mttc
A first-grade student is having difficulty understanding a math lesson involving patterns. Which of the following musical activities would be most appropriate to promote the student's understanding of patterns? A. echoing rhythms on a drum B. singing a major scale C.playing a melody on a recorder D. singing with others in harmony
A
A flower grower has been growing several acres of daisies for many years. The grower lets the daisies go to seed late in the year so that new plants naturally replace older ones that die. This year, in the middle of the field, the grower finds a plant with pink flowers instead of the usual white flowers. Aside from the unusual color, the plant is identical to all the other daisies in the field. The grower has never seen a pink-flowered daisy in the field before. The appearance of the pink-flowered daisy was most likely caused by: A. a mutation in one of the sex cells produced by a parent of the daisy. B. hybridization between a daisy plant and a plant belonging to a non-daisy species. C. a dominant gene that has been carried undetected in the population for many years. D. unusual nutrients and soil conditions where the pink-flowered daisy is growing.
A
A person walks a distance of 4 3/5 miles at a speed of 2 3/4 miles per hour. Which of the following expressions represents the number of hours required to walk the distance?
A
A sixth-grade teacher arranges to have students witness the operation of the Michigan state legislature while it is in session. This activity will most help students understand which of the following aspects of government? A. the role of public discourse and debate in the lawmaking process B. the electoral strategies of political parties in state politics C. the influence of the media on the policymaking process D. the operation of the principle of constitutional supremacy
A
On a hot summer day, a sixth grader's friend calls to ask her to go swimming with a group of friends at a nearby river gorge. The girl knows that it is a dangerous and illegal area in which to swim, but she likes swimming with her friends. Which of the following would be the most appropriate process for her to use in deciding how to respond to her friend's suggestion? A. considering the physical risks and benefits of swimming in the gorge, how she personally feels about it, and what the alternatives are B. asking her friend who else will be going, and considering what they will think of her if she does or does not go swimming C. telling her older brother about the situation and asking him what he would do in her place and what he thinks she should do D. going to the gorge with the group and seeing for herself how dangerous it seems before deciding whether to go swimming
A
Read the excerpt below from a writing sample; then answer the two questions that follow. 1The oceans are home to many examples of symbiosis. 2The clownfish, ________short blank, eats lichens that could harm the sea anemone, the sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators with its stinging cells. 3________short blank, barracudas get their bellies cleaned by cleaning fish, who get a meal out of the deal. 4__________________________________________________long blank 5In the rain forests of Costa Rica, algae grow in the fur of the tree sloth. 6In return for providing a warm environment of the algae, the tree sloth receives protection in the form of camouflage. 7Thanks to the algae, the tree sloth's coat blends in with the lichen-covered bark of the trees where it makes its home. Which of the following words or phrases, if inserted in the blanks in Sentences 2 and 3 respectively, would best support a logical development of the central idea? A. for instance / Similarly B. consequently / For example C. in the first place / Additionally D. furthermore / Likewise
A
Which of the following examples best illustrates the operation of the concept of opportunity cost in a market economy? A. A wage earner decides to spend a salary bonus on garden tools rather than on new clothing. B. A store owner lowers prices to attract a rival store's customers. C. A business lays off a quarter of its workforce when demand for company products declines. D. A consumer buys winter clothing in the spring to take advantage of sale prices.
A
Which of the following statements best describes a major consequence of the Columbian Exchange resulting from European colonization of the Americas? A. Europeans added corn, squash, potatoes, and cocoa to their diets. B. European farmers began cultivating wheat, barley, and rye. C. European clothing producers began making goods from cotton and silk. D. Draft animals became a standard feature of European agriculture.
A
(1) The most dainty structure built by the bill and feet of birds is the nest made by the Ruby-throated Hummingbird. (2) When completed, it is scarcely larger than an English walnut and is saddled on a small horizontal limb of a tree, often many feet from the ground. (3) It is composed almost entirely of soft plant fibres with fragments of spiders' webs sometimes being used to hold them in shape. (4) Although the Hummingbird's nest is exceedingly frail, it is unaffected by the summer rains. (5) It is, however, not called upon for a long term of occupation because within a month after the two white eggs are laid, the young depart on their tiny wings. (6) Young birds that require a longer period for growth before leaving the nest are furnished usually with more enduring abiding places. This passage is primarily concerned with: A. A comparison between the hummingbird's nest and the nests of birds requiring longer perio
B
A kindergarten student has good oral language skills and enjoys looking at, listening to, and discussing informational picture books about a range of subjects. However, when the teacher reads aloud narrative texts, the student often seems restless and confused and is unable to answer basic questions about the story. Which of the following factors is most likely interfering with this student's construction of meaning? A. lack of ability to make text-to-text connections B. limited experience with literary material C. lack of understanding of question words D. limited awareness of the alphabetic principle
B
A mathematical equation is given by y −minus 5x + 2x2 = x2 + 6x + 3. Which of the following is an equivalent representation? y = -x^2 −x + 3 y = -2^2+ 11x + 3 y = 3x^2 − x + 3 y = 3x2 + 11x + 3
B
A sixth-grade teacher is planning a unit on autobiography. Several students have expressed disinterest in reading nonfiction. Which of the following student activities would most likely help engage students' interest in reading an autobiography? A. giving a multimedia presentation about the author's life to the class B. portraying the author in appearance and personality while being interviewed by students from other classes C. creating an illustrated timeline of key events in the life of the author D. comparing and contrasting the lives of several authors of autobiographies during small-group discussions
B
A teacher is planning a unit on solving problems involving proportional reasoning. The teacher could best make connections between the algebra of ratios and proportion and spatial reasoning by including which of the following geometry topics in the lesson? A. finding the area of composite figures B. solving problems involving similar figures C. finding the sum of the angles in various polygons D. applying the Pythagorean theorem in real-word situations
B
As part of a social studies unit on the history and cultural development of the Harlem Renaissance, a teacher would like to play musical selections and demonstrate styles of dance associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Which of the following styles of dance should the teacher demonstrate? A. salsa B. modern dance C. ballet D. line dance
B
How did President Hoover respond to the economic crisis of the Great Depression? A. Paid for farmers to harvest their crops to avoid famine B. increased support for banks C. regulated the stock system to prevent further damage D. provided money to the unemployed
B
Mr. Daniels has assigned his class a group project and wants to ensure the students understand the project as they complete it. Which of the following would be the best strategy to monitor student understanding during the project? A. Assign one group member to observe and report on the group members' understanding. B. Walk from group to group while observing the students. C. Observe the students from the front of the class. D. Provide a self-assessment questionnaire for students to complete after the group project is finished.
B
Outside on the playground, a first-grade teacher engages students in a variety of short relay races. For the first relay, the students walk to the end pole and then turn around and run back. For the second relay, the students skip to the pole and then gallop back. For the third relay, the students hop to the pole and then leap back. This is a particularly appropriate activity for providing students with opportunities to: A. combine manipulative and nonlocomotor skills smoothly. B. gain practice in executing fundamental locomotor skills. C. recognize the differences between self-space and general space. D. demonstrate their understanding of movement qualities related to force.
B
Students are creating a model for the amount of weight a bridge can support. The students propose that all else being equal, the longer the bridge, the less weight it will be able to support. If the number 10 is a constant, L represents the length of the bridge, and W represents the amount of weight it can support, which of the following equations could be a model for this situation? W =L/10 W =10/L W = 10L W = 10L^2
B
The primary purpose of a blocking rehearsal is to: A. review light and sound cues. B. practice where, when, and how actors will move about the stage. C. explore a variety of line readings. D. plan unimpeded sight lines from audience members to the stage.
B
Tony needs to arrive at school at 8:10 a.m. If it takes him 9 minutes to get out of bed and brush his teeth, 12 minutes to get dressed, 18 minutes to eat breakfast, and 23 minutes to walk to school, when will he have to get up? Which of the following strategies would be most effective for solving this problem? A. modeling B. working backwards C. guessing and checking D. finding a pattern
B
Which of the following sentences, if inserted as Sentence 4 in the excerpt, would best support a logical development of the central idea? A. Goby fish warn shrimp of danger and the shrimp construct their shared hideaway. B. Some land animals also enjoy mutually beneficial relationships with animal or plant life. C. The barracuda strikes a unique pose to assure cleaning fish that it will not eat them. D. Symbiosis occurs when a host and a dependent species benefit from living together.
B
Which of the following statements best describes an important feature of life among Native American groups in the region that is now Michigan during the period immediately before European arrival in the Americas? A. Native American groups lived in large permanent settlements along the banks of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. B. Major economic activities among Native American groups included agriculture, hunting, gathering, and fishing. C. Native American groups produced skillfully made baskets and bone tools that were traded throughout nearby regions. D. Most Native American groups built multistoried structures that served as forts and residences.
B
A fourth-grade teacher has students attach the terminals of a small light-emitting diode (LED) to an electric motor. The students then vigorously spin the shaft of the motor and observe that the LED gives off a quick flash of light. The principle demonstrated in this exercise could best be used to help explain: A. how energy is stored in batteries. B. why refrigerators are able to cool warm air. C. how electricity is generated in large power plants. D. why a balloon sticks to a wall after rubbing it on a sweater.
C
A sixth-grade teacher observes that an advanced-level English Language Learner's oral reading lacks fluency. Although the student can accurately decode the words in an English text and has good comprehension of the meaning of the text, he sometimes uses inappropriate phrasing, intonation, and word stress. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for this student's reading behavior? a. The student's expressive vocabulary in English is less developed than his receptive vocabulary. B. The student is generalizing regular letter-sound correspondences to irregular words. C. The student's primary language is influencing his production of English. D. The student's academic-language skills are less developed than his social-language skills.
C
A student who has mastered six high-frequency letter-sound correspondences and can segment and blend CVC words presented orally is most likely ready to begin instruction in which of the following reading skills? A. decoding other word types and phonics patterns B. learning how to pronounce words with consonant clusters C. sounding out printed CVC words letter by letter D. reading short passages containing primarily CVC words
C
Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows. Scientific and technological advances have led to the development of computer technology that is smaller, faster, and more versatile with each new innovation. Huge amounts of information are accessible at all times. Instant communication via e-mail, voice, video, and text messaging is possible all over the world. Virtual friends exchange information continuously at social networking sites. At the same time, many believe that this technology has contributed to information overload, increased social isolation, reduced attention span, and declining social skills for many individuals. The passage above best illustrates that technological innovations often: A. require that certain social and economic conditions be present before they are accepted. B. are made possible by breakthroughs in one or more areas of science. C. have unforeseen consequences that offset some of their advantages. D. are gradually accepted by all segments of society.
C
Researchers are conducting a study on effectiveness of a new medication to control pain. One hundred individuals who are experiencing moderate levels of pain participate in the study. Fifty participants will be given the medication and 50 will be given a placebo. Over the course of several weeks, individuals will be interviewed to determine their levels of pain. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for reducing bias on the part of the researchers? A. collecting only data that can be quantified B. adding 100 individuals who are experiencing severe pain to the study C. ensuring that the interviewers do not know who was given the placebo or the medication D. replicating the experiment using a different pool who are experiencing a range of pain levels
C
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the enactment of laws "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." This amendment best illustrates the importance that the U.S. system of government places on the: A. responsibility of citizens to obey the laws of the land. B. need for citizens to promote the general welfare over individual interests. C. participation of citizens in the determination of public policy. D. willingness of citizens to embrace the concept of a diverse society.
C
What is the volume of the triangular prism shown in the diagram below? A. 30 cubic centimeters B. 18 cubic centimeters C. 15 cubic centimeters D. 10 cubic centimeters
C
Metal cooking utensils often have wooden handles. Which property of wood makes it a good material for the handle on a cooking tool? A Wood is a renewable resource. B Wood and metal create a chemical reaction. C Wood is a poor conductor of heat. D Wood absorbs more bacteria than metal.
C-The electrons of wood, glass, plastic, and air are examples of materials that have electrons which stay close to the nucleus of the atom making them poor conductors of heat and electricity. These poor conductors of heat and electricity are used as insulators. Insulation is the positive factor that makes wood a good tool for cooking.
A fourth-grade teacher regularly has students maintain individual learning logs of their observations and questions during science experiments. Students then share and discuss their learning-log entry with a partner before the whole class meets to draw conclusions about what they learned. This approach to fostering student learning best demonstrates the teacher's recognition of the importance of: A. helping students make connections and comparisons between different modes of communication. B. considering students' physical, social, and cognitive development when planning academic instruction. C. encouraging students to consider pragmatic elements when listening and speaking in academic situations. D. enhancing students' understanding of content-area concepts through reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
D
A kindergarten teacher notices that some students are having difficulty developing understanding of the alphabetic principle and letter-sound correspondence. Which of the following strategies would be most effective to use first in addressing the students' needs? A. helping the students develop automaticity recognizing grade-level-appropriate, high-frequency words B. having the students practice identifying all the printed words in a book that begin with the same letter C. assessing the students' ability to write both uppercase and lowercase letters clearly and accurately D. focusing the students' attention on letters whose sound-symbol relationships are most consistent
D
A middle school student is conducting research for a health project on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following types of Internet resources would be most appropriate for this purpose? A. a chat group or discussion forum where individuals or families affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis share their personal stories and offer advice B. Web sites for products designed to alleviate joint pain associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with testimonials from individuals who purchased the products C. online medical journals that describe research studies focusing on new treatments for individuals with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis D. Web sites of government or nonprofit organizations designed to provide information and support for individuals or families affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
D
During the past century, the location of human settlements in most parts of North Africa and Southwest Asia has been most influenced by: A. their proximity to regional trade routes. B. the existence of religious sites. C. their proximity to oil deposits. D. the existence of available water supplies.
D
Students in a second-grade class notice there is more snow on the north side of the school building than on the south side, and they ask their teacher why the two sides of the building have different amounts of snow. Which of the following activities should the teacher carry out next in order to promote the students' use of inquiry processes? A. demonstrating with a ball and flashlight how the tilt of the earth causes the sun to be in the southern sky during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere B. having the students use books and the Internet to research the seasons and the path of the sun in the sky throughout the year C. putting the students into groups and giving each group a location around the school at which they will regularly measure and record the snow depth D. discussing with the students various reasons why the north side of the building might have more snow than the south side
D
Students in a sixth-grade class are designing a Web site on which they will post their science research reports on invasive species in the Great Lakes. A teacher-guided discussion of which of the following concepts related to visual arts would best help students arrange the visual elements they have chosen to use on the Web page? A. perspective B. texture C. scale D. balance
D
Two numbers, A and B, are shown below in expanded notation. A = 7 ×times 10310 to the third power + 4 ×times 10210 to the second power + 5 ×times 10110 to the first power B = 3 ×times 10110 to the first power + 2 ×times 10010 to the zero power When A ×times B is calculated, what digit will be in the thousands place of the product? 2 3 4 8
D
What is one benefit of using a word processing program to draft and edit writing? a. Word processing programs do not require students to have fine motor skills, and they can generate more words per minute with a keyboard than a pencil. b. Students can adjust the font size and style to produce legible printed essays for display. c. Word processing programs include spelling and grammar checks, so students don't have to worry about fixing these errors themselves. d. Students can easily manipulate sentences to improve organization and clarity, so there's no need to rewrite a whole paragraph on paper to fix one simple issue.
D
When elementary students are participating in physical activities, the teacher can best help promote personal traits such as perseverance and confidence by: A. giving constant verbal praise and encouragement. B. making sure students participate in activities at which they regularly succeed. C. planning activities that minimize competition between students. D. focusing students on setting and achieving individual goals.
D
Which of the following options best exemplifies inferential comprehension? A. recognizing cause-and-effect relationships in a science text about the processes of condensation and evaporation B. making connections between past personal experiences and information presented in an article about nutrition C. Following a sequence of steps in a set of written instructions for creating a pattern using stencils and paint D. determining an author's point of view in a social studies text about the consequences of industrialization
D
Which of the following parts of government is directly elected? A. The Supreme Court B. The cabinet C. The president D. The House of Representatives
D
scarcity of resources
Scarcity refers to the limitation of resources in a given scenario.
Missionaries arrived in the newly discovered Americas to spread Christianity.
Spain's early exploration of the Americas
state govt
Though there are some limitations (state governments cannot levy tariffs, or taxes on imports and exports), states do have the power to levy other kinds of taxes on their citizens.
C
Throughout the school year, students in a fourth-grade class create a portfolio of their artworks. In the spring, the teacher plans a class art exhibit in the school library media center. Students will select their favorite artwork to exhibit and will write a paragraph to hang next to it. Which of the following teacher strategies would likely be most effective for promoting students' ability to convey information about their artwork in their paragraphs? A. giving students a scoring rubric showing how their artwork and paragraphs will be graded B. providing students with sample paragraphs that previous students have written about their artwork C. using art-related vocabulary regularly when discussing students' artwork with them D. setting aside time to meet individually with students to help them select the artwork for the exhibit
A third-grade teacher reads the following passage from a story: "As Jimmy was brushing his teeth before going to bed, he heard a terrible roar come from the garage. Jimmy didn't know what could be making that terrible noise, but he left a light on in the closet while he slept that night." The teacher then asks students questions about their thoughts on the events of the passage and what might be happening. Which of the following would this activity best promote? A predicting B mapping C fact and opinion D schema development
a
On average, the majority of soil is made up of: A rocks and minerals. B dead organisms. C water. D living organisms.
a
Which of the following would NOT be appropriate instructions in an editing activity for a third-grade class? a. Designate that a writing template should be used. b.Designate that verb tense is to be edited. c.Designate that spelling is to be edited. d.Designate that syntax is to be edited.
a
Before beginning a unit on writing compound sentences with his second-grade class, Mr. Stevenson needs to assess whether his students can do which of the following? Select all answers that apply. a. identify conjunctions b. identify compound sentences c. identify simple sentences d.identify all parts of speech
a & c
Ms. Colon, a new fifth-grade teacher, is planning her math lessons for the grading cycle. She thinks of all of the topics she needs to teach and makes discrete daily lessons. Each unit has an opening pre-test. Each lesson has instruction, guided practice, and independent practice. Which of the following are methods she should incorporate into her lesson planning? Select all answers that apply. A Plan time each day for students to explain concepts they have learned to their peers. B Plan each lesson with a closure activity. C Instead of making single lesson plans, first create a thematic unit around which to frame her lessons. D Instead of pre-testing students before each unit, begin new material as soon as possible
a, b, c
A year on Earth is approximately 365 days, while a year on Venus takes about 224 Earth days, and a year on Mars takes about 687 Earth days. What causes the number of days in a year on each of these planets to differ from one another? A different distances B different shapes C different compositions D different climates
a- A year is measured by how long it takes a planet to revolve around the sun. These planets have years that are longer lengths because they are longer distances from the sun and thus have wider orbits.
Freshwater is a limited resource that is needed to sustain much of life on Earth. Which of the following reduces the availability of fresh drinking water for humans and animals? A increased crop irrigation B increased melting of glaciers and ice caps C increased nitrogen pollution in oceans D increased desalination of ocean water
a- As humans increase their use of freshwater to water crops, there is less available for other uses.
Which of the following was not a result of Spain's early exploration of the Americas? A identification of more efficient trade routes to Asia B the domination and subjugation of Mesoamerican empires C the spread of Christianity D increased wealth for the Spanish monarchy and Spanish explorers
a- Early Spanish explorers did hope to find a better route to Asia for the purposes of trade, but they did not find one despite Christopher Columbus thinking he had arrived in Asia when he had actually found the Caribbean.
The first several elements are grouped into eight columns in the periodic table labeled columns I through VIII. Elements in which columns of the periodic table tend to form ionic bonds with each other? A elements in columns I and VII B elements in columns I and VIII C elements in columns III and V D elements in columns III and IV
a- Elements in column I have one valence electron, which is easily donated to elements in column VII, with seven valence electrons. Elements in columns I and VII generally form ionic bonds.
A sixth-grade teacher is demonstrating to her students the importance of conventional spelling and its relationship to success in reading and writing. Which of the following is a good strategy for her to use with her students? A Show examples of how spelling mistakes can confuse the meaning of sentences. B Allow students to spell the way they hear sounds. C Don't assign lower grades for lack of neatness in students' spelling and writing. D Give credit for spelling if it makes sense.
a- Showing examples of how spelling mistakes create confusion in writing will reinforce the idea that spelling and clarity in written communication is linked.
Who is credited with creating much of what we consider geometry? A the Greeks B the Americans C the Indians D the Babylonians
a- The ancient Greeks are responsible for much of what is studied in Geometry, most famously the Pythagorean Theorem by Pythagoras.
Which of the following was not a result of the Spanish-American War? a. the sinking of the USS Maine b. Cuban independence from Spain c. US control of the Philippines d. notoriety for Theodore Roosevelt
a- The sinking of the USS Maine was the final instigating event prior to America declaring war on Spain. It was a cause, not a result of the Spanish-American War.
Which of the following statements about phonemic awareness is most accurate? A Phonemic awareness is an early indicator of students becoming strong readers. B Students do not fully master phonemic awareness until middle school. C Children cannot properly develop oral language skills without developing phonemic awareness. D Students always develop phonemic awareness in a standard order, applicable to all children.
a- The stronger a student's understanding and grasp of phonemic awareness, the more likely the student is to be a strong reader.
Suppose Mike's actual weight is 165.5 pounds ±2 ±2 pounds. His scale says his weight is 164 pounds. What can be said about his scale? A It is accurate. B It is precise. C It is neither precise, nor accurate. D It is both precise and accurate.
a- This scale is accurate because it gives a weight within the margin of error of his actual weight.
Complementary angles
are not congruent; congruent angles have the same angle in degrees. Meanwhile, being complementary does not mean they are congruent; complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90°.
A student is investigating the growth of Elodea under different light sources. Which of the following is the best research question for this student? A How does the amount of time spent in the sun affect the growth of Elodea plants? B How does the type of light source affect the rate of photosynthesis of Elodea plants? C How does the distance from the light source affect Elodea plants? D How does the color of an Elodea plant affect its growth under different light sources?
b
A third-grade class is beginning the writing process for a persuasive unit. Which of the following lesson topics would be most applicable for the prewriting stage of the writing process? a. punctuation of compound sentences b. determining audience c.sensory language d.transition sentences
b
Evaluate the following expression: (3 X 2-1)^2 / 5 a. 25 b. 5 c. 10 d. 9/5
b
In order to reach the mature stage of motor development, children must have: A Beginning skills above other students B An appropriate learning environment along with feedback and effective instruction C Lifelong skill application D Exceptional skill development
b
In schools across the United States, there has been an increased awareness of health and fitness related issues, especially regarding proper diet and nutrition for adolescents. Which of the following has this increased awareness led to? A. A widespread belief that physical education and nutrition knowledge should be incorporated into standardized testing B. An increased emphasis on promoting individuals' lifelong participation in physical activity and exercises c. An increased emphasis on traditional physical activities in physical education classes D. An increase in the amount of time students are required to spend each day in physical education classes
b
Mr. Appleton is considering providing some material for his students from the internet. Which of the following is Mr. Appleton legally permitted to do under fair use guidelines? A Distribute a single-user access login, purchased by the school, to students. B Use pictures and information from various websites in a class presentation. C Compile interesting articles and videos from various websites for non-instructional use by the students. D Stream an entertaining movie from a website as a reward to students for good grades.
b
What is the prime factorization of 36? A 2 × 3 B (2²) × (3²) C (2³) × (3²) D (2²) × (3³)
b
When a student is revising their essay, which of the following elements of writing should the student evaluate when determining whether they have appropriately considered their audience? a. spelling and punctuation b. word choice and tone c. clarity of thesis d. reliability of evidence
b
While Jessica is viewing membrane-stained cells under a compound microscope, she notices that the cells appear to have specialized organelles. These cells are most likely which of the following? A prokaryotic cells B eukaryotic cells C archaebacteria cells D bacteria cells
b
While reading, a student comes across the unknown word "sanitize." He notices in the sentence the words "dirty, " "but," and "now clean." He determines that sanitize must be the opposite of dirty. Which strategy did he use to define the unknown word? A defining meaning using phonetic awareness B defining meaning from context clues C defining meaning from structural clues and morphology D defining meaning using a homograph
b
Mr. Zammit is teaching his class about shapes. One of his students incorrectly labels all rectangles as squares and all rectangular prisms as cubes. Which of the following should Mr. Zammit do in this situation? a. Ignore the mistake because it is very common. b. Make an analogy to help the student understand his mistake, for example calling every rectangle a square is like calling every fruit an apple. c. Require his student to use correct mathematical vocabulary. d. Accept that the student is at least using some geometric terms and move on.
b, c
During a sixth-grade unit on suspensions, Mr. Ricky teaches that the color of a suspension depends on how light reflects on the solutes. He uses the examples of glacial lakes, which contain silt from the glacier's movement. When sunlight hits the lake and reflects from this suspended silt, the lake appears a spectacular turquoise blue or green color. Of the following student activities, which would be most useful to include while assessing students' understanding of his unit on suspensions? A. inviting a local scientist in to talk about the effect of climate change on the lakes B. drawing a diagram of why glacial lakes are blue C. calculate the rate of dissolution based on the lake color D. creating a photo collage of the various colors of lakes
b- Mr. Ricky wants to assess understanding of the effect of solutes on the color of a suspension. Having students draw a diagram is a good way for him to see if they understand that light is reflecting on the solutes.
Which of the following are best defined as rights that are possessed by all individuals, regardless of place, time, or government jurisdiction? A property rights B natural rights C Miranda rights D divine rights
b- Natural rights are seen as belonging to an individual with no requirement. They are traditionally seen as life, liberty, and property (or the pursuit of happiness). Natural rights, like natural law, extend beyond culture, society, or time period.
Which of the following statements is true regarding state governments? A State governments can issue currency. B State governments control all powers not granted to the federal government. C State governments have only two branches of power: legislative and judicial. D State governments cannot levy taxes.
b- The Tenth Amendment guarantees that all powers not specifically given to the federal government by the U.S. Constitution are under the control of the states.
Lisa is struggling to comprehend grade-level texts during independent reading and her oral reading is jerky and irregular. Mr. Harris wants to improve Lisa's reading comprehension. Which of the following instructional strategies should Mr. Harris focus on? A vocabulary development B sight-word automaticity C alphabetic awareness D phonemic awareness
b- The evidence describing Lisa's reading indicates she is struggling with decoding words and skills related to reading fluency. Sight words are words that are quickly recognized. Increasing Lisa's sight word vocabulary will help increase reading fluency.
Use mental math to solve the problem below. James has saved $35.25. He wants to save his money to buy a bicycle that is listed as $85.00. If sales tax is 8%, about how much more must he save to purchase his bike, including tax? A $55 B $60 C $50 D $70
b- The math used: 8% is close to 10% so sales tax on $85.00 is around $8.50. So $85.00 + $8.50 = $93.50 total. (Notice this is an overestimate so James' target will be a bit more than he actually needs). James needs to save about $93. If he has saved about $35, he will need an additional $58. ($93 - $35 = $58). Therefore, if rounded up this would be the best choice: $60. When dealing with money, generally an overestimate is more reasonable.
The first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and enabling people and goods to move quickly across the continent. This innovation most directly affected: A politics. B distance. C the economy. D geography.
b- The transcontinental railroad enabled goods and people to move across the country more quickly and for lower costs, shrinking the impact of distance.
Ms. Michaels wants to ensure that her sixth-grade social studies assessments are written in a way to best show true student mastery of the content. Which of the following should Ms. Michaels do to make her assessments as fair and representative of true learning as possible? A Occasionally include unexpected written instructions like, "only answer the odd question," to train students to carefully read the instructions every time. B Evaluate included examples to ensure that they are culturally accessible to all students. C Attempt to use below grade-level vocabulary to make the questions more clear. D Repeat the same testing format for each assessment to minimize confusion.
b- This is an important aspect of creating a quality assessment.
Simplify the expression: 30−2×50+7030−2×50+70 A. -70 B. 0 C. -210 D. 1470
b- To simplify the equation, follow the order of operations: Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction (PEMDAS), and work left to right for each step. There are no parentheses nor exponents, so multiplication/division would come first. The steps to simplify the expression would be: = 30 - 2 × 50 + 70 = 30 - 100 + 70 = -70 + 70 = 0
A teacher of third-grade students makes her class perform a series of simple experiments. The experiments are: boiling vinegar in a small pot, mixing vinegar and baking soda, cutting a piece of paper into smaller pieces, and burning a piece of paper by using a candle. The principle demonstrated in this series of simple experiments can help explain: a. the relationship between science and technology b. the concept of phase change in substances c. the difference between physical and chemical change d. the importance of heat and daily activities
c
What are some examples of infrastructure? a. rivers, streams, lakes b. U.S. capital, White house, Supreme Court c. roads, bridges, damns d. gold, silver, bronze
c
When a student has formed an initial question for a research topic, which of the following would be the most appropriate next step? A Begin writing a paper or creating a presentation B Present any conclusions drawn in a presentation or paper C Research what others have found and written about the initial question D Draw conclusions about the best answer to the initial question
c
Why is it important for scientists around the world to adhere to the same system of measurement? A The imperial system of measurement is inaccurate. B The metric system does not relate to real life, so it is easier to use for conceptual purposes. C It allows for easier and more consistent communication of results. D The results of experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
c- A consistent system of measurement allows scientists to compare results more easily and remain consistent in their findings.
A forest was cleared and turned into a field of organic soybean plants. Which of the following most likely occurred? A The number of insect species increased. B The number of plant species increased. C The number of insect species decreased. D The variety of plants and animals both increased.
c- A forest is a more complex ecosystem than a field of one crop. When ecosystems are more simple, they support fewer species.
Which of the following skills is not part of phonological awareness? A syllable awareness B sound awareness C letter awareness D rhyme awareness
c- An understanding of the names and shapes of letters does not fall under the umbrella of phonological awareness. Phonological awareness is specifically focused on sounds.
What was the effect of World War I on the United States? a. The United States developed stronger foreign policy relations with Germany. b. The United States quickly entered into an economic downturn known as the Great Depression. c. The United States emerged as a leading industrial world power. d. The United States quickly entered into an economic downturn known as the Great Depression.
c- Because Europe sustained the majority of war debt and destruction, the United States was able to become an industrial leader and creditor for other countries needing to rebuild.
Which President is commonly considered the architect of the Great Society? A Franklin D. Roosevelt B John F. Kennedy C Lyndon Johnson D Ronald Reagan
c- Lyndon Johnson promoted the legislation that would be deemed "The Great Society." The legislation created domestic programs with two goals: the elimination of poverty and the end of racial injustice. Major aspects of the legislation would be the creation of Medicare and Medicaid and the expansion of welfare programs.
Billy is saving to buy a new phone. Billy's friends invite him to go to dinner and a movie. He wants to go, but decides that saving his money for a new phone is more important. Billy's choice best demonstrates which of the following? A scarcity of resources B comparative advantage C supply and demand D opportunity cost
d
The second-grade teaching team wants to help students develop awareness of personal interactions and feelings. How might they use creative drama to help in this area? A teaching stage directions B using correct body positions C teaching plot diagrams D through character development
d
When ELL students hear phrases such as, "It's raining cats and dogs outside," or "This is just a drop in the bucket," they may be confused, as they probably need to have specific instruction in: A phonetic strategies. B scaffolding. C segmentation. D semantics.
d
Which of the following numbers is neither prime nor composite? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
d
(1) Earth's largest desert is actually a very frigid place covered with ice: Antarctica. In order for an area to be considered a desert, it must receive very little rainfall. More specifically, it must receive an (3) average of less than 10 inches of precipitation—which can be rain, sleet, hail, or snow—on the ground every year. Antarctica, the coldest place on earth, has an average temperature that usually falls (5) below the freezing point. And because cold air holds less moisture than warm air, the air in Antarctica does not hold much moisture at all. This is evident in the low precipitation statistics recorded for (7) Antarctica. For example, the central part of Antarctica receives an average of less than two inches of snow every year. However, the coastline of Antarctica receives a little bit more—between seven and (9) eight inches per year. Because Antarctica gets so little precipitation every year, it is
d- An encyclopedia is a book or set of books giving information on a subject. Of the choices listed, it is the most appropriate.
Two angles are complementary. If the measure of one of the angles is 68°, what is the measure of the other angle? A 68° because complementary angles are congruent to each other. B 112° because the sum of the measures of complementary angles is 180°. C 292° because the sum of the measures of complementary angles is 360°. D 22° because the sum of the measures of complementary angles is 90°.
d- Complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90 degrees. So, if one angle is 68 degrees, its complement would be 90 - 68 = 22 degrees.
What mnemonic device helps kids remember the lines of the treble clef? A FACE B Good Boys Do Fine Always C All Cows Eat Grass D Every Good Boy Does Fine
d- E-G-B-D-F are the lines of the table clef. Therefore, Every Good Boy Does Fine is an appropriate mnemonic device for remembering the lines of the treble clef.
Samuel rides his bike around the park and over to the pond, and then back to where he started. Which is greater: the distance he traveled or his displacement? A displacement B It is impossible to tell from the information given. C The distance and the displacement are the same. D distance
d- His distance was the greatest. It includes the length of the entire path he followed. His displacement is zero.
A journalist in a town with a population of 15,200 takes a random sample of 200 people and finds that 60 of them read the local newspaper. Based on this sample, which of the following is the best estimate for the number of people in the town that read the local newspaper? A 450 B 45 C 5 D 4500
d- Of the 200 people sampled, 6020020060 or 30% read the paper. To find 30% of the town's population: (0.30)(15200)=4560(0.30)(15200)=4560. Therefore about 4500 people read the local paper.
A first-grade teacher wants to promote the concepts of spatial awareness and relationship awareness among students while having them march to the sound of a drum. Which of the following instructions should the teacher give to best promote this? A Stomp your foot on the third beat of each measure and turn right. B Time your step so your foot touches the ground when the drumbeat occurs. C As the drumbeat becomes faster, march faster; as the drumbeat becomes slower, march more slowly. D Follow the person in front of you, but keep a comfortable distance.
d- Spatial awareness is understanding the position of objects in relation to oneself and one's surroundings. Directing students to follow the student in front while keeping a comfortable distance requires them to maintain constant awareness of the objects around them so that they continue in a line, but with a comfortable distance.
During a decoding exercise, a first-grade teacher noticed a student could not decode new words when particular suffixes were added to the word. This student would most benefit from which of the following instruction? A increasing understanding of vowel digraphs B counting the syllables in the words C isolating the initial sounds of the words D structural analysis
d- Structural analysis is the practice of using word parts, such as roots and affixes, to identify words. Structural analysis skills will help the student use knowledge of the root word and suffix to decode the word. Suffixes are placed at the end of a word. Isolating the initial sound of a word would not address the issue of suffix decoding.
The formal name of the United States of America denotes which type of region? A climate B religious C language D political
d- The name of the United States of America denotes a political region that is under the governing of the United States government. Within the United States of America there are many languages, religions, and climates.
Which situation could best be represented by the equation: 12�=5412x=54? A Marty collected 12 dozen eggs every day for 54 days. What is x, the total number of dozens of eggs she collected? B Marty had 54 minutes left on his cell phone plan. If he uses 12 minutes, what is x, the number of minutes remaining on his cell phone plan? C Marty earns $12 for typing a paper. If her rate is $54 per hour, what is x, the number of hours it actually took to type the paper? D Marty made car payments on her car for 54 months until it was paid off. What is x, the number of years it took Marty to pay off her car?
d- To get the total months, 54, multiply the number of years, x, by the number of months in a year, 12; 12�=5412x=54.
Prokaryotic cells
do not contain specialized, membrane-bound organelles
All eukaryotic cells contain specialized, membrane-bound organelles.
eukaryotic cells
Scaffolding
is building on skills that a student already knows/has. It usually involves providing a firm foundation of skills so that new ones can be attained more easily.
Phonemic awareness
is the ability to hear sounds that make up words in a spoken language. Lisa is aware of the correlation between sounds and words in the spoken language.
Opportunity cost
is the concept that the cost of an activity is not the monetary loss a person receives, but rather what their time and efforts could otherwise have been dedicated to.
Semantics
is the study of word or symbol meaning. It is important because one word or sentence might have multiple meanings or have a meaning that is figurative rather than a literal meaning.
Spatial awareness
understanding the position of objects in relation to oneself and one's surroundings. Directing students to follow the student in front while keeping a comfortable distance requires them to maintain constant awareness of the objects around them so that they continue in a line, but with a comfortable distance.
