Module 54

Interpersonal therapy is a variation of psychodynamic therapy and typically involves _____ sessions.

12-16

According to the text, one analysis of online support groups and more than _____ self-help groups reports that most support groups focus on stigmatized or hard-to-discuss illnesses.

14,000

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the _____ helped to empty large mental hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

1950s

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the decade of the _____ helped to empty large mental hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

1950s

Humanistic therapists focus on _____ thoughts.

Conscious

_____ in psychoanalysis is the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Interpretation

_____ is the therapeutic technique intended to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.

Interpretation

Two mental health reform pioneers are the American, Dorothea Dix, and the French doctor, _____.

Philippe Pinel

_____ can be described as the use of psychological techniques to increase understanding and treat emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems.

Psychotherapy

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Sigmund Freud

The three main features that humanistic therapists hope to exhibit are genuineness, _____, and empathy.

acceptance

This is a form of empathetic listening.

active

These disorders share the common problem of emotion regulation.

anxiety and mood disorders

The following are examples of how humanistic therapists differ from psychoanalytic therapists EXCEPT humanistic therapists:

attempt to reduce growth-impeding inner conflicts by providing clients with insight.

This form of treatment associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).

aversive conditioning

Reinforcing desired behaviors, and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is known as:

behavior modification.

The treatment of depression with ECT and antidepressant drugs best illustrates

biomedical therapy.

O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of:

classical conditioning.

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of _____ therapy.

cognitive

Sherry recognizes that depressed people do not exhibit the same self-serving bias common in non-depressed people. She is MOST likely a:

cognitive therapist.

Aaron Beck's therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, and is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. This therapy is called:

cognitive therapy

Aaron Beck's therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting. It is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions, and is called:

cognitive therapy.

Patrick suffers from depression. Whenever something bad happens, he tends to blame himself or overgeneralizes the extent of the situation. To address Patrick's depression, his therapist is attempting to teach him more adaptive ways of thinking. The therapist's approach is MOST representative of:

cognitive therapy.

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for having been unable to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of:

cognitive therapy.

Mark suffers from a great deal of irrational thoughts that affect his social life. He would benefit MOST from ______therapy.

cognitive-behavioral

This is a widely practiced integrative therapy which aims not only to alter the way people think, but also to alter the way they act.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

This therapy seeks to make people aware of their irrational negative thinking and to replace it with new ways of thinking.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Humanistic therapists focus on _____ thoughts.

consciuos

This is a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors.

counterconditioning

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) _____ approach.

eclectic

Dr. Hernandez is a clinical psychologist who uses a variety of psychotherapies with his patients depending on their disorder. Dr. Hernandez's approach would be best described as:

eclectic.

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:

enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.

Systematic desensitization is a form of:

exposure therapy.

To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of a ______ therapist.

family

This therapy assumes that no person is an island, and that people live and grow in relation to others, especially their families.

family therapy

Psychological and biological therapies differ in their _____.

focus in treatment

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

free association.

The three main features that humanistic therapists hope to exhibit are:

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Mary's therapist refers to her as a client. Mary's therapist has a _____ perspective.

humanistic

These therapists have attempted to reduce the inner conflicts that are impeding natural developmental growth by providing clients with new insights.

humanistic

This perspective has emphasized people's inherent potential for self-fulfillment.

humanistic

The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as _____ therapies.

insight

If one wants to listen more actively in one's own relationships, these three traits may help.

paraphrase, invite clarification, and reflect feelings

Psychodynamic therapy is based on the premise that:

people unconsciously avoid issues that are painful.

Except for traditional _____, most therapies may also occur in small groups.

psychoanalysis

Classical psychoanalysts are especially interested in interpreting the meaning of clients' _____ to therapeutic procedures.

resistance

When a patient in psychoanalysis blocks anxiety-laden material from their consciousness he or she is experiencing _____.

resistance

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

resistance.

Client-centered therapists are most likely to:

restate and clarify what clients say during the course of therapy.

Aaron is undergoing Army basic training. He is being taught to reduce incapacitating anxiety by saying things to himself that enhance a sense of control during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates _____.

stress inoculation training

Family therapists view the family as a

system.

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that she was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates _____.

transference

When patients in psychoanalysis begins to have feelings toward their therapist such as love or hatred, and those feelings are linked to other relationships they have had or have, they are experiencing:

transference.

This is a caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.

unconditional positive regard

This therapy progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

virtual reality exposure therapy

In general, for up to _____ minutes a week, the group therapist guides the interactions of a group of people as they engage issues and react to one another.

90

The oldest of support groups, _____, reported having more than 2 million members in 114,000 groups worldwide in 2012.

AA

He was originally trained in psychoanalytic techniques but invented his own therapy to try to reverse clients' catastrophizing beliefs about themselves.

Aaron Beck

Who developed the therapy that teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, which is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions?

Aaron Beck

Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would most benefit from _____ therapy.

Aaron Beck's cognitive

While _____ focused on revealing the absurdity of people's self-defeating ideas through a more confrontational approach, _____ sought to reverse catastrophizing beliefs people have about themselves through the use of gentle questioning.

Albert Ellis; Aaron Beck

Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of:

Beck's cognitive therapy.

_____ applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Behavior therapy

_____ is the process of prescribing medication or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology.

Biomedical therapy

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

He has offered stress-inoculation training that entails teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations.

Donald Meichenbaum

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy over individual therapy?

The client can establish a deeply personal, intimate relationship with the therapist.

Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics Anonymous.

a 12-step program

Sam suffers from schizophrenia, known to be a brain-based disorder. Because of this, he should choose _____ therapy.

a combination of biomedical and psychological

Nadine has decided to seek help for some problems she is having. She knows a little about different therapies and has decided she does not want to get involved in anything long-term. However, she does want to gain insight into the roots of her difficulties and is drawn to psychodynamic therapy. If Nadine wants to gain insight into current issues, rather than delve into the past, she should try to find a therapist who specializes in _____ psychotherapy.

interpersonal

Psychoanalysts are especially interested in:

interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures.

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a variation on psychodynamic therapy. It is different because:

its goal is symptom relief in the here and now, and it focuses primarily on current relationships.

In a residential treatment facility for troubled youth, adolescent children receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates an application of:

operant conditioning.