National Registry: Crash Course EMT Practice Exam

Which of the following medications is intended to decrease myocardial workload and increase myocardial blood flow? A. Nitroglycerin B. Activated charcoal C. Aspirin D. Epinephrine

A. Nitroglycerin opic:Cardiology, Resuscitation, Stroke·Emphasis:Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology·Rationale:Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator, so it can increase blood flow to the heart and reduce systemic vascular resistance. Activated charcoal is an adsorbent, aspirin is an anti-platelet aggregate, and epinephrine is a sympathomimetic.

Life-threatening bleeding should be found and treated during the: A. Primary assessment. B. Scene size up. C. Secondary assessment. D. Patient history.

A. Primary assessment.

You are caring for a 22-year-old female who complains of respiratory distress after exercising. She is alert, speaking full sentences, and has a persistent cough. She is most likely experiencing: A. Respiratory distress with adequate breathing. B. Respiratory distress with inadequate breathing .C. Respiratory paralysis. D. Respiratory arrest.

A. Respiratory distress with adequate breathing Topic:Medical, OB, GYN The patient is alert and speaking full sentences. These signs indicate the patient is breathing adequately. Respiratory paralysis and respiratory arrest are not possible because the patient is alert and speaking.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce respiratory distress by: A. helping to keep the alveoli open. B. stimulating sleep apnea. C. relieving foreign body airway obstruction. D. increasing the need for intubation

A. helping to keep the alveoli open. CPAP helps to keep the alveoli open. CPAP is a treatment for sleep apnea and can help avoid intubation. CPAP does not relieve FBAO.

Which of the following interventions should be performed first for an unresponsive patient with a suspected spinal cord injury? A. Head-tilt, chin-lift. B. Jaw thrust maneuver C. Oropharyngeal airway D. Nasopharyngeal airway.

B. Jaw thrust maneuver Topic:Airway and Ventilation·Rationale:The head-tilt, chin-lift is contraindicated for patients with suspected spinal injury. Manual airway techniques, in this case the jaw thrust maneuver, should be performed before inserting a mechanical airway adjunct

You are caring for a multi-system trauma patient with possible internal bleeding. Select the correct statement about the rapid scan for a multi-system trauma patient: A. The rapid scan is used to identify all injuries. B. The rapid scan is used to identify life-threatening conditions. C. The rapid scan is another term for the secondary exam. D. The rapid scan is not required on conscious patients.

B. The rapid scan is used to identify life-threatening conditions.

The foramen magnum: A. connects the forearm to the humerus. B. is an opening at the base of the skull. C. attaches the patella to the knee joint. D. allows lateral movement of the head.

B. is an opening at the base of the skull. The foramen magnum is a large opening at the base of the skull that allows the brain and spinal cord to connect. The atlas (C1) and axis (C2) allow for lateral movement of the head

The primary assessment of an adult with chest pain includes A. Identifying the specific cause of the patient's pain. B. Ensuring the scene is safe C. Determine the transport priority. D. Reassessing vital signs

C. Determine the transport priority.D. Reassessing vital signs

You are caring for a six-year-old patient with respiratory distress. The pulse oximeter (Sa02) reads 93%. Your management of the patient should include:\ A. Withhold oxygen until the patient develops accessory muscle use. B. Contacting the patient's pediatrician prior to transport. C. Administering a metered dose inhaler if prescribed to a parent or sibling. D. Administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%.

D. Administer sufficient oxygen to maintain a pulse oximeter reading of at least 94%. opic:Airway and Ventilation·Emphasis:Pediatrics·Rationale:Oxygen is indicated for patients with signs or symptoms of hypoxia, including a pulse oximeter below 94%. EMTs should not withhold oxygen from a patient with a pulse oximeter below 94%. EMTs do not contact the patient's physician for medical direction, nor do they administer MDIs which are not prescribed to the patient.

Your 5-year-old patient is unresponsive. A carotid pulse is present at 40 beats per minute. Breaths are shallow at six per minute. You should immediately A. Apply a nonrebreather mask. B. Begin artificial ventilations. C. Place the patient in the recovery position. D. Begin chest compressions.

D. Begin chest compressions. Topic:Cardiology, Resuscitation, Stroke·Emphasis:Pediatrics·Rationale:CPR, beginning with chest compressions, is indicated for unresponsive children with a pulse rate below 60

Your patient is unresponsive following blunt trauma to the head. Which of the following is the EMT's first priority for an unresponsive patient? A. Assess respiratory rate. B. Open the airway. C. Perform a SAMPLE history D. Determine if CPR is indicated

D. Determine if CPR is indicated

Your 6-year-old patient jumped from a swing and injured his right leg. You note deformity to the right leg above the ankle. The patient most likely has a fracture to the: A. proximal radius. B. distal ulna. C. proximal fibula. D. distal tibia

D. distal tibia. The radius and ulna are located in the arm, not the leg. A proximal fibula injury would be closer to the knee, not the ankle

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of airway obstruction? A. fluid. B. toys. C. vomit. D. the tongue.

D. the tongue.