MS Test 3

A nurse is teaching the diabetic patient about insulin therapy. Which statement by the patient indicates the teaching was effective? "I will take my long-acting insulin before a meal." "I will monitor my blood sugar weekly." "If I am not going to eat right away, it is okay to take my short-acting insulin anyway." "I need to rotate the site I use to obtain blood for glucose monitoring."

"I need to rotate the site I use to obtain blood for glucose monitoring."

The nurse teaches a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient requires an intervention by the nurse? "I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance." "The best injection site for insulin administration is in my abdomen." "I can wash the site with soap and water before insulin administration." "I may keep my insulin at room temperature (75oF) for up to 1 month."

"I will discard any insulin bottle that is cloudy in appearance."

The nurse receives a phone call from a patient taking cyclophosphamide for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient tells the nurse that she has muscle cramps, weakness, and very little urine output. Which response by the nurse is best? "Start taking supplemental potassium, calcium, and magnesium." "Stop taking the medication now and call your health care provider." "These symptoms will decrease with continued use of the medication." "Increase your fluid intake to 3000 mL for 24 hours to improve your urine output."

"Stop taking the medication now and call your health care provider."

The nurse is teaching a patient with acromegaly from an unresectable benign pituitary tumor about octreotide therapy. The nurse should provide further teaching if the patient makes which statement? "The provider will infuse this medication through an IV." "I will inject the medication in the subcutaneous layer of the skin." "The medication should decrease the growth hormone production to normal." "I will have my growth hormone level measured every 2 weeks for several weeks."

"The provider will infuse this medication through an IV."

The postoperative craniotomy patient has a serum osmolality of 320 mOsm/L and urine output of 400 mL/h for the past 3 hours with a urine specific gravity of 1.003. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate the practitioner ordering for this patient? 0.9 NaCl at 150 mL/h intravenously 1.5 mcg desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) subcutaneously every 12 hours Insulin drip at 7 units/h Oral vasopressin 5 units every 12 hours

1.5 mcg desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) subcutaneously every 12 hours The patient has diabetes insipidus (DI), and desmopressin acetate (DDVAP) is the appropriate treatment. Hypotonic saline (not isotonic) is normally used for DI. Insulin is not indicated for DI, and vasopressin is not an oral medication

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels change with age. Which laboratory value would be a normal TSH level in a 50-year-old patient? 1.60 mIU/L 1.79 mIU/L 1.98 mIU/L 2.08 mIU/L

1.60

A patient with a severe pounding headache has been diagnosed with hypertension. However, the hypertension is not responding to traditional treatment. What should the nurse expect as the next step in determining a diagnosis for this patient? Administration of β-blocker medications Abdominal palpation to search for a tumor Administration of potassium-sparing diuretics A 24-hour urine collection for fractionated metanephrines

A 24-hour urine collection for fractionated metanephrines

Which laboratory finding would suggest a differential diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)? Serum glucose of 500 mg/dL Serum potassium of 3.4 mEq/L Absence of serum ketones Serum osmolality of 350 mOsm/L

Absence of serum ketones

The nurse prepares to administer temozolomide (Temodar) to a 59-yr-old white male patient with a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumor. What should the nurse assess before giving the medication? Serum potassium and serum sodium levels Urine osmolality and urine specific gravity Absolute neutrophil count and platelet count Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cell count

Absolute neutrophil count and platelet count

A patient's serum cortisol level is 7 mcg/dL. After administration of 250 mcg of cosyntropin, the cortisol level is 9 mcg/dL. The nurse suspects the patient is experiencing which disorder? Aldosteronism Hyperthyroidism Adrenal insufficiency Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal insufficiency Adrenal insufficiency is tested for by measuring cortisol levels. Aldosteronism and pheochromocytoma are diagnosed in the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, and hyperthyroidism is tested for by serum testing.Cognitive Level: AnalyzingNursing Process: AssessmentClient Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

Which patient with a fasting blood sugar of 110 mg/dL has the highest risk for development of metabolic syndrome? African American woman with a 40-inch waist, blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg, triglycerides of 180, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 25 Asian American man with a 30-inch waist, blood pressure of 130/60 mm Hg, triglycerides of 140, HDL of 45 Native American man with a 28-inch waist, blood pressure of 120/50 mm Hg, triglycerides of 130, HDL of 50 Hispanic American woman with a 34-inch waist, blood pressure of 130/50 mm Hg, triglycerides of 145, HDL of 40

African American woman with a 40-inch waist, blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg, triglycerides of 180, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 25

A female patient has left-sided hemiplegia after an ischemic stroke 4 days earlier. How should the nurse promote skin integrity? Position the patient on her weak side the majority of the time. Alternate the patient's positioning between supine and side-lying. Avoid the use of pillows in order to promote independence in positioning. Establish a schedule for the massage of areas where skin breakdown emerges.

Alternate the patient's positioning between supine and side-lying.

You have completed a patient's fingerstick glucose, which is 498 mg/dL. You confirm the value with the laboratory. Which finding might you expect at this time? Pale, cool, and clammy skin Hyperreflexes Bradycardia Anorexia

Anorexia

A 19-yr-old woman is hospitalized for a frontal skull fracture from a blunt force head injury. Thin bloody fluid is draining from the patient's nose. What action by the nurse is most appropriate? Test the drainage for the presence of glucose. Apply a loose gauze pad under the patient's nose. Place the patient in a modified Trendelenburg position. Ask the patient to gently blow the nose to clear the drainage.

Apply loose gauze pad under the nose

The nurse is trying to decrease the temperature of the patient in thyroid storm. Which treatment should the nurse question? Tepid water sponge bath Cold packs to the groin and axilla Aspirin suppository Circulating fan at the bedside

Aspirin suppository Pyrexia is treated with hypothermia measures such as a cooling blanket, tepid sponge baths, cold packs, fans, and acetaminophen. Salicylates (aspirin) are contraindicated because they prevent protein binding of T

The physician orders intracranial pressure (ICP) readings every hour for a 23-yr-old male patient with a traumatic brain injury from a motor vehicle crash. The patient's ICP reading is 21 mm Hg. It is most important for the nurse to take which action? Document the ICP reading in the chart. Determine if the patient has a headache. Assess the patient's level of consciousness. Position the patient with head elevated 60 degrees.

Assess LOC

Which assessment finding would the nurse expect in a patient who has been taking oral prednisone several weeks and is experiencing sudden withdrawal (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. BP 80/50 Heart rate 54 Glucose 63 mg/dL Sodium 148 mEq/L Potassium 6.3 mEq/L Temperature 101.1° F

BP 80/50 Glucose 63 Potassium 6.3 Temp 101.1

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with a subdural hematoma after a motor vehicle accident. What change in vital signs would the nurse interpret as a manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? Tachypnea Bradycardia Hypotension Narrowing pulse pressure

Bradycardia

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a urinary tract infection (UTI), is difficult to arouse, and has a blood glucose of 642 mg/dL. When the nurse assesses the urine, there are no ketones present. What nursing action is appropriate at this time? Routine insulin therapy and exercise Administer a different antibiotic for the UTI. Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes Administer IV fluids rapidly to correct dehydration.

Cardiac monitoring to detect potassium changes

A 68-yr-old man with suspected bacterial meningitis just had a lumbar puncture in which cerebrospinal fluid was obtained for culture. Which medication should the nurse administer first? Codeine Phenytoin (Dilantin) Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Ceftriaxone

A patient is complaining of blurred vision, fatigue, and nausea. The nurse notes that the patient's face is flushed, and he has a heart rate of 125 beats/min and blood pressure of 90/40 mm Hg. Which action should the nurse take next? Offer the patient some orange juice Check a capillary blood glucose level Administer glucagon IM Start the pt on O2

Check a capillary blood glucose level The patient is exhibiting signs of hyperglycemia, so the first action is to check the blood sugar to determine treatment. Orange juice would increase the blood sugar. Glucagon would increase the blood sugar, and oxygen would not address the hypoglycemia.Cognitive Level: EvaluationNursing Process: AssessmentClient Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation

The nurse is caring for a patient recently started on levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What information reported by the patient requires immediate action? Weight gain or weight loss Chest pain and palpitations Muscle weakness and fatigue Decreased appetite and constipation

Chest pain and palpitations

The stress of critical illness triggers the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). Which statement accurately reflects the results of this action? Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is reduced to promote reabsorption of water and maintain circulating volume. Catecholamine release results in vasodilation and control of stress-induced hypertension. Corticotropin (ACTH) is released from the anterior pituitary, stimulating the release of cortisol and resultant increase in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. HPA activity continues to increase as illness-related stress progresses.

Corticotropin (ACTH) is released from the anterior pituitary, stimulating the release of cortisol and resultant increase in fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

What should be included in the interprofessional plan of care for a patient with Cushing disease? Lab monitoring for hyperkalemia Vital sign monitoring for hypotension Counseling related to body image changes Diet consultation to determine low protein choices

Counseling related to body image changes

A patient has a history of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is being treated with prednisone. The patient complains of recent weight gain and chronic fatigue. Upon assessment, you notice several bruises and skin tears on the patient's arms. You suspect the patient has developed which condition? Cushing syndrome Addison disease Pheochromocytoma Primary aldosteronism

Cushing syndrome

Which conditions can lead to the development of a brain abscess h (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Endocarditis Ear infection Tooth abscess Skull fracture Scalp laceration Sinus infection

Endocarditis Ear infection Tooth abscess Skull fracture Sinus infection

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which instruction regarding desmopressin acetate would be most appropriate? Expect to experience some nasal irritation while using this drug. Monitor for symptoms of hypernatremia as a side effect of this drug. Drink at least 3000 mL of water per day while taking this medication. Report any decrease in urinary elimination to the health care provider.

Expect to experience some nasal irritation while using this drug.

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the hospital with a head injury who requires frequent neurologic assessment. Which components are assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Judgment Eye opening Abstract reasoning Best verbal response Best motor response Cranial nerve function

Eye opening Verbal response Motor response

The nurse is caring for a patient after a parathyroidectomy. The nurse would prepare to administer IV calcium gluconate if the patient exhibits which clinical manifestations? Facial muscle spasms and laryngospasms Tingling in the hands and around the mouth Decreased muscle tone and muscle weakness Shortened QT interval on the electrocardiogram

Facial muscle spasms and laryngospasms Nursing care for a patient after a parathyroidectomy includes monitoring for a sudden decrease in serum calcium levels causing tetany, a condition of neuromuscular hyperexcitability. If tetany is severe (e.g., muscular spasms or laryngospasms develop), IV calcium gluconate should be administered. Mild tetany, characterized by unpleasant tingling of the hands and around the mouth, may be present but should decrease over time without treatment. Decreased muscle tone, muscle weakness, and shortened QT interval are clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism.

Which laboratory value is most suggestive of the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM)? Fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL Postprandial plasma glucose level of 169 mg/dL Positive ketones in the blood and urine Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7%

Glycosylated hemoglobin level of 7%

Which modifiable risk factor for stroke would be most important for the nurse to include when planning a community education program? Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Alcohol consumption Oral contraceptive use

Hypertension

A patient presents with an adrenal tumor and addisonian crisis. Which symptom would the nurse expect to see in this patient? Hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia Hypotension, anxiety, hyperglycemia Hypertension, hypokalemia, hyponatremia Hypertension, diaphoresis, hyperglycemia

Hypotension, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia

A patient has an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and low T4 values. The nurse suspects the patient is experiencing which disorder? Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Thyrotoxicosis Thyroid Storm

Hypothyroidism The laboratory results are consistent with hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism would be indicated by low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with high T

A patient has a systemic blood pressure of 120/60 mm Hg and an ICP of 24 mm Hg. After calculating the patient's cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), how does the nurse interpret the results? High blood flow to the brain Normal intracranial pressure Impaired blood flow to the brain Adequate autoregulation of blood flow

Impaired blood flow to the brain

The nurse would expect to find what clinical manifestation in a patient admitted with a left-sided stroke? Impulsivity Impaired speech Left-side neglect Short attention span

Impaired speech

The patient in the emergency department after a car accident is wearing medical identification listing Addison's disease. What should the nurse expect to be included in the care of this patient? Low-sodium diet Increased glucocorticoid replacement Limiting IV fluid replacement therapy Withholding mineralocorticoid replacement

Increased glucocorticoid replacement The patient with Addison's disease needs lifelong glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement and has an increased need with illness, injury, or stress, as this patient is experiencing. The patient with Addison's may need large volumes of IV fluid replacement and a high-sodium diet. Withholding mineralocorticoid replacement cannot be done for patients with Addison's disease.

A patient has small cell carcinoma of the lung and has undergone a lung resection. Which laboratory finding would suggest the presence of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Increased serum ADH, increased serum osmolality, decreased urine osmolality Increased serum ADH, decreased serum osmolality, increased urine osmolality Decreased serum ADH, increased serum osmolality, decreased urine osmolality Increased serum ADH, decreased serum osmolality, decreased urine osmolality

Increased serum ADH, decreased serum osmolality, increased urine osmolality

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a patient with a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes. Which result reflects the expected pattern accompanying macrovascular disease as a complication of diabetes? Increased triglyceride levels Increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) Decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) Decreased very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Increased triglyceride levels

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving high-dose oral corticosteroid therapy after a kidney transplant. Which potential side effect presents the greatest risk? Infection Low blood pressure Increased urine output Decreased blood glucose

Infection

A patient, admitted with diabetes mellitus, has a glucose level of 380 mg/dL and a moderate level of ketones in the urine. As the nurse assesses for signs of ketoacidosis, which respiratory pattern would the nurse expect to find? Central apnea Hypoventilation Kussmaul respirations Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Kussmaul respirations

When assessing the patient with myxedema, you would expect which finding on assessment? Diarrhea and abdominal cramps Lethargy and weight gain Nervousness and anxiety Heat intolerance

Lethargy and weight gain

An older female patient admitted with weight gain, depression, and cold intolerance has respiratory acidosis and hypoventilation. She is unarousable. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate the practitioner ordering for this patient? Propranolol 1 mg IV every 4 hours Sodium iodine 1 g IV every 12 hours Reserpine 1 mg every 24 hours Levothyroxine 100 mcg IV followed by 75 mg/day

Levothyroxine 100 mcg IV followed by 75 mg/day The patient is experiencing myxedema coma, and the treatment is levothyroxine 100 mcg IV followed by 75 mg/day. Sodium iodine, reserpine, and propranolol are treatments for thyroid storm or thyrotoxicosis.

The patient with systemic lupus erythematosus is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What should be included in the plan of care (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Obtain weekly weights. Limit fluids to 1000 mL/day. Monitor for signs of hypernatremia. Administration of diuretics as ordered. Minimize turning and range of motion. Keep the head of the bed at 10 degrees or less elevation.

Limit fluids to 1000 mL/day Administer diuretics as ordered Keep the head of bed at 10 degrees or less elevation The care for the patient with SIADH will include limiting fluids to 1000 mL/day or less to decrease weight, increase osmolality, and improve symptoms and keeping the head of the bed elevated at 10 degrees or less to enhance venous return to the heart and increase left atrial filling pressure, thereby reducing the release of ADH. Measure weights daily and maintain accurate intake and output. Monitor for signs of hyponatremia. Frequent turning, positioning, and range-of-motion exercises are important to maintain skin integrity and joint mobility.

A CT scan of a 68-yr-old male patient's head reveals that he has experienced a hemorrhagic stroke. What is the priority nursing intervention in the emergency department? Maintenance of the patient's airway Positioning to promote cerebral perfusion Control of fluid and electrolyte imbalances Administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Maintenance of the patient's airway

A patient sustained a diffuse axonal injury from a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Why are IV fluids being decreased and enteral feedings started? Free water should be avoided. Sodium restrictions can be managed. Dehydration can be better avoided with feedings. Malnutrition promotes continued cerebral edema.

Malnutrition promotes continued cerebral edema

The nurse is teaching a patient who has diabetes about vascular complications of diabetes. What information is appropriate for the nurse to include? Macroangiopathy does not occur in type 1 diabetes but rather in type 2 diabetics who have severe disease. Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commonly affects the capillary membranes of the eyes, kidneys, and skin. Renal damage resulting from changes in large- and medium-sized blood vessels can be prevented by careful glucose control. Macroangiopathy causes slowed gastric emptying and the sexual impotency experienced by a majority of patients with diabetes.

Microangiopathy is specific to diabetes and most commonly affects the capillary membranes of the eyes, kidneys, and skin.

What nursing intervention should be implemented for a patient experiencing increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? Monitor fluid and electrolyte status carefully. Position the patient in a high Fowler's position. Administer vasoconstrictors to maintain cerebral perfusion. Maintain physical restraints to prevent episodes of agitation.

Monitor fluid and electrolytes carefully

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with suspected hyperparathyroidism. Which signs and symptoms would represent the expected electrolyte imbalance (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Nausea and vomiting Neurologic irritability Lethargy and weakness Increasing urine output Hyperactive bowel sounds

Nausea and vomiting Lethargy and weakness Increasing urine output Hyperparathyroidism can cause hypercalcemia. Signs of hypercalcemia include muscle weakness, polyuria, constipation, nausea and vomiting, lethargy, and memory impairment. Neurologic irritability and hyperactive bowel sounds do not occur with hypercalcemia.

What is a nursing priority in the care of a patient with hypothyroidism? Patient teaching related to levothyroxine Providing a dark, low-stimulation environment Closely monitoring the patient's intake and output Initiating precautions related to radioactive iodine therapy

Patient teaching related to levothyroxine

The patient with an adrenal hyperplasia is returning from surgery after an adrenalectomy. The nurse should monitor the patient for what immediate postoperative complication? Vomiting Infection Thromboembolism Rapid blood pressure changes

Rapid blood pressure changes The risk of hemorrhage is increased with surgery on the adrenal glands as well as large amounts of hormones being released in the circulation, which may produce hypertension and cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances to occur for the first 24 to 48 hours after surgery. Vomiting, infection, and thromboembolism may occur postoperatively with any surgery.

The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin. What should the nurse teach the patient to best explain how this medication works? Increases insulin production from the pancreas Slows the absorption of carbohydrate in the small intestine Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity Increases insulin release from the pancreas, inhibits glucagon secretion, and decreases gastric emptying

Reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity

The nurse is planning psychosocial support for the family of the patient who suffered a stroke. What factor will have the greatest impact on family coping? Specific patient neurologic deficits The patient's ability to communicate Rehabilitation potential of the patient Presence of complications of a stroke

Rehabilitation potential of the patient

The nurse assesses a patient for signs of meningeal irritation. Which finding indicates nuchal rigidity is present? Tonic spasms of the legs Curling in a fetal position Arching of the neck and back Resistance to flexion of the neck

Resistance to flexion of the neck

A postoperative craniotomy patient has a serum osmolality of 260 mOsm/kg/H2O and a urine osmolality of 1500 mOsm/kg. The nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing which problem? Diabetes insipidus SIADH Diabetes Mellitus DKA

SIADH The patient has a low serum osmolality with a high urine osmolality which is evidence of syndrome of inappropraite antidiuretic hormone secretion. In diabetes insipidus, the patient has a high serum osmolality with a low urine osmolality. Diabetes mellitus is an insulin problem, and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) involves hyperglycemia.Cognitive Level: AnalyzingNursing Process: AssessmentClient Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction for Risk Potential

Which condition might the nurse expect in the patient receiving long-term steroid therapy? Myxedema Secondary Cushing syndrome Addison disease Aldosteronism

Secondary Cushing Syndrome

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted for evaluation and surgical removal of a brain tumor. Which complications will the nurse monitor for (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Seizures Vision loss Cerebral edema Pituitary dysfunction Parathyroid dysfunction Focal neurologic deficits

Seizures Vision loss Cerebral edema Pituitary dysfunction Focal neurologic deficits

The surgeon was unable to spare a patient's parathyroid gland during a thyroidectomy. Which assessments should the nurse prioritize when providing postoperative care for this patient? White blood cell levels and signs of infection Serum calcium levels and signs of hypocalcemia Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell levels Level of consciousness and signs of acute delirium

Serum calcium levels and signs of hypocalcemia

A 32-yr-old female patient is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus after transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma. What should the nurse consider as a sign of improvement? Serum sodium of 120 mEq/L Urine specific gravity of 1.001 Fasting blood glucose of 80 mg/dL Serum osmolality of 290 mOsm/kg

Serum osmolality of 290

Which sensory-perceptual deficit is associated with left-sided stroke (right hemiplegia)? Overestimation of physical abilities Difficulty judging position and distance Slow and possibly fearful performance of tasks Impulsivity and impatience at performing tasks

Slow and possibly fearful performance of tasks

The female patient has been brought to the emergency department complaining of the most severe headache of her life. Which type of stroke should the nurse anticipate? TIA Embolic stroke Thrombotic stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

The patient's magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a brain tumor. The nurse anticipates which treatment modality? Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Biologic drug therapy

Surgery

A patient who smokes reports having significant stress and is experiencing eye problems. On assessment, the nurse notes exophthalmos. What additional abnormal findings should the nurse assess for? Muscle weakness and slow movements Puffy face, decreased sweating, and dry hair Systolic hypertension and increased heart rate Decreased appetite, increased thirst, and pallor

Systolic hypertension and increased heart rate

Which statement is true regarding critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency? Overstimulation of α cells in the pancreas causes severe hypoglycemia. Suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in significant hypovolemia. Suppression of thyroid-stimulating hormone results in decreased T3 and T4 levels and diminished metabolism of proteins. The adrenal gland becomes exhausted and is unable to secrete adequate amounts of stress hormones.

The adrenal gland becomes exhausted and is unable to secrete adequate amounts of stress hormones.

The presence of hyperglycemia in critical illness is associated with an increased mortality rate. Which statement best describes the mechanism(s) responsible for increased glucose levels? The liver releases glucagon in response to the body's increased energy needs, resulting in gluconeogenesis. The pancreas decreases insulin production, resulting in increased glucose available to the tissues. The tissues are unable to use circulating glucose secondary to increased serum potassium levels. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in diuresis, causing increased glucose levels in the serum.

The liver releases glucagon in response to the body's increased energy needs, resulting in gluconeogenesis.

In planning long-term care for a patient after craniotomy, what must the nurse include in family and caregiver education? Seizure disorders may occur in weeks or months. The family will be unable to cope with role reversals. There are often residual changes in personality and cognition. Referrals will be made to eliminate residual deficits from the damage.

There are often residual changes in personality and cognition

The nurse is discharging a patient admitted with a transient ischemic attack (TIA). For which medications might the nurse expect to provide discharge instructions (select all that apply.)? Select all that apply. Ticlopidine Clopidogrel Enoxaparin Dipyridamole Enteric-coated aspirin Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Ticlopidine Clopidogrel Dipyridamole Enteric-coated aspirin

The patient with a brain tumor is being monitored for increased intracranial pressure (ICP) with a ventriculostomy. What nursing intervention is priority? Administer IV mannitol Ventilator use to hyperoxygenate the patient Use strict aseptic technique with dressing changes. Be aware of changes in ICP related to leaking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Use strict aseptic technique