Physio 5.2-5.3
____ respond to a particular feature of a stimulus.
Feature detectors
Cortical area ____ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs.
V1
Area ____ is particularly important for color constancy.
V4
To what does "shape constancy" refer?
We can recognize objects even at different orientations.
Infants with cataracts need to have surgical repair ____.
as early as possible
Once within the cerebral cortex, a mixed pathway of magnocellular and parvocellular cells is important for ____.
brightness and color
What type of cell responds to a pattern of light in a particular orientation anywhere within its large receptive field, regardless of the exact location of the stimulus?
complex
Which of the following would be easiest for someone who is motion blind?
dressing themselves
In foveal vision, ____.
each ganglion cell is excited by a single cone
The one additional feature that hypercomplex cells have that complex cells do not is that hypercomplex cells ____.
have a strong inhibitory area at one end of its receptive field
In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?
horizontal cells
Which structure has the largest receptive fields and the greatest preferential sensitivity to highly complex visual patterns, such as faces?
inferior temporal cortex
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a dorsal branch important for ____.
integrating vision with action
Once information is sent to the secondary visual cortex, it ____.
may return to the primary visual cortex
Damage to the magnocellular pathway would most likely lead to the loss of ____.
motion perception
Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?
occipital lobe
The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____.
optic chiasm
Being able to detect fine details of a color painting would depend most on which type of ganglion cells?
parvocellular
The receptive field of a receptor is the ____.
point in space from which light strikes the receptor
Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with ____.
reaching out to grasp an object
The ____ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.
receptive field
V1 neurons would be most strongly activated by viewing ____.
repeating stripes on a flag
Stereoscopic depth perception requires the brain to detect ____.
retinal disparity
Horizontal cells receive their input from ____, and they send output to ____.
rods and cones; bipolar cells
The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____.
striate cortex
In the visual system, the ____ and ____ constantly feed information back and forth.
thalamus; cortex
The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____.
ventral stream
____ cells axons make up the optic nerve.
Ganglion
A person with visual agnosia is unable to ____.
recognize visual objects
In addition to having difficulty recognizing faces, people with prosopagnosia may have difficulty____.
recognizing different kinds of plants and animals
Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.
recognizing faces
The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____.
dorsal stream
Human newborns come into the world predisposed to pay more attention to ____ than any other stationary displays.
faces
When cells in the middle temporal cortex respond to visual stimuli, their response depends mostly on the ____.
speed and direction of movement
An inability to recognize objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called ____.
visual agnosia
Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?
lateral geniculate and superior colliculus
What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?
lateral inhibition
Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____.
left eye
Cells in the inferior temporal cortex that are sensitive to a particular shape are also likely to respond to the shape's ____.
mirror-reversal
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____.
movement
In depth perception, different views are received by each eye, depending on the distance of the object being viewed. What is this called?
retinal disparity
The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the ____.
thalamus
Damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ____.
the ability to describe the shape or size of an object
Blindsight refers to ____.
the ability to localize visual objects within an apparently blind visual field
The primary visual cortex sends its information ____.
to area V2
Where does the optic nerve send most of its information?
to the lateral geniculate
What would be the likely outcome of a person who was blind at birth, and had vision restored later in life by the removal of cataracts (clouded lenses)?
trouble describing the shapes of objects
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location