NCTI [A&P COURSE]-QUIZ #1 REVIEW

Describe an ionic bond [3]

-a chemical bond -created by attraction between anions and cations -formed in a process called ionic bonding

Describe a covalent bond [3]

-an atom shares an electron with other atoms to fill its outer shell -leads to a molecule that is held together by a covalent bond -very strong because the shared electrons tie the atoms together

Describe a hydrogen bond [3]

-attraction between two polar covalent bonds; one is from a slight positive charge on the hydrogen atom and the other is from a weak negative charge on an oxygen or nitrogen atom -too weak to create molecules -hydrogen bonding between water molecules creates surface tension and restricts evaporation

Name and define the two types of energy

-kinetic: energy and motion -potential: stored energy

The _______ is located in the center of the atom and forms the ______.

-proton -nucleus

Name the 3 major parts of an atom

1. proton [positive] 2. neutron [neutral] 3. electron [negative]

Name the smallest stable unit of matter

atom

Define atomic number

the number of protons in an atom

What are atoms or molecules called that have an electrical charge?

ions

Define anion

ions with a negative charge

Define cation

ions with a positive charge

a variation outside normal limits triggers an automatic response that corrects the situation (ex: the control of body temperature→thermoregulation)

negative feedback mechanism

the initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus (ex: blood clotting or child birth)

positive feedback mechanism

Define energy

the capacity to perform work

In relation to energy, define work

the movement or a change in the physical structure of matter (ex: walking, running, synthesis of organic chemicals, evaporation)