Module 4

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External vs Internal Focus

indicate whether or not the organization's culture is externally or internally oriented.

What are the big five personality traits?

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Person-job fit

the degree to which a person's skill, knowledge, abilities, and other characteristics match the job demands

Person-organization fit

the degree to which a person's values, personality, goals, and other characteristics match those of the organization

organizational culture

the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization

Mechanistic organizational structures

utilize traditional top-down hierarchy and rigid departmentalization and are best suited to stable environments that contain low uncertainty, such as government agencies

Conscientiousness

-People who are conscientious are organized, punctual, and dependable. -Hierarchy

Openness

-People who have a high level of openness are curious, original, creative, and open to new ideas. -Adhocracy

Neuroticism

-People with neuroticism are anxious, irritable, and moody -No CVF Quadrant relation

Extraversion

-This refers to people who are outgoing, talkative, and sociable -Market

Agreeableness

-Those with a high level of agreeableness are tolerant, sensitive, trusting, and kind -Clan culture

The Ritz-Carlton is customer obsessed with a main focus of creating incredibly personalized experiences. During interviews, interviewers use a variety of techniques to determine if a candidate is similarly obsessed. This exemplifies: A) Attraction; B) Selection; C) Attrition; D) Acculturation

A) Attraction

What attracts an employee to join and leave organizations?

ASA (Attraction-selection-attrition)

A job candidate is preparing for an interview with an organization. The candidate wants to work for the organization because its values align with the candidate's personality and goals. Which process is this candidate using?

Attraction

What are the three interrelated dynamic processes that cause employees to join and leave organizations?

Attraction, selection, and attrition

Tina's Cleaning Team has a culture based on collaboration. Employees see themselves more as family members who value teamwork and consensus. Tian's Cleaning Team exhibits what CVF culture? A) Clan; B) Hierarchy; C) Market; D) Adhocracy

B) Hierarchy

Enjoys taking risks and is willing to try new things

Comfortable with uncertainty

Dynamo, Inc. has a culture based on energy and creativity. The organization is held together by experimentation, ingenuity and freedom. Dynamo exhibits what CVF culture? A) Clan; B) Hierarchy; C) Market; D) Adhocracy

D) Adhocracy

What are the four concepts that comprise the CVF (Competing Values Framework) model?

Elements of: -Clan -Adhocracy -Hierarchy -Market

What is the purpose of the CVF (Competing Values Framework) model?

For measuring an organization's cultural effectiveness

Challenges authority and likes to be able to make decisions

High capacity to influence others

Attraction

Individuals are attracted to organizations that are like themselves in terms of personality and values

Market

It tends to be externally focused on competition and profits and less flexible (e.g., security companies).

Hierarchy

It tends to be internally focused on internal processes and procedures and less flexible (e.g., government agencies).

Clan

It tends to be more family oriented and flexible and less structured and has a more extensive hierarchy (e.g., small start-up business).

Adhocracy

It tends to be more flexible and responsive to external forces and is characterized as a dynamic, entrepreneurial, and creative workplace (e.g., technology businesses).

Cultural alignment

Linking of organizational goals with the employees' personal goals

A manager reads an industry report and learns that the company is still leading the competition in customer satisfaction ratings. The manager values this measure of success and commits to do whatever it takes to maintain that ranking the following year. Which competing value does this represent?

Market

A business is managed by executives who value stability. The executives make all the decisions and managers follow specific company guidelines to implement them to maximize operational efficiency. Which type of organizational structure does this represent?

Mechanistic

What are the two axes of the CVF (Competing Values Framework) models?

Mechanistic and Organic

A customer asks a service associate for a refund on a product that is broken. The associate asks how the product was broken, and the customer explains that it was broken when the box was opened. The associate thinks that is very unlikely but reflects on how the company values customer satisfaction above all else. The associate processes the refund for the customer. Which factor is influencing this associate's decision?

Organizational cultures

Selection

Organizations are more likely to select those who possess skills and values similar to the ones their existing members possess

Attrition

Over time, those who do not fit in well are more likely to leave

Interested in stability and traditions

Past-present oriented

Which consideration describes the degree to which a candidate's skill, knowledge, and abilities match the demands of a position?

Person-job fit

What causes an employer to select a candidate?

Person-organization fit Personal-job-fit

Open-minded and willing to experience new things

Present-future oriented

Personality

Relatively stable feelings, thought, and behavioral patterns a person has

According to the book, what is one of the most important causes of attrition?

Research indicates that person-organization misfit is one of the important reasons for employee turnover.

Organic organizational structure

are characterized by fluidity and a wider span of control. They work best in unstable, complex, changing environments such as high-tech industries

Flexibility vs Stability/Control

determine whether a culture functions better in a stable, controlled environment or a flexible, fast-paced environment.


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