Midterm

At some point, the systems development team "freezes" the design. This "frozen" design is the reference design and any changes must go through managed and disciplined change control. This is called establishing a [a]

Baseline

What is TPM?

Technical Performance Measure

True

(True or False): A significant management challenge for system engineering is to evaluate and integrate the CAD tools for a system project, where they work together to effectively address both the component level and the entire system level

True

(True or False): During system operational use and life-cycle support, success data refers to information covering system operations and utilization on a continuing basis.

False

(True or False): Once the system is in production, it is not that important to maintain the system configuration and performance characteristics.

True

(True or False): Ranking of the customer needs in priority order is a part of the House of Quality (HOQ).

False

(True or False): Since system retirement and material disposal happen so far in the future, decisions made in design do not really have that much impact on that step in the System Engineering Process.

False

(True or False): System engineering needs to decide on every CAD tool used throughout every level of the system design.

True

(True or False): System engineering needs to help develop a capability allowing the smooth and automated flow of information from the CAD capability to CAM and CAS.

False

(True or False): The best way to test and evaluate a system is to first build the complete system and test the whole thing to see if it all works.

rapid prototyping

The iterative and evolutionary process of software development, accomplished throughout the preliminary and detail design phases, is referred to as [A]. This process can also be used in other areas such as embedded systems and mechanical designs

1. Design drawings 2. Materials and parts lists 3. Analysis reports

The results of design have generally been conveyed through a combination of the following: 1. 2. 3.

1. PC and network 2. Software tools 3. Data management tools

There are 3 major areas of current design technologies and tools that have been great enablers and will see continued advancement into the future. What are they? 1. 2. 3.

(True or False): One of the objectives of system engineering is to assume a leadership role to ensure the proper and timely selection and integration of all the required design disciplines.

True

(True or False): Reliability, Safety, and Logistics Engineering are examples of major supporting design disciplines.

True

(True or False): Systems engineers typically use both top-down and bottom-up approaches in development of the system.

True

(True or False): Toward the latter stages of detail design, one part of the objective is to establish a "baseline" for the purposes of benchmarking.

True

What are the Type A, B, C, D, E Specifications?

Type A: System Specifications Type B: Development Specifications Type C: Product Specifications Type D: Process Specifications Type E: Material Specifications

A. Design changes will affect form, fit, and/or function. B. Design changes are relatively minor in nature and will not affect system specification requirements.

[A] Class 1 [B] Class 2

Which engineering discipline presented in class is NOT included in the textbook? a) Production b) Product c) Supportability d) Manufacturing

b) Product

Dealing with external interfaces and integrating our system with other external systems is called design for a) Quality b) Performance c) Interoperability d) Transportability e) Environment

c) Interoperability

Which engineering discipline would have this as its goal: meeting or exceeding the requirements, expectations, and needs of the consumer/customer? a) Value/Cost b) Product c) Quality d) Human-factors e) Reliability

c) Quality

Which of the following statements is not true: a) Systems Engineering bridges traditional engineering disciplines. b) Systems Engineering often leads formative stages of development. c) Systems Engineering typically leads the planning and control aspects. d) Systems Engineering is focused on the system as a whole

c) Systems Engineering typically leads the planning and control aspects.

d) System-level CAD

1. CORE, CASA, and OPUS are examples of what kind of tools? a) CAS b) Component-level CAD c) CAM d) System-level CAD

d) All of the above

1. Conventional design practices of the past have created major challenges. The textbook mentions which of the following have occurred in numerous instances? a) Procedures have been bypassed. b) Changes have been implemented without proper approvals and necessary coordination. c) Appropriate configuration controls have not been practiced. d) All of the above e) None of the above

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what are the two parts to the third step?

1. Design Integration 2. Component Acquisition

Three types of baselines:

1. Functional 2. Allocated 3. Product

a) partitioning b) allocation c) traceability

Breaking the system down into subsystems and lower-level elements is called [a]. Dividing up the requirements into the various subsystems and major lower-level components is called [b]. There should be a [c] of requirements from top down and those identified at lower levels must directly support the requirements for the overall system.

The group that establishes the process for making changes and approves changes made in a system design configuration in the process of CM is called the: ECP Baseline SDT DRB CCB

CCB

CCB:

Configuration Control Board

A short-hand term or abbreviation for "incorporating additional design considerations besides just functionality, specifications, and performance" =

DFx

The group that is established for a formal design review representing the organizational elements and the disciplines affected by the review is called the CCB SDT DRB Baseline ECP

DRB

DRB:

Design Review Board

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, there are 4 parts to the sixth step. What are they? Full-scale [a], System [b], [c] and [d] system eval

Full-scale production, System utilization, maintenance and support system eval

(True or False): According to the author, we may need to involve a number of suppliers from even different nations as members of the design team.

True

(True or False): It is important to capture the design requirements for production/construction capability from the very beginning.

True

The key concept in concurrent engineering is a) The system is able to perform various functions simultaneously. b) All elements of the product life cycle are considered during development, from the beginning. c) All development engineers for the system are working on it at the same time, in parallel with each other. d) Various portions of the system are designed simultaneously.

b) All elements of the product life cycle are considered during development, from the beginning.

Supply Chain Management would generally be a part of which design discipline? a) Disposability b) Logistics c) Maintainability d) Reliability e) Quality

b) Logistics

The purpose of the design review process is: to evaluate the system requirements in terms of the customer needs. to evaluate how well the system is being delivered in terms of the schedule. to evaluate the cost of the system development in terms of the budget. to evaluate the system configuration at different stages in terms of the requirements

to evaluate the system configuration at different stages in terms of the requirements

1. According to the author, the design process is continuous. Match the activity on the left with the description on the right. 1) Conceptual design 2) Preliminary design 3) Detail design and development A. Component-level configuration is developed B. Subsystem-level configuration is developed C. System-level configuration is developed

1) Conceptual design [C] 2) Preliminary design [B] 3) Detail design and development [A]

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what 2 parts comprise the second step?

1. Functional Analysis 2. Requirements Allocation

[E] 1) Used in the design of facilities and functions involving "channel" activity [A] 2) Used in conducting break-even evaluations and performance of LCC analysis [D] 3) Used in understanding and analysis of reliability and maintainability [B] 4) Used in implementing TQM and SPC programs [C] 5) Used in determining recommended components replacement policies and equipment packing schemes

1. Match the area on the right with how it is used in system engineering/analysis on the left. 1) Used in the design of facilities and functions involving "channel" activity 2) Used in conducting break-even evaluations and performance of LCC analysis 3) Used in understanding and analysis of reliability and maintainability 4) Used in implementing TQM and SPC programs 5) Used in determining recommended components replacement policies and equipment packing schemes A. Economic analysis B. Control concepts and techniques C. Optimization methods D. Probability theory and analysis E. Queuing theory and analysis

1. System Synthesis [c] 2. Analysis [b] 3. Design Optimization [a] 4. Design Integration [d]

1. Match the term with the definition on the right. 1. System Synthesis 2. Analysis 3. Design Optimization 4. Design Integration A. Determining the best alternative from the evaluation of configurations B. Evaluating alternative feasible configurations C. Combining and structuring components in such a way as to represent a feasible system configuration. D. Building the components into a fully configured system.

c) Component-level CAD

1. PSPICE and Solidworks are examples of what kind of tools? a) CAS b) CAM c) Component-level CAD d) System-level CAD

a) CAM

1. Process planning, NC/CNC, robotics and production management would be activities for what area? a) CAM b) Component-level CAD c) System-level CAD d) CAS

The total life-cycle cost can be broken down as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4.

1. Research and Development cost 2. Production and Construction cost 3. Operation and maintenance cost 4. System retirement and phase-out cost

a) CAS

1. SA and LMI would be activities for what area? a) CAS b) System-level CAD c) Component-level CAD d) CAM

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what are the two items in the 7th, or last, step?

1. System retirement 2. material disposal

mock-up

Constructing a three-dimensional scale model of the system, or an element thereof, is called a physical [A]. This has been used effectively in facility design and aircraft design, as well as other systems and equipment

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what are the two items at the bottom of the V (the fourth step)? [a] and [b]

Construction and installation of capital assets

What is typically the last major formal Design Review?

Critical Design Review

ECP:

Engineering Change Proposal

Functional Flow Block Diagram

FFBD stands for

(True or False): It is not important to address the interaction effects between the newly designed system and other systems that operate independently within the same general geographical area.

False

(True or False): It is not that important to capture the design requirements for maintenance and support infrastructure from the beginning. We can wait until design integration and evaluation for that.

False

(True or False): Systems engineers are usually responsible for the project management for the entire system development program.

False

(True or False): The TEMP is the Test Engineering Master Plan.

False

a) Type 2 b) Type 4 c) Type 1 d) Type 3

Identify each of these 4 Testing Levels as Type 1, 2, 3, or 4: [a] Formal tests and demonstrations during later stages of detailed design and development phase; typically with preproduction prototypes; qualification type testing occurs here. [b] Formal tests conducted during system operational use and life-cycle support phase; typically at operational sites in real environment by operational and maintenance personal. [c] Evaluation of system components in the laboratory using engineering breadboards, bench test models, service test models, rapid prototyping; mainly to test functionality and performance in a development environment. [d] Formal tests at designated field sites by user personnel over an extended period of time; typically with early production or integrated models after system qualification and before completion of production/construction phase.

a) Organizational maintenance b) Intermediate maintenance c) Depot or supplier maintenance

Identify the 3 types or levels of Maintenance support for a system. [a] Performed at the operational site, typically by the using organization on its own equipment; typically includes periodic maintenance and simple repairs. [b] Performed by mobile, semi-mobile, and/or fixed specialized organizations and installations; typically includes removal and replacement of major modules and some system disassembly. [c] The highest level of maintenance and can do all levels of repair, system disassembly, module replacement, etc.; typically a fixed location and includes large inventory of spare parts and highly skilled specialists.

b) System Requirements (Needs Analysis)

In what step of the System Engineering Process does the textbook first mention that we need to ask the question, "Why must these functions be accomplished"? a) Definition of Problem (Current Deficiency) b) System Requirements (Needs Analysis) c) System Feasibility Analysis d) Functional Analysis e) System Synthesis, Analysis, and Design Optimization

a) Definition of Problem (Current Deficiency)

In what step of the System Engineering Process does the textbook mention that the attitude "design it now, fix it later" often prevails? a) Definition of Problem (Current Deficiency) b) System Requirements (Needs Analysis) c) System Feasibility Analysis d) Functional Analysis e) System Synthesis, Analysis, and Design Optimization

c) System Feasibility Analysis

In what step of the System Engineering Process is the objective to identify and select an overall technical approach to the future system design (not to select specific components)? a) Definition of Problem (Current Deficiency) b) System Requirements (Needs Analysis) c) System Feasibility Analysis d) Functional Analysis e) System Synthesis, Analysis, and Design Optimization

b) System Operational Requirements

In what step of the System Engineering Process would we likely decide the major system interface and interoperability requirements? a) System Requirements (Needs Analysis) b) System Operational Requirements c) Maintenance and Support Concept d) Identification/prioritization of TPMs e) Functional Analysis

d) Identification/prioritization of TPMs

In what step of the System Engineering Process would we most likely use the quality function deployment method to its fullest extent, according to the textbook? a) System Requirements (Needs Analysis) b) System Operational Requirements c) Maintenance and Support Concept d) Identification/prioritization of TPMs e) Functional Analysis

a) Functional Analysis

In what step of the System Engineering Process would we use go and no-go paths in our methods? a) Functional Analysis b) Requirements Allocation c) System synthesis, analysis, and design optimization d) Design Integration e) System test and evaluation

In the example provided in Fig. 5.2, which of these TPMs appears to have the most interest to the most disciplines? Interchangeability Speed MTBF Life Cycle Cost Availability

Interchangeability

[B] 1) Applying computer technology to improve design analysis and productivity [D] 2) Applying computer technology to improve production and putting designs into production [C] 3) Applying computer technology to the entire spectrum of downstream logistics and support.

Match the term on the right to the definition on the left. 1) Applying computer technology to improve design analysis and productivity 2) Applying computer technology to improve production and putting designs into production 3) Applying computer technology to the entire spectrum of downstream logistics and support. A. CAE B. CAD C. CAS D. CAM

1. Definition of Problem 2. System Requirements 3. Feasibility Analysis 4. Operational Requirements 5. Maintenance and Support Concept 6. ID/prioritization of TPMs 7. Functional Analysis

Name the 1st 7 activities in Blanchard's Systems Engineering Process.

1. Requirements Allocation 2. Synthesis, Analysis, Design Optimization 3. Design Integration 4. System Test and Evaluation 5. Construction and/or Production 6. Operational Use and Life-cycle Support 7. Retirement and Material Disposal

Name the last 7 activities in Blanchard's Systems Engineering Process.

Match the type of formal design review on the left with the key objectives/activities of the review named on the right. A. Assessment of the final design configuration and the detailed production/construction plan B. Deals primarily with the overall system design configuration and allocation of requirements from the functional analysis. C. Assessment of the proposed design confguration and analyses oriented to that particular item. D. Deals primarily with the top system-level requirements and top-level functional analysis System Design Reviews - A. B. C. D. Software Design Reviews - A. B. C. D. Equipment Design Reviews - A. B. C. D. Conceptual Design Reviews - A. B. C. D. Critical Design Review

System Design Reviews B. Deals primarily with the overall system design configuration and allocation of requirements from the functional analysis. Software Design Reviews C. Assessment of the proposed design confguration and analyses oriented to that particular item. Equipment Design Reviews C. Assessment of the proposed design confguration and analyses oriented to that particular item. Conceptual Design Reviews D. Deals primarily with the top system-level requirements and top-level functional analysis. Critical Design Review A. Assessment of the final design configuration and the detailed production/construction plan

Design reviews are a key activity in engineering management. Match the type of formal design review on the left with the phase of the design process in which it is generally performed on the right. A. Conceptual design B. Detail design and development C. Preliminary design - A. B. C. System Design Reviews - A. B. C. Software Design Reviews - A. B. C. Equipment Design Reviews - A. B. C. Conceptual Design Reviews - A. B. C. Critical Design Reviews

System Design Reviews C. Preliminary design Software Design Reviews B. Detail design and development Equipment Design Reviews B. Detail design and development Conceptual Design Reviews A. Conceptual design Critical Design Reviews B. Detail design and development

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what is the first step?

System Requirements

In this class, SOS stands for

System of Systems

In the example provided in Fig. 5.2, which discipline has no TPM that is of low interest? Logistics Engineering Systems Engineering Maintainability Engineering Reliability Engineering

Systems Engineering

The preparation of specifications is a key engineering activity. Match the specification on the left with the phase of the design process in which it is generally prepared on the right. Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E A. Preliminary design B. Conceptual design C. Detail design and development

Type A: [B] Conceptual design Type B: [A] Preliminary design Type C: [A] Preliminary design Type D: [C] Detail design and development Type E: [C] Detail design and development

1. Sustaining Maintenance and Support 2. Upgrades and Modifications

What are the two key support activities when a system is deployed and in operational use?

a) Functional Analysis

What step of the System Engineering Process is used as a basis for development of the reliability models and fault-tree analysis (FTA)? a) Functional Analysis b) Requirements Allocation c) System synthesis, analysis, and design optimization d) Design Integration e) System test and evaluation

As one determines the various requirements for a given system, it is necessary to define and allocate the appropriate [A] - [B] [C] for the different elements of the systems, such as the subsystems and components. (Hint: a 2-word phrase with the first word hyphenated, italicized in the textbook.)

[A] design [B] to [C] criteria

The author talks about the design process being "closed-loop". First, there are [A] activities, then [B] activities, and [C] activities as necessary.

[A] development [B] evaluation and assessment [C] redesign

simulation

[A] is the process of designing and utilizing an operational model of a system to conduct experiments for the purpose of understanding the behavior or the system.

For any system, there are many engineering roles to fulfill in developing it. For the example of a commercial aircraft system in chapter 3, match the activity on the left with the appropriate engineering discipline on the right. 1. Determine aircraft performance requirements 2. Design aircraft power distribution system 3. Develop hydraulics subsystem 4. Select materials for structure 5. Develop radar subsystem 6. Concerned with availability and MLH/OH 7. Concerned with MTBF and items that would cause operational failures 8. Concerned with cockpit and cabin layout 9. Ensures proper integration of various subsystems 10. Evaluates system to ensure conformance to requirements A. Human-factors B. Test C. System D. Mechanical E. Maintainability F. Electrical G. Aeronautical H. Metallurgists I. Reliability

[G] 1. Determine aircraft performance requirements [F] 2. Design aircraft power distribution system [D] 3. Develop hydraulics subsystem [H] 4. Select materials for structure [F] 5. Develop radar subsystem [E] 6. Concerned with availability and MLH/OH [I] 7. Concerned with MTBF and items that would cause operational failures [A] 8. Concerned with cockpit and cabin layout [C] 9. Ensures proper integration of various subsystems [B] 10. Evaluates system to ensure conformance to requirements

Fill in the blank with the applicable supporting design discipline: (1 pt each = 10 total) Note: no answers are repeated, i.e. each one is a different discipline. Example: Concerned with optimizing production capabilities Manufacturing The "bathtub curve" is an important model: [a] Concerned with effects on humans from hazardous engergies, like electricity and radiation: [b] Concerned with decreasing downtime/increasing uptime: [c] Works to reduce pollution and waste from the system: [d] Works with TQM concept, even extending to suppliers: [e] Reviews biodegradable materials for a system: [f] Works with the flow of goods and materials for a system: [g] Assures long-term maintenance and repair can be done: [h] Reviews sensory and physiological issues for a system: [i] Works issues of malice, error, & mischance for a system: [j]

[a] Reliability [b] Safety [c] Maintainability [d] Environmental [e] Quality [f] Disposability [g] Logistics [h] Supportability [i] Human-factors [j] Security

The textbook discusses a very useful tool for informal design reviews. Multiple criteria can be summarized in the form of a [a], which is used as the evaluation of given items are being conducted. The textbook provides two examples of this tool.

[a] checklist

The management approach to identify, document, and audit the functional and physical characteristics of an item, and controlling changes to the item and its documentation, is called [a]. The purpose of this CM activity is to leave a complete audit trail of design decisions and system modifications; typically, establish a baseline, then manage approval and documentation of all changes to the system.

[a] configuration management

One type of design review is done on a fairly frequent basis and is fairly unstructured. This is called [a] design review and evaluation. The other type of design review is highly structured and highly coordinated. These are [b] design reviews.

[a] informal day-to-day [b] formal

The results of design must be compatible with the initially defined requirements for the system. However, physical separation of the design disciplines and the lack of appreciation for the interfaces can often result in [a] of one type or another, such as conflicts, ommissions, etc. These [b] must be corrected as soon as possible. (Same word in both blanks

[a] problems [b] problems

When a design group has to make tough or critical design decisions, especially when there is difficulty satisfying the requirements or gaining approval, they will conduct analyses and publish [a] study reports that support their critical design decisions.

[a] trade-off

[a] [b] [c] (acronym: [d]) is a totally integrated management approach that addresses system/product quality during all phases of the life cycle and at each level in the overall system hierarchy.

a) Total b) Quality c) Management d) TQM

COTS refers to [a] [b] products (2nd word is hyphenated).

a) commercial b) off-the-shelf

There are 4 sets of system categories used in the textbook. Our textbook "tends to deal mainly with [a] systems that are [b] by nature, [c] in operation, and of the [d] variety."

a) man-made b) physical c) dynamic d) open-loop

MDT, LDT, and ADT are measures that would be a primary concern in design for a) Logistics/Supportability b) Value/Cost c) Security d) Maintainability e) Reliability

d) Maintainability

Which engineering design discipline would be concerned with designing and optimizing the manufacturing capability to be both effective and efficient in producing the product? a) Sustainability b) Manufacturability c) Quality d) Production e) Value/Cost

d) Production

Referring to the 7 steps in Blanchard's V-shaped system development model, what two parts comprise the fifth step? [a] and [b], [c] [d]

startup and early production, system evaluation

The primary objective of design review is: to ensure that system requirements are being met. to keep the system development on schedule. to keep the cost of system development within the budget. to evaluate the system configuration at different stages.

to ensure that system requirements are being met.

"The systematic activity necessary, beginning with the identification of the user need, to the selling and delivery of a product that will satisfy that need -- an activity that encompasses product, process, people, and organization." is called

total system design