Olfactory and Gustatory Q&A

b (The answer is B cross adaptation. Cross adaptation occurs because after smelling one odor for a period of time, another odor smells less strong. Tammy's olfactory bulb was being used entirely for smelling the perfume which is why the smell of the shampoo was less strong.)

1. Tammy is shopping for a new perfume. She smells about ten perfumes before picking one. After picking out her perfume, she goes over to the shampoo section to buy new shampoo. When she tries to smell the scents of the shampoos, she notices the scents are not very strong like they usually are. Which of the following is causing the shampoo scent to smell weaker than normal? A) Adaptation B) Cross-Adaptation C) Absolute D) Difference

c (The answer is c. Anosmia. The remaining answers are taste disorders while anosmia is the only olfactory disorder listed. Each symptom described is a symptom of anosmia.)

A client comes in with a complete loss of smell following trauma to the head. They report that their food has no taste, and they are beginning to lose weight because they do not want to eat anymore. After hearing this, you can assume your client has which olfactory disorder? A) Dysgeusia B) Ageusia C) Anosmia D) None of the above

a (The correct answer isanosmia. This is because head trauma can frequently lead to anosmia, which is the complete loss of the sense of smell. Clients with anosmia frequently report that food is tasteless, which causes them to loose a lot of weight as they no longer eat. When the brain hits the front of the skull in a traumatic brain injury, the olfactory bulbs are pushed against the ridge of the skull. The olfactory bulbs receive information about smells from the nose, therefore if the olfactory bulbs are damaged in a traumatic brain injury, the sense of smell will be lost.)

A head trauma patient reports that food is tasteless and has lost a lot of weight in the past week at an inpatient rehab facility. This patient had also reported that it is difficult to smell the food that is served in the facility. What olfactory disorder does this patient have? a.) anosmia b.) dysgeusia c.) ageusia d.) synesthesia

c (The best answer is C. Anosmia. Anosmia is an olfactory disorder that is commonly due to a head injury. It is a complete loss of smell, and clients often report that their food is tasteless. Although Dygeusia is also due to head trauma, it's a taste disorder. Furthermore, dygeusia alters ones taste perception meaning there's perception of a taste that isn't there.)

A teenager named Jane was in a terrible car accident. She hit her head extremely hard against the windsheild, but thought she was fine because she didn't have any bruises or broken bones. Days later her headache wouldn't go away, so she went to the doctor where they diagnosed Jane with a mild concussion. Her parents are starting to get worried because for months she has been eating noticably less. When approached about this issue, Jane explained she doesn't want to eat because she can never smell the food that shes eating nor taste it. What is the best explanation for why Jane can't smell and taste her food? A. Jane is lying B.Dysgeusia C. Anosmia D. Stress

a (The correct answer is A, Adaptation. Adaption happens when a given odor smells less strong after a period of time. The answer is not cross-adaptation because that involves the strength of a second smell after smelling an odor previously for a certain period of time. The answer is also not Anosmia because Adriana has not lost her sense of smell which typically happens when a person experiences trauma to the olfactory bulbs.)

Adriana works at the local coffee shop. Every morning when she walks in, the smell of the coffee is strong. By the end of her shift, all the customers are still talking about the smell of coffee filling up the shop. However, Adriana is having a hard time smelling it. The smell is not as apparent as it was at the beginning of her shift. What is Adriana experiencing? A) Adaptation B) Cross-Adaptation C) Anosmia D) None of the above

a (The answer is A. because a viral infection which causes a complete loss of smell is anosmia. However the answer would not be B, as the patient is suffering from viral infection covid 19, not head trauma crushing olfactory bulbs. The same explnation goes for answer C, it is not head trauma that would affect cranial nerves and taste buds through physically hitting the head. Lastly, D is not the answer because alothough it could be caused by viral infection, the patient is not exhibiting signs of dysgeusia which is the perception of a taste that isnt present. The patient has no taste at all.)

After testing positive for covid-19 a patient reports loss of taste, smell, and has even lost weight due to lack of appetite. Which of the following has been affected, how has it been affected, and what is the name of disorder caused by symptoms is occuring? A. inflammation of olfactory bulbs; ansomia B. head trauma pushing olfactory bulbs into the skull; anomisa C. head trauma damaging cranial nerves and taste buds; ageusia D. taste buds impacting by head trauma or viral illness; dysgeusia

a (The correct answer is A, Cross-adaptation. Cross adaptation occurs after smelling one odor for a period of time, so another odor smells less strong. This is due to the entire bulb being used for each scent. You often see cups of coffee beans scattered around perfume shops, as nasal palate cleansers in order to reduce the effects of olfactory adaption.)

Amanda walks into bath and body works, looking for a new body spray to purchase. She sprays one of the sample body sprays on her wrist, smelling it as she walks around the store. She then grabs another body spray, but states the odor is not as strong as the first one. What is this phenomenon known as? A. Cross- adaptation B. Adaptation C. Olfactory constancy D. Olfactory disorder

b (Explanation: For a person to notice a smell, it most cross their absolute threshold. The absolute threshold is the amount of an odor needed for someone to notice it. The scent of the cookies made its way through the house into Angelica's room just enough that she was able to notice and distinguish it's scent.)

Angelica is studying in her room when she smells the scent of freshly baked cookies coming into her room. She runs downstairs to see that her mother has baked some fresh chocolate chip cookies. The scent of the cookies crossed Angelica's _________, causing her to notice the scent A. Difference Threshold B. Absolute Threshold C. Both A and B D. None of the above

d (Correct answer: D. Ansomia is commonly caused by head trauma or viral infection that results in a complete loss of the sense of smell. Answers C and A describe dysgeusia and ageusia, taste disorders. B is the definition for the absolute threshold in olfaction.)

Anosmia is defined as: A. Loss of taste perception B. Amount of an odor needed for a person to recognize that a smell is present C. Perception of a taste that isn't present D. Complete loss of the sense of smell

b (The correct answer is b. Dysgeusia. Dysgeusia is a condition in which after a traumatic head injury or a serious viral, bacterial, or fungal infection, you perceive a taste that is not present. In ageusia, you lose your perception of taste completely which is not what Archie is suffering with so it cannot be the answer.)

Archie has been suffering from a bacterial infection in his throat. He has reported to his doctor that recently, after every food he chews or any drink he sips, he immediately is shocked with an unpleasant, sour, metallic taste that has replaced the sweet and savory tastes associated with the foods he always eats. What is Archie's diagnosis? a. Stroke b. Dysgeusia c. Diabetes d. Ageusia

c (The answer is C. Adaptation. The process of adapatation is after a period of time has passed by, a given odor smells less strong. Meaning at the initial start, Ellie smelled the perfume strong since it activated her olfactory system. However, once you are able to pick up on the odor, you adjust to the smell and it becomes less strong. The perfume would now be less powerful compared to how it might of been 5 minutes ago.)

Before heading out to dinner, Ellie decided to try on her new body fragrance from the store. She sprayed herself about 15 times all over her body. At first, she was overwhelmed by the smell of her perfume, but once she got inside her car the smell was more distant. What is the name of this process? a. cross-adaptation b. cross-enhancement c. adaptation d. absolute threshold

d (The answer is D, Anosmia. Anosmia is an olfactory disorder that usually occurs after a viral infection or head trauma. Bethany is presenting with symptoms of loss of smell and tasteless food. This disorder damages the olfactory bulbs because they are pushed up against the skull during the traumatic event. The other answers Ageusia and Dysgeusia represent gustatory disorders.)

Bethany was recently involved in an accident and had severe head trauma. Bethany is reporting that she has completely loss her sense of smell following the accident. Along with a loss of smell, Bethany says that she is having trouble tasting the food that she is eating. Which disorder is Bella presenting with? A) Dysgeusia B) Ageusia C) MSG D) Anosmia

a (The correct answer is A. dysgeusia. This is a taste disorder presenting because of head trauma or a viral illness. Dysgeusia leads individuals to perceive tastes that aren't there such as sour, rotten, bitter taste when the food is sweet. Ageusia is incorrect because this is the loss of taste perception. Anosmia is incorrect because this does not relate to taste perception, and is the loss of the sense of smell. Adaptation relates to the sense of smell as well and is inccorect.)

Carla recently fell and hit her head experiencing head trauma. She realizes at the hospital that the strawberries which are her favorite fruit now taste rotten and bitter when she tastes them. What disorder is she presenting with? A. Dysgeusia B. Ageusia C. Anosmia D. Adaptation

c (Adaption and absolute refer to thresholds in olfaction, which affects what we smell, in comparison to our gustatory system that affects what we taste. Therefore, cross enhancement is experienced during Daniella's preference for sweet and salty foods because it describes that the adaption to one taste can make you more sensitive to another taste. This explains why sweet and salty pair so well together, because they are different tastes all included in one treat. On the other hand, it is not cross-adaption because this refers to that adaption to one taste can make you less sensitive to another taste. For example, adding more sweet flavors does not make it any sweeter.)

Daniella and her friends are making desserts for their upcoming Halloween party. Daniella suggested making chocolate covered pretzels because she loves foods that are sweet and salty in comparison to foods that are only sweet. Daniella's favoritism towards sweet and salty foods explain... A) Adaption B) Absolute C) Cross-enhancement D) Cross-adaption

b (Answer: B. Adaptation; After a period of time a given odor smells less strong. George has had his dogs for over 5 years and mentioned that he used to smell a dog odor when they were puppies, but not anymore. Over time, George could not smell the odor as strong as his friends who only come over occasionally.)

George has two dogs which gives his house a strong smell. Both of his dogs are over 5 years old. George recalls smelling a dog odor when they were puppies, but not anymore. Every time George invites a friend over, they complain of a strong "dog" odor in his house. George always laughs and calls them crazy because he doesn't smell a dog odor himself. What would most likely describe why George does not smell the same dog odor that his friends smell? a. difference b. adaptation c. absolute d. cross-adaptation

d (The answer is D(a&b). Anosmia is the complete lose of smell in an individual. It is cause by either trauma to the head or from a viral infection. When a person experiences head trauma their brain hits the front of the skull causing the olfactory bulbs to be pushed up against the ridge of the skulls.)

How is Anosmia caused? A. Head trauma B. Viral Infection C. Broken Nose D. A&B

b (The correct answer is B. Cross-enhancement occurs when one taste is paired with another and results in greater sensitivity. In cross-adaptation the opposite occurs, and adaptation to one taste makes you less sensitive to another.)

In the movie "Pretty Woman" there's a scene where Julia Robert's character is offered and accepts strawberries. After the strawberry she is then offered wine but questons why she is being given wine. In answer, Richard Gere's character tells her that the wine brings out the flavor of the strawberries. This is an example of what type of taste? A. cross-adaptation B. cross-enhancement C. limited adaptation

b (The correct answer is B adaptation. This is the right answer because adaptation is when after a certain period of time or exposure, a smell will no longer have a detectable odor or can smell less strong. This can sometimes be commonly called "nose blindness" and examples of when this can happen are being in a coffee shop or someone who owns a pet.)

John lives in his apartment with his three dogs. When his friends come over to his place for the first time they are shocked by how strong the smell is. John is confused why his friends think that his apartment smells any different because he himself does not smell anything different. In this situation what is he experiencing? A. Cross-adaptation B. Adaptation C. Absolute D. Anosmia

a (Explanation: Cross-enhancement is described as the process by which adaptation to one taste can make you more sensitive to another taste. Cross-enhancement is the reason that certain flavors pair so well together. Cross-enhancement can sometimes make chocolate taste sweeter if salt is added to it. Therefore, cross-enhancement made Caroline and Sophia's brownies taste sweeter after they added potato chips to the brownie mixture.)

One Friday after school, Caroline and her friend Sophia decided to bake brownies. The day before, Caroline and Sophia's friend Mia told them that adding potato chips to brownies made them taste even better. Caroline and Sophia, being curious about what Mia could have possibly been talking about, decided to add potato chips to their brownies. Upon tasting their brownies, the girls noticed that the brownies tasted sweeter than usual. What did Caroline and Sophia just experience? A. Cross-enhancement B. Dysgeusia C. Ageusia D. Interaction

a (Answer: A. Dysgeusia; this taste disorder occurs when the perception of a taste is not present and is typically caused by head trauma or a viral illness. Ageusia is defined as the loss of taste perception due to head trauma to the cranial nerves. Anosmia is the complete loss of the sense of smell due to head trauma or viral illness.)

Question: Which of the following is the perception of a taste that is NOT present? A) Dysgeusia B) Ageusia C) Anosmia D) Adaptation

a (The correct answer is a. Anosmia is an olfactory disorder where an individual loses their sense of smell, often due to head trauma, which is what Ryan experiences. This disorder also causes individuals to lose their sense of taste. These symptoms are applicable to what Ryan is reporting. Dysgeusia is not the correct answer because it is a disorder where one perceives taste that is not there. Ageusia is also incorrrect because it solely relates to loss of taste perception, not sense of smell.)

Ryan suffers from an injury to the head and shortly after notices he loses his sense of smell. When eating, he reports that he cannot only not smell the food, but cannot taste the food either. This disorder would be called: a) anosmia b) dysgeusia c) ageusia d) none of these disorders describe Ryan's conditions

d (The correct answer would be choice D. Adaptation. Adaptation explores the adjustment our bulb makes to odors after we have been exposed to them for an extended period. Since the boys have been exposed to the scent of their room for so long the strength of the stimulus will decrease over time and they will be less influenced by the stench. Sam on the other hand has had minimal exposure to their room therefore the strength has a more intense influence on him. Choice A is incorrect since olfactory constancy reflects how one's sense of smell remains the same regardless of sniffing. Choice B is incorrect since anosmia defines a complete loss of smell rather than the decreased intensity of smell that the boys are experiencing. Choice C is incorrect since gustation threshold reflects the sense of taste rather than the sense of smell.)

Sam has 2 sons that share a room. Both boys play sports and have a habit of leaving dirty clothes and plates in their room. Sam enters the boy's room and immediately smells the stench of their dirty environment. Why have the boys not noticed the scent in their room? A) Olfactory constancy B) Anosmia C) Gustation threshold D) Adaptation

d (The correct answer is D. Cross-Adaptation suggests after smelling one odor for a long time, other odors are perceived as less strong as the entire bulb is used for each scent. Adaptation is incorrect, as it indicates after a period of time an odor is less strong. Ansomia is another wrong choice as it represents the complete loss of smell. Olfactory constancy describes how your sense stays the same no matter how much you sniff, so this is an incorrect option as well.)

Sarah decided to light candles in her home. She lit one in her living room as well as one in her bedroom. Sarah spent a large amount of time in her living room binge watching her favorite television show. After, she went into her bedroom and was unable to smell her scented candle. What is the reasoning of this phenomenon? A. Adaptation B. Ansomia C. Olfactory constancy D. Cross-Adaptation

a (Answer: A. This is because ageusia is due to the lost of taste perception. Tongue Death is not a taste disorder, and Dysgeusia is perception of a taste that is not present.)

Sophia has lost taste perecpetion because she has damage to her cranial nervers due to head truama from a car accident. What taste disorder is Sophia exhibiting? a. Ageusia b. Tongue Death c. Dysgeusia d. None of the above

a (Anosmia is the correct answer because it is defined as an olfactory disorder that results in the complete loss of smell. This disorder is commonly due to head trauma (or viral infection) and results in damage to the olfactory bulb. Dysgeusia is incorrect because it is involved with gestation (not olfactory) and is defined as the constant perception of tasting something that isn't actually there. Depression is incorrect because it is not an olfactory disorder.)

Ted has recently been in a car crash, which resulted in severe trauma to his head. He reported that he can not taste any food and has lost a significant amount of weight due to his lack of interest in eating. The doctor noted that his symptoms are due to damage of the olfactory bulbs. Which of the following olfactory disorders does Ted's symptoms associate with? A) anosmia B) dysgeusia C)depression D) none of the above

b (The correct answer is B. Limbic System. The thalamus is the relationship between smell and memory.)

The _____ is the relationship between smell and emotion. A. Thalamus B. Limbic System C. Olfactory bulb

a (The correct answer is "a. Emotion". The limbic system is the part of the brain responsible for emotional responses. In relation to smell, smells can arouse emotional memories.)

The limbic system associates smell to what? A) Emotion B) Memory C) Taste D) A & B

b (The answer is B. (Memory) The olfactory bulb in the thalamas is the relationship between smell and memory. The olfactory bulb in the limbic system is the relationship between smell and emotion.)

The olfactory bulb projects to the thalamus and limbic system. The thalamus involves the relationship between smell & ______ ? a. Emotion b. Memory c. Language d. None of the above

d (Answer D, the thalamus projects the relationship between smell and memory.)

The olfactory process that projects the relationship between smell and memory projects to which system? A) Hippocampus B) Amygdala C) Limbic D) Thalamus

a (The correct answer is A Bitter. The posterior portion of the tongue is in charge of most bitter taste stimuli, meanwhile the sides of the tongue control sour taste stimuli and the front is in charge of both salty and sweet.)

The posterior portion of the tongue is in charge of what taste stimuli? A) Bitter B) Salty C) Sweet D) Sour

a (The answer to this is A, perception of taste is not present. This is the most correct answer because this would describe Dysgesuia. While they are both taste disorders, dysgeusia is a disortion of taste perception that can be casued by head trauma or viral illness. Ageusia is the complete loss of taste perception that could be casued by head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves)

There are two types of taste disorders, Dyesusia and Aguesia. Which would NOT describe Ageusia: A. Perception of a taste is not present B. The complete loss of taste C. Due to head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves.

b (The correct answer is B, According to the concept of olfactory constancy, our sense of smell stays the same no matter how hard we sniff, even though the amount of odorant in the nostril may change. Sniffing does not help improve the olfactory bulb nor can it cause anosmia. Olfactory constancy is similar to color constancy: we can look "harder" at a color but that color will not begin to look different to us.)

Truth or Myth? Sniffing harder allows your sense of smell to be stronger. A) This is true because the amount of odorant in the nostril increases. B) This is a myth because our sense of smell stays the same no matter how hard we sniff. C) This is true because sniffing helps to train the olfactory bulb. D) This is a myth because sniffing too hard can lead to developing anosmia.

b (The answer is... b: anterior. The posterior part of the tongue tastes bitter foods and the lateral portions of the tongue taste sour foods. The medial portion of the tongue does not have many taste buds.)

What area of the tongue is most sensitive to tasting salty and sweet foods? a. posterior b. anterior c. medial d. lateral

a (The correct answer is A. When we are around a smell for a long period of time our body starts to get used to the smell and it won't seem very strong to our system any more.)

What is it called when an Odor becomes less strong to us? A) adaptation B)olfactory C) cranial never one D) limbic system

c (Answer: C. Cross-enhancement. It is the adaptation to one taste which can make you more sensitive to another taste.)

What is the reason that different flavors pair so well together? A) Cross-adaptation B) Ageusia C) Cross-enhancement D) Dysgeusia

b (The answer is B. Ageusia. Dysgeusia is another type of taste disorder, but it causes a perception of a taste that isn't present and it is caused by a head trauma or viral illness.)

What taste disorder does someone have if they lose taste perception due to a head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves? A) Dysgeusia B) Ageusia C) Anosmia D) None of the above

a (The correct answer is A, MSG. MSG is a taste modifier that is commonly added to foods that make salty and sour foods more savory, whereas miracle fruit makes it more sweet.)

What taste modifier makes salty and sour foods taste savory? A) MSG B) Miracle Fruit C) Ansomia D) Ageuisia

d (The correct answer is D and this usually happens due to damage of the cranial nerves. Dysgeusia is a perception of taste that isn't present due to a head trauma or viral illness. Anosmia is a complete loss of smell. Adaptation is after a period of time a given odor smells less strong.)

When someone loses their taste perception due to a head trauma, this is called: A) Dysguesia B) Anosmia C) Adaptation D) Ageusia

a (The answer is A. This is because cross-adaptation occurs when you are smelling a strong odor for a considerable time and then are greeted with a new odor that scent smells less strong, as the entire bulb has been used for the first scent.)

When you walk into Starbucks, you are greeted with a strong whiff of coffee beans. As you are waiting in the long line, the smell gets fainter and fainter and you are eventually used to it by the time you are ordering. What is this an example of? A. Cross-adaptation B. Adaptation C. environmental changes D. cross-enhancement

d (Answer: d Anterior portion of the tongue. The bitter taste buds are posterior, the sour taste buds are lateral and the middle doesn't have so many taste buds but the anterior portion contains the sweet/salty)

Where are the salty/sweet taste buds located on the tongue? a) Lateral portion of the tongue b) Posterior portion of the tongue c) Middle of the tongue d) Anterior portion of the tongue

d (The correct answer is D. Each taste bud is most sensitive to one taste but also responds to at least one other flavor type. To fully taste food you need to move it around in your mouth but it doesn't need to hit one specific place to be tasted.)

Where are the taste buds that are most sensitive to bitter taste located? A. The front of the tongue B. The side of the tongue C. The middle of the tongue D. The back of the tongue

d (Answer: "D" is correct. The olfactory bulb projects to both the thalamus and limbic system. The limbic system is responsible for the connection between emotions and smell and thalamus is responsible for the connection between memory and smell.)

Where does the olfactory bulb project to? a) thalamus b) limbic system c) cerebellum and parietal lobe d) both a & b e) none of the above

c (The correct answer is c. Dysgeusia. Anosmia is the complete loss of sense of smell commonly due to head trauma or viral infection. Ageusia is loss of taste perception due to head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves. Dysmia is made up.)

Which disorder is a perception of taste that isn't present and is caused by head trauma or viral illness? A) Anosmia B) Ageusia C) Dysgeusia D) Dysmia

b (Olfactory processing projects to the thalamus during the late stage rather than the early stage)

Which of the following is false about olfactory processing in the early stage? a. entrie olfactory bulb is used for every scent b. projects to the thalamus c. does complex pattern recognition d. takes place at CN1

c (The answer is C because during late olfactory processing, the olfactory bulb projects to the thalamus and limbic system.)

Which of the following is false about olfactory processing? A) The olfactory bulb does not have a topic organization B) Humans have a poor sense of smell in comparison with other species C) During late olfactory processing, the olfactory bulb projects to the hypothalamus and limbic system D) The entire olfactory bulb is used for every scent

b (Answer B. The taste buds are located within the papillae of the tongue. Taste processing takes place on the taste buds. These are found within and on the papilla's sides. The meal must reach the papilla in order to be processed -this happens when you chew and the foods mixes with saliva)

Which of the following statements about taste buds is correct? A) The taste buds are located within the gustatory cells. B) The taste buds are located within the papillae of the tongue. C) The taste buds are located on the surface of the papillae of the tongue. D) The taste buds are located within gustatory cells.

b (Answer: b Thalamus. The limbic system is uninvolved with memory. Rather, it is responsible for linking the sense of smell with emotion. When a specific scent triggers a memory, one's thalamus is working to make this connection.)

Which of the following systems/structures links the sense of smell with memory? A. Limbic system B. Thalamus C. Both the limbic system & the thalamus

b (The correct answer is b. Ageusia. Ageusia is the loss of the tongue's taste functions; More specifically, the inability to taste sweetness, sourness, bitterness, saltiness, and umami. Dysgeusia, while also due to head trauma (or viral illness), is the perception of a taste that is not present. Anosmia, also commonly due to head trauma (or viral infection), is complete loss of the sense of smell. Hypogeusia is a reduced ability to detect taste, while ageusia is complete inability.)

Which of these conditions is a loss of taste perception and a result of head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves? a.) Dysgeusia b.) Ageusia c.) Anosmia d.) Hypogeusia

d (D. Umami. You have Bitter in the posterior tongue, Salty/Sweet on the anterior, and Sour on the lateral sides.)

Which one of these is NOT a taste stimuli on your tastebuds? A. Bitter B. Sour C. Salty/Sweet D. Umami

c (The correct answer is C. Ageusia. Ansomnia and dysgeusia are both due to head trauma or viral infection/illness.)

Which one of theses disorders are due to damage of the cranial nerves? A. Ansomnia B. Dysgeusia C. Ageusia

a (Answer: A. olfactory. The olfactory sense (sense is smell) is the oldest/most primary in the human body that we have available to us.)

Which sense is the oldest/most primary that we have available? A. olfactory B. taste C. smell D. vision

b (Each taste bud is most sensitive to one taste but is also response to at least one other flavor type. To fully taste a food you NEED to move it around in your mouth but it doesn't need to hit one specific place to be tasted.)

Which statement about early taste processing is NOT true? A. The taste buds are where taste processing occurs. B. To fully taste a food, you do not need move it around in your mouth C. These are located on the sides of the papilla D. The food needs to get down to the papilla for processing to occurs (this happens when you chew and the foods mixes with saliva)

a (A -Ageusia. Ageusia is the loss of taste perception due to head trauma and damage to the cranial nerves.)

Which taste disorder is a result of a loss of taste perception ? A. Ageusia B. Dysgeusia C. Anosmia D. All of the above'

d (The answer is D. Cross- Adaptation. Cross adaptation occurs after smelling one odor for a period of time, another odor will then smell less strong. The olfactory bulb is used for each scent.)

While Kelly was doing homework in her room, her diffuser was on, letting out a lavendar scent. After about an hour, she went to her sisters room. Her sister asked if she could smell the vanilla scent from her sister's diffuser. Kelly said only a little, it wasn't that strong. What is this an example of? A. Absolute Threshold B. Adaptation C. Difference Threshold D. Cross-Adaptation

b (The correct answer is b. Cross adaptation. That is when you smell one odor for a long period of time that another odor smells less strong.)

You walk into bath and body works to smell some new scents. After that you go to smell your favorite scent and realize it is not as strong what is this called? A) Adaptation B) Cross adaptation C) Disorder D) Constancy

b (Olfaction or smell is the oldest most primary sense availble and is unlike all other senses in the body. The gustatory or taste system is not the oldest most primary sense available but it is still a very important system.)

____ is the oldest/most primary sense available. A. Gustatory B. Olfaction C. Both a and b D. Vision