*Microbiology Chapter 18-19

All of the following are associated with subacute endocarditis except occurs in patients that have prior heart damage. bacteria colonize previously damaged heart tissue resulting in a vegetation. caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue. oral bacteria get introduced by dental procedures to the blood. signs and symptoms include fever, heart murmur, and possible emboli.

caused by immune system autoantibodies that attack heart and valve tissue.

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with tetracyline. penicillin v. vancomycin. eryrthromycin. cefotaxime.

cefotaxime

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in SARS. pertussis. tuberculosis. diphtheria. pharyngitis.

diphtheria

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pyogenes? sensitive to bacitracin forms spores beta hemolytic gram positive group A streptococcus

forms spores

Which of the following requires direct contact with infected body fluids? yellow fever Lassa fever trench fever dengue fever Q fever

lassa fever

Which of the following pertains to diphtheria? prevented by the DTaP immunization symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea results in meningitis can be transmitted from mother's birth canal to neonate All of the choices are correct.

prevented by the DTaP immunization

Which is incorrect about Yersinia pestis? produces enterotoxin gram-negative rod transmitted by fleas has a capsule exhibits bipolar stainin

produces enterotoxin

The causative organism of malaria is a virus. bacterium. protozoan. fungus. prion.

protozoan

The reservoir for Lassa fever is the gorilla. rat. cattle. cat. monkey.

rat

The most common type of virus leading to rhinitis is retrovirus. herpes simplex virus. rhinovirus. adenovirus. coronavirus.

rhinovirus

Rocky Mountain spotted fever All of the choices are correct. is seen in highest numbers along the west coast. is transmitted by Ixodes ticks. never has severe complications. symptoms include fever, headache, and rash.

symptoms include fever, headache, and rash

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever. True False

true

In severe cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the enlarged lesions of the rash can become necrotic and predispose the patient to gangrene of toes and fingertips. True False

true

Medical professionals actually observe MDRTB patients take their medicine through a program called DOT. True False

true

Pertussis outbreaks still occur in the United States. True False

true

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of global respiratory infection outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger. True False

true

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have no normal biota. True False

true

The highest numbers of cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever occur along the eastern seaboard. True False

true

Rabbits and other rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of malaria. anthrax. tularemia. mononucleosis. brucellosis.

tularemia

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a(n) sputum culture. tuberculin skin test. acid-fast stain of sputum. chest X ray. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

Lyme disease involves early symptoms of fever, headache, and stiff neck. treatment with antimicrobials. people having contact with ticks. crippling polyarthritis, and cardiovascular and neurological problems. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct

Streptococcus pneumoniae is alpha-hemolytic on blood agar. most likely to cause infection in older adults. a gram-positive diplococcus with a capsule. All of the choices are correct. often referred to as pneumococcus.

All of the choices are correct

Tuberculin skin testing injects PPD intradermally. uses a purified protein filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All of the choices are correct. will be positive if the person has active TB. will be positive if the person has had previous exposure to TB.

All of the choices are correct

Yellow fever and dengue fever are All of the choices are correct. caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting. caused by arboviruses. zoonoses. transmitted by a mosquito vector.

All of the choices are correct

Which is not correct about Mycobacterium species? Usually have a slow growth rate. They are long, slender rods. They are acid fast. Cell walls have waxy lipids. All species are human pathogens.

All species are human pathogens

The causative organism of whooping cough is Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bordetella pertussis. Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Bordetella pertussis

What is the function of normal biota of the respiratory tract? provide antibodies compete with pathogens for resources and space Compete with pathogens for resources and space, microbial antagonism, and provide antibodies are all correct. microbial antagonism Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct.

Both compete with pathogens for resources and space and microbial antagonism are correct

All of the following pertain to HIV except attaches primarily to host cells with CD4 receptors. becomes latent in host cells. initial infection often associated with vague symptoms. ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens. can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities.

ELISA and Western blot tests detect HIV antigens

Normal biota of the lower respiratory tract include Staphlococcus aureus. None of the choices is correct. Haemophilus influenzae. Corynebacterium. Candida albicans.

None of the choices is correct

This opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients. None of the choices is correct. Cryptococcus neoformans Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci Candida albicans Malassezia furfur

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci

Which of the following is not true of influenza? Symptoms are very similar to the common cold. The virus can infect both humans and swine. Antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands. Antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition. It has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).

Symptoms are very similar to the common cold

Each of the following may be used in the treatment of anthrax except chloroquine. ciprofloxacin. doxycycline. penicillin.

chloroquine

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in bones? yellow fever Ebola dengue fever Lassa fever Marburg

dengue fever

Infection travels to the middle ear by way of the subarachnoid space. sinuses. nasal cavity. eustachian (auditory) tubes. auditory canal.

eustachian (auditory) tubes

A paroxysmal cough is associated with Legionnaires' disease. True False

false

Antibiotic treatment for otitis media is standard procedure today. True False

false

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut. True False

false

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test. True False

false

Treatment for diphtheria requires only penicillin or erythromycin. True False

false

Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells? protease inhibitors reverse transcriptase inhibitors integrase inhibitors fusion inhibitors All of the choices are correct.

fusion inhibitors

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except they have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood. can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders. get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections. have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States. have an immunodeficiency.

have the highest number of cases worldwide in the United States

Epstein-Barr virus has the following characteristics except it is more commonly found in adults. can be transmitted by contaminated blood transfusions and organ transplants. has a 30- to 50- day incubation. is transmitted by direct oral contact and saliva. produces sudden leukocytosis.

is more commonly found in adults

Yersinia pestis has humans as an endemic reservoir. All of the choices are correct. does not respond to antimicrobial drugs. is usually transmitted by a flea vector. was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent.

is usually transmitted by a flea vector

Yersinia pestis was virulent in the Middle Ages but is no longer virulent. All of the choices are correct. has humans as an endemic reservoir. does not respond to antimicrobial drugs. is usually transmitted by a flea vector.

is usually transmitted by a flea vector

Characteristics of Histoplasma capsulatum include it grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings. it is a yeast with a capsule. its transmission occurs through water droplets. it always results in severe infections. it is commonly found in the southwestern United States.

it grows in moist soil; rich in nitrogen from bird and bat droppings

Streptococcal pharyngitis involves all of the following except it can lead to scarlet fever if it is an erythrogenic toxin-producing strain. it can lead to serious sequelae. a purulent exudate over the tonsils. it is viral in origin. it causes difficulty in swallowing and fever.

it is viral in origin

Which of the following is not part of the upper respiratory tract? mouth nasal cavity pharynx larynx trachea

trachea

Which is incorrect regarding Q fever? causes fever, muscle aches, rash, and sometimes pneumonia is a zoonosis transmitted by lice humans infected from unpasteurized milk and airborne spread pathogen produces resistant spores

transmitted by lice

The presence of viruses in the blood is called septicemia. viremia. hemovirus. fungemia. bacteremia.

viremia

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever? cat-scratch fever trench fever Q fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever yellow fever

yellow fever