

ossification

Bone forming cells are called

osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

osteoblasts

Immature, active bone cells that produce new bone matrix are termed

osteoblasts

Bone cells capable of dissolving the bony matrix are termed

osteoclasts

A joint that binds each tooth within a bony socket is called a

gomphosis

Which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

ribs

Which of the following is a carpal bone?

scaphoid

The vertebral column contains ________ cervical vertebrae.

7

Normal blood calcium levels are:

9 - 11 mg/100 ml blood

What joint has movement in two planes at right angles to each other

A condyloid joints

During endochondral bone formation, hypertrophied cartilage cells secrete

Alkaline phosphate

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed

scoliosis

Hyaline cartilage is found

At articular surface of bone, at the ventral ends of ribs

intramembraneous bones formation takes place inside a membrane

True

A compound fracture

results in bone projecting through the skin

A joint that permits no movement and is described as an interposition of cartilage plates is called a

synchondrosis

Compact bone is only found in the heads of long bones.

False

During the fetal period cartilage only grows appositionally whereas the cartilage in older people grows both appositionally and interstitially

False

A synarthroses are joints which permit slight movement.

False

On the articulating surface of a bone what is not present

Perichondrium, perichondrium

When capillaries invade calcified cartilage, osteoblasts produce bone on cartilage remains and the covering of cartilage called.

Periosteum

Function of skeletal system is

Support and shape of the organism, to provide attachment places for muscles, a storage area for mineral salts